I have always felt that spring begins with scorching peach blossoms, summer begins with the fragrance of the lotus wind, autumn begins with the red of wanshan mountains, and the real winter begins with snow flying.
From ancient times to the present, how many poets have written poems on the white snow, leaving immortal masterpieces, "the end of the South Yin Ridge Show, the snow floating in the clouds", "the creek is deep and the snow is unbearable, the mountains are frozen without clouds", "The morning opens the door and the snow fills the mountains, the snow is clear and the clouds are light and the sun is cold"...
A generation of poet Saint Du Fu has a poetry cloud "chaotic clouds low twilight, rapid snow dance back to the wind", twilight is vast, chaotic clouds shrouded, the north wind hunting, rapid snow flying, a good twilight cloud wind and snow map, written the cold of winter.
"To the Snow"
War crying more new ghosts, sorrowful groaning alone old man.
The clouds are low and twilight, and the rapid snow dances back to the wind.
There is no green in the scoop, and the fire in the furnace is red.
Several states broke the news, and the book was empty.
Du Fu's poem was written in the winter of 756 AD, during the Anshi Rebellion.
At that time, Du Fu originally wanted to go to Lingwu (located in Ningxia) to defect to Tang Suzong, who had just succeeded to the throne, but was captured by the rebels halfway through.
Trapped in Chang'an, life is difficult, and the hardships in it are indescribable.
The news of the new defeat of the Tang army came from the front line, and there was no hope of recovering Chang'an, coupled with the wind and snow, and the bad weather, there was this desolate five laws.
"War and crying are many new ghosts, and sorrow is a lone old man", the beginning of the poem explains the background of the times, and also points out the poet's encounter and state of mind.
At that time, the prime minister Fang Zhen led the Tang army to confront the rebels at Chen Tao, and twice fought, both of which ended in failure, and the Tang army suffered countless casualties.
Du Fu, who was bent on recovering Chang'an, heard such news, and the grief in his heart could be imagined.
That's why he was alone, full of sorrow, chanting poetry.
A "sad" word sets the emotional tone of the whole text, and the lyricism of the narrative of the later text revolves around this word.
The word "alone" highlights the poet's lonely situation at that time, not only in terms of environmental danger, but also in spiritual loneliness.
The hope of recovering Chang'an was shattered, but such a sad thought was not talked about, which invisibly magnified his sorrow.
Looking at the two sentences of the jaw link, just 10 words render the harsh and cold environment of winter to the extreme.
At dusk, the sky is scattered with chaotic clouds, layered on top of each other, enveloping the heavens and the earth; fast and large snowflakes flutter and swirl in the cold wind.
The most interesting thing here is the two adjectives of "chaos" and "urgency", which not only render the bad weather, but also portray the panic and eagerness of the poet after hearing about the defeat of the Tang army.
Meng Haoran has a poetry cloud "sorrow because of the thin twilight, xing is the autumn hair", the sunset is easy to hook the melancholy, coupled with the chaotic clouds hanging low, the wind and snow, in such a dark and harsh environment atmosphere, the poet's melancholy adds a layer.
These two sentences are typical of the scene, the poet's melancholy and this cold weather perfectly blended together, blending together, amazing.
Then the neck link, turning to the narrative, the poet intercepts two specific scenes, vividly describing his poverty-stricken situation at that time.
Life was difficult, there was no wine to drink, so the gourd containing the wine had long been discarded; the firewood and grass for the fire had long been burned out, and only a few soots were left in the furnace, but the poet's eyes appeared in front of the fiery and full of brilliant illusions.
The "scoop" and "zun" in the previous sentence are both vessels for serving wine, and "green" originally refers to the green foam floating on the new wine, just like Bai Juyi said in "Ask Liu Nineteen", "green ant new wine", which is used here to refer to "wine".
"Wine" has the meaning of relieving sorrows and dispelling sorrows, and winter has more meanings of driving away cold, but the poet has no wine to drink, and the taste of loneliness and coldness can be seen.
The most interesting thing about the last sentence is the word "like", which is a way of writing with illusion as real.
Obviously, the fire in the furnace has burned out, but the poet has painted a fiery red and warm picture, and written a "like" word, and the mood is all out.
One can imagine how cold the weather was at that time, and how eager the poet was for warmth, such an illusion would arise.
"Several states broke the news, sad sitting on the book empty", the final tail link once again pointed out the background, echoed with the first link, looped the source of the whole poem, and pushed the poet's melancholy to the top.
After the defeat of Fang Zhen's army, the whole situation in the Tang Dynasty became more and more critical, and at that time, the poet was trapped in Chang'an, unable to learn the news of his wife's relatives and friends, and his heart was worried.
But he was in prison and had no choice but to scribble in the air with his hands in boredom.
The term "Shukong" was originally derived from the "New Language of the World", the protagonist was Yin Hao, who was originally a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was not at odds with the powerful minister Huan Wen at that time, so after the defeat of the army, he was reduced to a commoner and exiled to Xin'an (located in Zhejiang).
After he arrived in Xin'an, he read and chanted at home all day, and often wrote with his fingers in the air, and some people secretly observed that every time he wrote four words "aggressive and strange things", he understood that he was using this to express the resentment in his heart.
Later, the word "book empty" became synonymous with boredom and dullness, melancholy and melancholy, just as Su Shi said in "Xingxiangzi Qiuhe", "Ask the public what is the matter, do not speak the book empty", and Wu Zao of the Qing Dynasty said in the "Golden Wisp Song", "It is difficult to dissipate arrogance from ancient times, and only the book is empty and aggressive".
Du Fu is the same here, both realistic and secretly allusions, showing his complicated feelings of worrying about the country and the people but powerless.
The Yingkui Law once said, "Others sing to Xuebi and sing with great pleasure." Only Lao Du is not, and every pole of the world is worried."
Like "Wild Hope", "Xishan White Snow Three Cities, Nanpu Qingjiang Wanli Bridge", "Send Away", "Late Years of Grass and Trees, Guanhe Frost and Snow Qing", and this song "To the Snow", "Chaotic Clouds Low Twilight, Rapid Snow Dancing Back to the Wind", all depict a broad picture of wind and snow, which is mixed with his infinite concern for the country, for the people, and for his relatives and friends.
The magnificent picture and the immortal feelings of home and country are the charm of Du Fu's poetry.
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Author: Relief poems
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