Litchi News Beijing Work Department
On December 14, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage held an important progress meeting on the major project of "Archaeology China" in Beijing, and reported three important archaeological achievements, including the Jiangcun Tomb in Xi'an, Shaanxi, the Zhengpingfang Site in Luoyang, Henan, and the Tuguhun Tomb Group in Wuwei, Gansu. Song Xinchao, deputy director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, attended the meeting.
The great tomb of Jiangcun in Xi'an, Shaanxi Is confirmed to be the tomb of Liu Heng, the emperor of the early Han Dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty, the tomb plane is "Ya" shape, the length of the burial chamber is about 72 meters, and more than 110 outer hidden pits have been found around the burial chamber, and there are pebble-paved cemetery facilities around the outer pit, which is speculated to be an independent imperial mausoleum. The remains of the mausoleum wall were found outside the Jiangcun Tomb and the Mausoleum of Empress Dou, and it is speculated that they are in the same mausoleum. More than 1,500 pieces of pottery figurines, copper seals, copper carriages and horse ware, iron and pottery have been excavated from the 8 outer tibetan pits that have been excavated, and the copper seals include "Chefu", "Instrument House", "Riding Thousand People in China", "Fuyin", "Cangyin", "ZhongsikongYin", etc., indicating that the outer Tibetan pits around the Jiangcun Tomb should be built to imitate the actual official office and the treasury.
The shape and scale of the Jiangcun Tomb are in line with the highest level tomb specifications of the Western Han Dynasty, coupled with the distribution of the Tomb of Empress Dou and the Tomb of Empress Bo around it, experts confirm that the Tomb of Jiangcun is the Tomb of emperor Wen of Han. The confirmation of the location of the Baling Tombs solves the problem of the name of the eleven imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, and the structural layout of the double mausoleum, the center of the imperial tomb and the outer tibetan pit shows obvious differences with the Han Gao Ancestral Changling tomb and the Han Hui Emperor An Mausoleum, laying the foundation of the imperial tomb system in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, and is of great significance to the in-depth study of the ancient Chinese imperial tomb system.
The ruins of Zhengpingfang in Luoyang, Henan, are one of the important Lifang ruins in the Guochenglifang Area of Luoyang City in the Tang Dynasty, and are the location of the Tang Dynasty Confucius Temple, Guozijian, and Taiping Princess Residence (later changed to Anguo Female Taoist Temple). The site is rectangular in plan, with a length of 533.6 meters from north to south and a width of 464.6 meters from east to west. The square is divided into three parts by a "D" shaped road: the western half of the square, the southeast district and the northeast district. The western half of the house is a large mansion, the southern half of the house is speculated to be a garden area, and the northern part is a courtyard area. The courtyard is symmetrically arranged in the central axis, with three roads in the east and west, and a total of five entrances in the middle road. Five large rammed earth platforms are distributed from the central axis to the south to the north, and are surrounded by walls (or corridors), which are presumed to be the residences of the Taiping Princess. In the southeast area, three courtyards side by side with east and west were found, and there were north-south passages between the courtyards, and there were pavilions (or buildings) at the northern end of the passage. The east road and middle road of the courtyard are both three entrances, which are speculated to be the Confucius Temple and the Guozijian respectively. The zhengpingfang site is a vivid example of the square system in the capital of the Tang Dynasty, and the pattern of the square connecting the north and south square gates of the T-shaped street seen by the excavation, as well as the symmetrical and multi-entry courtyard layout of the central axis, embodies the traditional urban planning ideas of ancient China and is of great value to the study of the history of the political system and social life history of the Tang Dynasty.
Gansu Wuwei Tuguhun Tomb Group is a Tang Dynasty Tuguhun royal family tomb group. Among them, the tomb of Murong Zhi, the xiwang king, is the only well-preserved tomb of the Tuguhun royal family found at present, and the laboratory archaeology has cleaned up and protected more than 800 pieces of various burial items such as textiles, painted pottery figurines, lacquered wood, etc., of which the wooden bed, the large bed, the six-curved screen, the model of the Lieji house, the complete set of armaments based on iron armor, pen, ink and paper, etc., are the first or rare discoveries of similar cultural relics in China in the same period, and the excavated Murong Zhi's epitaph mentions the existence of Tuguhun's "Great Khan's Mausoleum" for the first time. Machangtan M1, M2 and Changling M1 are all single-room brick chamber tombs of the long slope tomb, and the burial custom of the whole horse was found in the tomb road, and the "Tombstone of Mrs. Dang of Feng Yi County" was unearthed to record that the tomb group was the Tugu Hun Pengzi family cemetery. The tombs all have the basic characteristics of the tombs of high-ranking nobles in the Central Plains in the early and middle Tang Dynasty, and at the same time have the characteristics of Tuguhun culture, Tubo culture and northern grassland culture, which shows the historical process of exchanges, exchanges and integration of various ethnic groups along the ancient Silk Road in China, and is an important empirical evidence of the pattern of pluralism and integration of the Chinese nation.