As we all know, Qianlong can be said to have gone through several iterations and twists and turns in the matter of selecting the heir to the throne, and finally selected Yongyan as his successor at the age of Hua Jia. However, it turned out that the Jiaqing Emperor was not the one he most liked to inherit the ancestral lineage. Looking at the sons of Qianlong, the one who deserves the most high hopes is the fifth son of the emperor who loves Xinjue luo. Yong Qi, that is, the five brothers who are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in "Huan Zhu Ge Ge".
So what is the difference between the historical Yongqi and the film and television image? Yongqi had high hopes, but failed to become Qianlong's official successor, and what were the specific reasons? Next, Shi Haijun led everyone to analyze the real reasons for the loss of yongqi and the throne from the two major factors of objectivity and subjectivity, not that Qianlong had no intention of letting him succeed to the throne, but choosing the right person at the wrong time.
First, objective factors
1. The birth mother is not favored, and the position has not changed in 47 years
In 1714 (the 53rd year of the Kangxi Dynasty), on the fourth day of the first month of May, the Kerryet clan was born, and his father was Erjitu, who was then a member of the Outer Lang. Because of his humble origins, during the Yongzheng period, when the Kerryet clan entered the Hongli domain where the servant was still the body of the crown prince, it was only the status of Gege (a concubine). In 1735 (the thirteenth year of Yongzheng), when he had his 23rd son on August 23, the 58-year-old Yongzheng Emperor died, and ten days later (the third day of the first month of September), the 25-year-old fourth son, Prince Bao, succeeded to the throne, that is, the Qianlong Emperor.
After Qianlong ascended the throne, the old people of the original clan were collectively canonized, and the Coryet clan was enfeoffed with Hai Changzai on September 24 (again stating that his humble origins were not valued), and two years later on May 12 (1737, qianlong ii), he was promoted to Haiguiren. The Kerryet clan stayed in the noble throne for 4 years, and was not given the title of Concubine of Joy until the seventh birth of the fifth son of the Emperor Yongqi in the first half of February in 1741 (the sixth year of Qianlong).
Stills of Princess Joyce Curriette
Because his son Yongqi was young"
Good at riding and shooting, Chinese
So Yu Concubine was born on the twenty-third day of the first month in 1745 (the tenth year of Qianlong).
"Mothers are precious by their children
She was promoted to the rank of Princess Yu and became the lord of the First Palace, but from then on, she was not given the title of Honorary Concubine, and died on May 21, 1792 (Qianlong Fifty-seventh Year), at the age of 79, and remained a concubine for 47 years, until October 1793 (Qianlong Fifty-eighth Year) before being posthumously awarded the title of Princess Yu Guifei by Qianlong.
2. The Law of the Crown Prince of Miri was founded
On November 13, 1722 (the 61st year of Kangxi), Kangxi died at the age of 69, which made him the most painful in his life
"Nine sons take the wife."
After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, in order to prevent the recurrence of the seizure of the concubine, it was initiated in August 1723 (the first year of Yongzheng)"
Crown Prince Miri
For the first time, the list of crown princes of China and Italy was hidden in a secret box behind the Zhengda Guangming Plaque and carried with him, and when he died or died suddenly, the wang ministers and auxiliary ministers would make the results public.
Portrait of the Yongzheng Emperor
Logically, Qianlong should also follow the system set by his father to determine the future successor at the beginning of the succession, in fact, he did implement this move, but due to the unpoweredness of Yongqi's own maternal clan and his father Qianlong's unique method of advocating traditional reserves, even if he was talented, he failed to get his father's favor as the heir to the throne at the first time.
Second, subjective factors
1. Qianlong's unique traditional method of establishing reserves led to missed opportunities
The reason why it is unique here is because before Qianlong, whether it was Yongzheng's Mili Crown Prince or the previous method of succession, the first four emperors were all Shu chu (
Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong
By the beginning of July in 1736 (the first year of Qianlong), when the second Qianlong Li Chu was established, he thought of breaking the convention and deciding on the future successor with the traditional "Li Yuan Li Chang", under such rules, the eldest son (
The second son of the Emperor
Yong Lian became the undisputed candidate for the crown prince.
Of course, in addition to the traditional method of succession, Yonglian was able to gain favor on the one hand thanks to his own"
Smart and valuable, extraordinary
More importantly, thanks to his birth mother, Empress Xiaoxian, Fucha, as the love of Qianlong's life, Fucha's influence on him was enormous. Unfortunately, in the third year of Yonglian being made crown prince, that is, on October 12, 1738 (the third year of Qianlong), Yonglian died at the age of 9, and Qianlong and Empress Fucha were deeply distressed, and the matter of succeeding the crown prince was shelved.
Qianlong Rong costume
Eight years later, on the eighth day of April in 1746 (the eleventh year of Qianlong), Qianlong welcomed his second concubine, Yong Chun (永琮).
Second son, seventh son of the Emperor
The birth of this is overjoyed. Not only did he make an exception to spend the Shangyuan Festival in the Forbidden City before he was born (
As a rule, it should be moved to the Yuanmingyuan to spend the time
), and also made an exception when he was not yet one year old, he was named "Yong Chun" (
Normally, it is not named until the age of seven
Adhering to the meaning of the clan business, Qun Nai, like his brother Yong Lian, was placed high hopes by his father. Unfortunately, Yong Chun died prematurely in 1748 (December 29, 1748) due to pox (smallpox), at the age of 2, although Qianlong did not explicitly neutralize him as a prince in the secret will, but the intention of establishing him as a reserve was overflowing with words.
On March 11, 1748 (the thirteenth year of Qianlong), suffering from the loss of two sons in a row and her body was always weak, Empress Fucha died on the Royal Boat of Qingquefang in Dezhou, Shandong, at the age of 37. AiZi and his beloved wife left one after another, which made Qianlong feel inexplicably sad, and the matter of Li Chu was once again shelved.
Yongqi stills
In fact, at the time of empress Xiaoxian's death in 1748, there were six surviving princes of Qianlong, namely
Yong Huang (Emperor's eldest son), YongZhang (Emperor's third son), Yong Juan (Emperor's fourth son), Yong Qi (Emperor's fifth son), Yong Yao (Emperor's sixth son), Yong Xuan (Emperor's eighth son)
Among them, Yong Huang and Yong Zhang were above the funeral of Empress Xiaoxian"
There is no sadness
", was directly announced by Qianlong that there is no longer a reserve qualification, the remaining four people, with the five brothers Yongqi qualifications are the most outstanding, but due to the traditional storage method that has been in the early qianlong period, Yongqi Shengsheng missed the opportunity.
2. All-rounder of literature and martial arts, the first of the Qianlong princes to be crowned king before his death
Yong Qi's talent is not only reflected in the Eight Banners disciples' good riding and shooting, all astronomical calendars, arithmetic geography are proficient, can be described as a rare and valuable all-round talent in literature and martial arts, which is why Qianlong finally shifted his attention to Yong Qi's son after the death of the two concubines, just like his appearance back then, if the prince wants to get the favor of a father and emperor, the most important thing is"
Quite similar to the emperor
Obviously, Yongqi did this.
On the fifth day of the first month of May in 1763 (the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong), a sudden fire made Qianlong's impression of Yongqi even deeper. On the same day, Qianlong was in the Yuanmingyuan Jiuzhou Qingyan Hall to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival feast, but unexpectedly a fire broke out, the then 23-year-old Yongqi did not hesitate to carry his father out of the fire regardless of his own safety, in a critical moment can be done without thinking, Yongqi's filial piety can be seen, and Qianlong has always been a person who values filial piety. Because of this, on November 26, 1765 (the 30th year of Qianlong), Yongqi was given the title of Prince rong by his father.
Qianlong stills
First of all, Yongqi was the first of qianlong's sons to be made a prince before his death (
There were only three cases of crown princes who were crowned before their deaths
Secondly, the word "Rong" belongs to the most beloved meaning in the title, and qianlong's love for it can be seen from any angle, and after being crowned Prince Rong, the ministers at that time once thought that Yongqi was the person in the qianlong emperor's heart who most wanted to inherit his ancestral lineage.
3. Died young, and the emperor was very sorry
The so-called unpredictable storm in the sky, Yongqi, who was expected by all, died of illness four months after being crowned Prince Rong, that is, in the first eight days of March in 1766 (Qianlong thirty-first year), at the age of 26, at this time Qianlong regretted that he did not explicitly establish him as a reserve, it was too late, except to posthumously do it."
Prince Rongchun
There is nothing to express its regret. It was not until 1773 (the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong), at the suggestion of his ministers, that the 63-year-old Qianlong finally selected the fifteenth son of the emperor, Yongyan, as crown prince, but this was not his favorite move, until 1793 (the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong) when Ma Garni visited China, Qianlong also said: "
The fifth son of the Emperor (Yongqi) felt valuable among the sons, and his heart was quite interested in him, but he did not say it explicitly
At this time, 20 years have passed since Li Yongyan became crown prince, which fully demonstrates the important position of Yongqi in Qianlong's mind.
Shi Haijun said:
Looking at The method of establishing a reserve in Qianlong's life, from clinging to the system of establishing a concubine and establishing a long time, to the failure to establish a virtuous person, and then to the son of a concubine who is reluctant to set up a concubine for him, it can be described as entangled, and Yongqi is also because of the unpopularity of the mother clan and Qianlong's early persistence, resulting in even if he is deeply valued by his father, he is always one step away from the throne, and finally regrets for life.
However, although it was not satisfactory in the matter of inheritance, Yong Qi's own talent and omnipotence, looking at the entire Qianlong Dynasty princes, were difficult to match, even if they were like Yong Lian Yong Chun, it was difficult to compare with them in this regard.
Resources:
The Four Genealogies of the Qing Dynasty
"Cases of the Great Qing Dynasty"
Records of Emperor Sejongxian and Records of Emperor Gaozong
Zhao Erxun's Draft History of the Qing Dynasty. Sejong Benji", "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty. Gaozong Benji", "Qing History Manuscript. Volume 214. Column 1
Copyright note: This article is the author of the author "Shi Hai ZhenKe Bai Xiaosheng" original ownership, without authorization may not be reproduced plagiarism, violators will be investigated.