Han Chang'an City has a palace first, and then a city wall; the day Han Chang'an City is built, it is also the time when Han Chang'an City was destroyed
We generally have the impression that a city is first selected, draws a circle, and then proceeds simultaneously with the walls of the city palace houses. In fact, such a situation rarely happens in history, and this is the case in Han Chang'an City.
I have written in an article earlier, briefly introduce, the first Changle Palace is a palace (Xingle Palace) that renovated Qin, and the second palace is to build "Weiyang Palace" on Longshou Mountain. It was not until the time of his son Emperor Hui of Han that it took five years to build the city wall. After that, other buildings were completed successively, the most famous of which was the Jianzhang Palace built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the Jianzhang Road north of the Three Bridges was named after it.
Han Chang'an City covered an area of 36 square kilometers, three times the size of the current Ming Xi'an City, and was the largest capital city in the world at that time.
In the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang built many ceremonial buildings in the southern suburbs of Chang'an City - Zongmiao, Sheji, and Peiyong, and the construction as a complete capital city was completed, of course, along with Wang Mang's usurpation of Han, the Western Han Dynasty also disappeared in the long river of history. That is to say, the day han Chang'an City is built is the time of destruction.
Han Chang'an City not only served as the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, but also had 9 dynasties built capitals here
The Western Jin Dynasty, Former Zhao, Former Qin, Later Qin, Western Wei, and Northern Zhou all made Han Chang'an City the capital six times. For more than 130 years, the time of each capital was not long, the longest Former Qin was 35 years, and the shortest Western Jin Emperor huan was only 4 years, and they rebuilt some palaces in the Han Chang'an City, leaving some historical relics.
If you count the new Mang regime established by Wang Mang, you can also add a dynasty. At that time, Wang Mang changed "Chang'an" to "Chang'an", which lasted 15 years, which was not short. In addition, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo moved the capital to Chang'an with the Han XianDi, and the Han Chang'an City was also the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty for 6 years.
In fact, before the construction of Daxing City, Sui also claimed the title of emperor in Han Chang'an City, and did not move the capital until after Daxing City was built. Add these 3, that is to say, Han Chang'an City once served as the capital of 9 dynasties.
Due to the serious damage to the Han Chang'an City at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the original palaces could not be used directly, and most of these dynasties built some palaces in Chang'an City, resulting in some chaos in the palace ruins in the current Han Chang'an City. For example, the layout and structure of Han Chang'an Castle have changed, and Miyagi Castle has evolved from the south of the capital to the north, and the city has shifted from the south to the north.
Many experts believe that the ruins of LouGetai village are the imperial palaces of several dynasties, that is to say, when Emperor Wen of Sui became emperor, he ascended the throne at Lougetai. Another example is that in Weiyang District, there is a rammed earth platform foundation in the north of Wudian Village, and there is a saying that the rammed platform remains of this rammed platform are the foundation of the Wudian Temple in the Pre-Qin Period, which is the place where Jian Jian lectures on martial arts, so the nearby village is named Wudian Village. There is also a saying that this rammed platform is the remains of the Northern Zhou Zhengwu Hall, which is recorded in the Yuan "Chang'an Tuzhi" when listing false names: "Zhengwu Hall" is falsely rumored to be "Speaking of Wu Hall".
Han Chang'an City is also called Yangcheng, Yangjiacheng and Doucheng
After Yang Jian seized power in Northern Zhou, he built Daxing City. Tang built Tang Chang'an City on the basis of Daxing City, and the original Han Chang'an City was abandoned, since this was the place of Longxing surnamed Yang in the former dynasty, so the folk called "Yang City" and "Yang Family City". This title has been circulating in the folk for a long time, until the 1970s and 1980s, in the mouths of some old people, han chang'an is still called "Yangcheng", and the walls of Han Chang'an City are called "Yangchengling".
There is also a way to write "Yang Jiacheng", which should be "home" falsely rumored as "A", the accent of these two words is the same, and several stories of Yang Jian hanging on to the armor are fabricated.
In addition, as mentioned earlier, because han Chang'an City is a palace first, and then there is a city wall, so the southern wall of the palace area is curved like a south bucket, and the north side is bent like a big dipper because of the influence of the Wei River (in the Western Han Dynasty, the location of the Wei River is close to the Han Chang'an City), so it is also called "DouCheng", this name is loved by the literati, and the folk use it much.
Some people say that when the city was built, there was a kind of planning of "fighting city", which is a lot of thinking, which is purely coincidental.
Han Chang'an City has been used as a forbidden garden in the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties
Forbidden Garden is a collective name for the royal garden, the Forbidden Garden of the Tang Dynasty is very large, north to the Wei River, east to Chanba, west to the ruins of Han Chang'an City. Some of the place names left in the northern suburbs such as "Yanqiu Gate (Yanqiu Gate)" and "Guangda Gate (Guangtai Gate)" are the gates of the Forbidden Garden.
As a royal recreation place, some palace gardens must be built. Some emperors of the Tang Dynasty repaired some of the palaces at the Han Chang'an site and added some buildings for recreation. The "Chang'an Zhi" records that in the first year of Emperor Wuzong's huichang, he ordered the repair of Weiyang Palace and renamed the main hall "Tongguang Hall".
The most famous of the Forbidden Gardens is the "Ganye Temple". Ganye Temple is located on the south side of the ruins of the north wall of Han Chang'an City, when it was a royal temple, Zizhi Tongjian: "Taizong Beng, Wu Clan with the crowd of Ganye Temple as nuns." "These women who once served the emperor will not be casually sent to the folk monasteries.
The setting of the forbidden garden is a kind of protection for the ruins of Han Chang'an City, which has been the capital of the Han Dynasty for 800 years, so that it is exempt from farming, so that the remains of the former underground can be preserved.
Han Chang'an City was used as a tun bing camp during the Ming Dynasty
During the Ming Dynasty, Xi'an was an important town in the northwest, defending the interior, so a large number of soldiers were stationed. The military system of the Ming Dynasty was called the weishou military system. Most of the Weihe Institutes are located in military key areas, and the people in the area are called military households, which are under the jurisdiction of the Weihe Institutes, and have the obligation to be soldiers, and in peacetime farming, training in martial arts, and when there is a war, the imperial court will dispatch troops. The soldiers in the guard house are lifelong and have been passed down from generation to generation.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were a large number of health centers near Xi'an City, and there were many place names in the Xi'an area that used "Wei", "Wei", "Zhai". Because of the long-term abandonment of Han Chang'an City, there are many wastelands, and it is in the northwest corner of Xi'an City, and its location is important, so many military households are stationed.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, local garrisons were organized according to the sequence of divisions, guards, institutes, and flags. Dusi is in charge of the garrison of the province, and Dusi has jurisdiction over the guards. At that time, Xi'an set up two guards on the left and two in the rear, with 5600 troops per guard. The rear guard was stationed in the rear wall of present-day Sanqiao Town, guarding the westmost road of Xi'an Province, and the rear guard garrisoned here and named it Rear Guard Village, which was later falsely rumored to be the rear walled village. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were 1,120 troops under the military system, which was a thousand households. Zhongzhai (present-day Wu Gaoqiang) is named after the income of thousands of households in the south of the village.
In the Han Chang'an City, most of the Tunjun villages were located in the palace ruins area, closely linked, and most of them were named after the surnames of the leaders of the Tunjun army. In the ruins of Hanmingguang Palace, there are 4 villages such as East and West Yangjiazhai, Zhongguanzhai (now Zhongguanting), Doujiazhai and so on; there are 7 villages in the ruins of Changle Palace, such as East, West and Zhongchazhai, East and West TangZhai, Luojiazhai, Fanzhai and so on; inside and outside the ruins of Weiyang Palace, there are East and West Leaf Villages, East, West, South and North Ma Zhai (north Ma Zhai was destroyed by bing during the Qing Dynasty), Da Liu Zhai, Xiao Liu Zhai (formerly known as Xinglong Zhai), Ke Jia Zhai and other 9 villages; and there are 4 villages in the North Palace ruins, such as South and North Xu Zhai, He Jia Zhai, shi Jia Zhai and so on. A total of 24 villages. (The above is excerpted from the compilation committee of the Xi'an Local History Office)
I had the privilege of seeing the epitaphs of several thousand households behind the Right Guard of Xi'an, which clearly stated how they were transferred from the south to Xi'an.
During the Republic of China, the Han Chang'an City was planned as a ruins area
In 1932, the Nationalist government decided to take Xi'an as the capital, renamed Xijing, and set up the Xijing Preparatory Committee, which has been "preparing" for 13 years, mainly for the design and demonstration of xi'an urban planning.
In the "six major sub-districts" planned by the Preparatory Committee, the first is the "Cultural Monuments Area", which puts the cultural monuments area in the first place, and in the cultural monument area, the first mention is "Seoul in the northwest of the provincial capital for more than ten miles", and the ruins of Han Chang'an City are "the first of the first".
The planning of the cultural monument area is "proper preservation, so as to keep the monuments, and plant trees, organize them, and increase the interest in visiting".