Winter evening to the snow reminiscent of Hu Jushi's family
[Tang] Wang Wei
The cold is more clear about the arrow, and the mirror is clear.
The wind was terrifying, and the door was full of snow.
Sprinkle the air deep alley quietly, and accumulate the plains widely.
Borrowing Yuan Anshe, Heran was still closed.
Translations
The cold sound has already spread the dawn moment, and the mirror first sees his aging face.
The sound of the wind in the partition shook the bamboo in front of the window, and when I pushed the door, I saw that the snow covered the mountains opposite.
The air drifts quietly in the deep alleys, and the snow makes the courtyard more spacious and relaxed.
If you ask Hu Jushi what will happen to you at home, I think it is necessary to calmly lie high and the firewood door is still closed.
exegesis
Hu Jushi: The name of the biography is unknown. In ancient times, people who believed in Buddhism and did not leave home were also called laymen, also referred to as hermits.
Colder: The colder of the night. Tang Luobin Wang's poem "Don't Li Yu Victory Character": "The cold is more eternal, and the cool scenery is towards Qiu Cheng." "Xiao Arrow: The arrow that indicates the moment in the leaking pot at dawn, often borrowed to refer to the early morning time. Arrow: The arrow mark in the ancient timing instrument leaking pot, which is engraved with degrees, as the water in the leaky pot continues to drip, the scale on the arrow mark is revealed in turn, and it is reported according to the time. Tang Xuefeng's poem "Watching the Battle in Front of the Yuan Ri Building": "A thousand doors shudder lock han plum, five nights to loose the bell Xiao Arrow urge." ”
Clear mirror: Spiegel. Southern Dynasty Qi Xie Shuo's poem "Winter Xu Wei Hui Xiao Consulting Yu Tian Cao Liu Jiang Er Chang Shu": "Cold lantern Geng Xiao dream, QingJing sad XiaoFa." "Fading face: aging appearance." Sui Yin-style "Farewell Song Chang Waiter Poems": "Autumn sideburns contain frost white, and the fading face leans on wine red." ”
牖 (yǒu): Window. "Shuowen": Mu, through the wall to the wood as a window also. Duan Yu's note: "Those who cross the window are made of wood horizontally and straightly, that is, the window of the present." In the wall is the wall, in the house is the window. ”
Sprinkling: Refers to snow. According to the "New Languages and Speeches of the World", Xie An once gathered his sons and nephews together when it was snowing and asked them what the snow was similar to, and his nephew Xie Lang replied: "The difference in the air is comparable to sprinkling salt." ”
Accumulation: Snow. "Anthology of Xie Huilian "Snow Endowment": "Ji Su has not lost, day and day In Korea." Li Zhouhan's note: "The snow has not been sold, and the day is clear." "Wide hall. By extension, a place of openness. Guangting: Qing Zhu Shixuan's "Sending Ye Weiwen Nan Gui Preface": "The King of Yan Xuan dou qi the anger of the lord of the world, laughed at Guangting, and gao yang left. ”
Yuan An: Minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The character Shao Gong (袁安碑) is the summoning duke). A native of Runan, Ruyin (present-day shangshui, henan). One year, the snow fell more than a foot deep, and the poor people swept the snow out to beg for food, only the door of Yuan An's house was sealed by snow. Luoyang Ling thought he had frozen to death and ordered someone to sweep the snow in, but saw him lying on the bed sleeping. Asked why he didn't go out, he said, "Everyone is hungry on a snowy day, and we shouldn't go begging for help." "It is used here to refer to Hu Jushi.
Xiāo(翛) Ran: A natural, unrestrained appearance. "Zhuangzi Grand Master": "It is enough to go and come and go." Cheng Xuanyingshu: "Oh, no appearance also." ”
Appreciation
The first six sentences of this poem write about the silence of the mountain residence, the tranquility of the snow scene, and the love for the snow at the end, which is naturally triggered in such a specific environment as thinking of friends in the snow.
The first joint battle, "cold more" to "clear mirror", "clear mirror to see the decline" has a sense of twilight. Writing about what he saw when he opened the door, he first flashed back the noise he heard at night: "The wind in the air was frightening", and then he buckled back to the scene he saw in front of him: "Opening the door and the snow is full of mountains", the poetry is full of ups and downs, and it is full of curiosity. The neck link continues to write about snow, from the air to the ground, especially showing the idleness brought by morning snow. Conveying the ubiquitous cold through the snow scene, it is ready to rewrite the memory of Hu Jushi. Wei Lian uses the allusion of Yuan An Lying Snow to refer to Hu Jushi, and uses imaginative techniques to express the author's admiration and remembrance of this virtuous and stubborn Hu Jushi.
The middle of this poem is a famous sentence for writing snow scenes. Ordinary people are good at using goose feather willow silk (such as Xie Daoyun), broken Qiong Chaoyu (such as Shi Nai'an) and so on to write snow scenes. Wang Wei writes snow, the pen and ink are ethereal, and the feeling is delicate and layered. The poet first wrote from the ear of the pen, writing that he heard the sound of the wind blowing bamboo through the window at night; then wrote about the visual vision: when he opened the door in the morning, he found that the snow had covered the mountain. "Wind listening to bamboo" has a sound, "snow full of mountains" has color, the realm is empty, and the poet's action of "listening" and opening the door to "see" is tightly linked, and the inner feeling of a shock and a sigh is like an immersive scene. In the next couplet, the word "sprinkling the air" imitates the dynamics, depicting the state of snowflakes flying in the air and flying in the air; the word "Jisu" is written quietly, showing that a thick layer of snow has accumulated on the ground. "Deep Alley Quiet" and "Guangting Idle" render the silence of the deep alley and the guangting environment in the snowy night, conveying the poet's state of mind. Through the four verbs and adjectives of "shock", "full", "quiet" and "idle", the poet meticulously expressed his thought changes in the snowy night. Wang Wei draws on the artistic experience of his predecessors in writing snow, and also uses the expression method of not sticking to objects and purely from the impression of feeling to light ink, to paint a cold, silent and sound, light color, dynamic and angry night snow map.
The theme and artistic conception of this poem have a certain influence on the later Dali poet Wei Yingwu's famous works such as "Sending All Jiaoshan Daoists" and "Sending Qiu Twenty-two Members of Qiu on Autumn Night".
Source: Tang poetry song poetry ancient poems