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As a Weiguo nobleman, Lady Xu Mu grew up in Weidu Chaoge, and it is rumored that she likes to fish and swing boats by the Qi Water, and there are still many "Lady Xu Mu Fishing Places" along the Qi River. Judging from the future marriage situation, the marriage form of her parents did not have a negative impact on her boudoir life, and she also deservedly inherited her mother's beauty. But how did Madame Xu Mu grow into a poet?
1. Mrs. Xu Mu's environment
Externally, the Spring and Autumn Period was an era of extreme literary style in Chinese history, almost all forms of wisdom developed and matured in this period, and the luguo that most completely preserved the literary quality of the Zhou Dynasty culture was also a close neighbor of Wei, and the cultural influence could not be underestimated; internally, Wei Ben was the first country of Kang Shu, the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou, and the culture of Wei Guo itself was characterized by typical Zhou culture, and the land that was sealed was also the place where the culture was relatively developed, and the cultural heritage was naturally relatively deep, and the Book of Poetry was naturally deeper. The relatively large number of national songs received and the large number of famous pieces are also examples.
Further as far as the Weiguo Sect Is Concerned, it is said that the poem "Shuoren" was composed by The Mother of Zhuang Jiang, The Grandmother of Lady Xu Mu, and "Green Clothes", "Yan Yan", "Sun And Moon", and "Final Wind" are also considered to be the works of Zhuang Jiang himself by the "Preface to Mao's Poems". Although this theory has not been confirmed by the academic circles, it is enough to prove that the literary atmosphere of the Weiguo is quite strong.
Poets must also have thoughts in addition to literary talents, as evidenced by an anecdote from Madame Xu Mu's maidenhood recorded in Liu Xiang's Biography of the Daughters of Lie.
The Biography of Renzhi records:
Lady Xu Mu, daughter of Duke Wei Yi, lady of Duke Xu Mu. In the beginning, Xu asked for it, Qi also asked for it, and Yi Gong would be with Xu. The woman said to her mother- "There are women among the princes of the ancients, so they play with them and are tied to the aid of the great powers." If in this world, the strong are strong, if there is a matter of Kou Rong on the border, Wei is the reason for the four parties, to tell the big country, the concubine is not more? Close and far away, away from the big and attached to the small, once there is a difficulty in driving, who can worry about the society?"
Wei Hou did not listen, but married Xu. After that, the Zhai people attacked the guard, and the great destruction, and Xu could not be saved, so Wei Hou ran away, wading south of the river, to Chuqiu. Qi Huan went to exist, and the city of Chuqiu lived. Wei Hou then repented and did not speak. When defeated, Lady Xu rushed to mourn The Marquis of Wei and wrote a poem because of her illness:
"Carry the ride, return to the Marquis of Wei." Driving the horses leisurely, talking about Cao. The doctor trekked, and my heart was worried. Neither I nor I can turn back. I don't think away. ”
Let's ignore Liu Xiang's mistakes about Madame Xu Mu's life in the text, and only look at her sober thinking.
For women in the Spring and Autumn Period, the most important added value in marriage is by no means the happiness of the individual, but the interests of the home country. Lady Xu Mu, who grew up in an aristocratic family and had such a unique background, had long understood this and was already ready to make corresponding dedication and sacrifice for the country.
The wisdom of Lady Xu Mu was that she knew clearly that the main purpose of marriage between princes was to "aid the great powers" and that it was the most unwise move to "give up the near and stay far away, away from the big and attach to the small".
From this conclusion alone, we can see that although Lady Xu Mu is a woman, she really has the foresight and foresight to not let The Eyebrows be raised and even far better than the Men with the Eyebrows like Wei Hou, and also has extraordinary insight into politics and military affairs.
History proves that the prophecy of Mrs. Xu Mu when she was not married became an unfortunate fact some years later. In the second year of min gong, that is, in 660 BC, the army of the Di people rushed to Weiguo.
The calamity caused by the father's seizure of children and wives at the time of the emperor was only a common palace dispute at that time, and it was far from the tragic consequences of the Rebellion of Li Ji of the Jin Dynasty, but the di people who came to attack when Wei Yigong came to power after Wei Huigong were no longer internal worries but external troubles.
With the changes in the situation in the world, the Di people have long been unwilling to live in a corner. At that time, Inuyasha was able to kill King Zhou You under Mount Li, and the Di people were certainly not willing to show weakness, hoping to attack the so-called orthodox forces in the Central Plains and seize every opportunity to expand their own power.
In the previous year of the Wei Dynasty, they began to try to attack Wei's close neighbor Xingguo, but it was only because of the intervention of the State of Qi that they failed.
Because of the evil consequences sown by Wei Yigong and haohe, the situation of the war was certainly not conducive to defending the country, and "Di Jinwei" almost became an inevitable end. Even if Li Dai Gong Yu Cao was only a small court with a partial peace, people could only face a precarious situation in which it was difficult to finish the eggs under the nest, and the survival of Wei Zhi was still precarious.
It was not until Duke Huan of Qi sent troops that the situation was controlled and then recorded in the "Second Year of Zuo Chuan and Gong Gong":
In the first year of the reign of Qi, duke Huan of Qi moved to Yiyi. In the second year, he was enfeoffed in Chuqiu. Xing moved as if he had returned home, and the defenders forgot their deaths. Wei Wengong's cloth is clothed, the crown of the great cloth, the training of farmers, trade and favorment, the respect for teaching and persuasion, and the teaching of talents. In the first year, there are 30 cars, and the quarter year is 300 times.
When Duke Wei Dai took the throne, he died and Duke Wen succeeded him, and Duke Wen ruled the country diligently and frugally, exerted great efforts to govern, greatly increased the national strength, and later annexed the state of Xing, so that the State of Wei showed a trend of rejuvenation. In order to avoid the intrusion of the Di people, The Defender Chenggong then moved to Diqiu (present-day southwest of Puyang), and after more than a hundred years of recuperation, he once again showed a prosperous scene.
Entering the Warring States, Wei became the last Zhou Dynasty feudal state to perish.
2. How patriotic is she?
Mrs. Xu Mu is recognized in the history of literature as "the earliest female poet in China". Bai Shouyi's "General History of China and Women" believes: "There are many poems in "Poetry and National Style" that sing about women, and many may also be written for women themselves. But until now, the poems that can confirm the names of female authors are the only poems given by Mrs. Xu Mu, "Zai Chi".
In terms of the time of making the poems alone, Madame Xu Mu's "Zai Chi" is three hundred and more decades earlier than Qu Yuan's "Leaving the Troubles". Not only that, she preceded Sappho, the first female poet in the West (c. 630-612 BC), decades earlier.
"Mao Shi, Feng Feng, Zai Chi Sequence" Yun:
"Zai Chi", Mrs. Xu Mu also made it. Min Qi's ancestral state was subverted, self-injury could not be saved, Wei Yigong was destroyed by the Di people, the people of the country were scattered, exposed in Caoyi, the death of Xu Mu's wife Min Wei, the wound was small, the strength could not be saved, thinking of his brother, and could not be righteous, so the endowment was shiye. ”
Carry the ride and drive, return to the Marquis of Wei. Driving the horses leisurely, talking about Cao. The doctor trekked, and my heart was worried.
Neither I nor I can turn back. I don't think away.
Neither I Jia, can not spin? I don't think about it, I can't think about it.
Zhi Pi Achu, words and flies. Women are kind and have their own deeds. The people are especially arrogant, and the crowd is crazy.
I walk in the wilderness, and I do the wheat. Controlled by the great state, who is extremely because of whom?
Doctor gentleman, no I have you. What I think is not as good as I am.
Zhu Xi believes that this poem was written by Lady Xu Mu on her way to Cao, but on the way she was dissuaded by Xu Guo's doctor and forced to return to Xu to compose it, which is similar to the "Preface to Mao's Poems". Wang Xianqian's "Collection of Poems of the Three Families of Righteousness" and some scholars today believe that this poem was composed after Lady Xu Mu arrived in Caoyi.
In fact, there are several important questions at any time when this poem was written that deserve our deep consideration:
First, why did Lady Xu Mu insist on "returning to the Marquis of Wei"; second, why did her behavior lead to "Xu Ren Youzhi"; third, how did her purpose of "controlling the great state" be achieved; fourth, what would be the situation of Lady Xu Mu's life in Xu Guo in the future?
When the weiguo was broken by the Di people, the plaything Wei Yigong also showed some of the dignity of the monarch and was able to "not go to his flag".
His emissaries, of course, were to hurry to the nations concerned, either for notice or for help.
At this time, the first to react was the Song Kingdom, who had an in-law relationship, because Lady Xu Mu's sister was The Duke of Song Huan, so there was a timely rescue of "and defeat, Song Huan Duke rebelled against the rivers, Xiao Ji", and established Wei Dai Gong Yu Cao (漕). Song was Wei's neighbor, which also confirmed the correctness of Lady Xu Mu's view that "it is not advisable for princes to marry women from near and far".
When the news of the demise of Weiguo spread across Zheng Guo to the relatively distant State of Xu, we can imagine what kind of disputes had occurred between Xu Mugong and his wife from Weiguo. Lady Xu Mu, who always had the heart to defend the country, was inevitably overwhelmed in the face of the tragic scene of the destruction of the country and the death of the family, and she would inevitably ask Xu Mugong to send troops to rescue the guards at the first time, but Xu Mugong, who was timid and afraid of things and feared the Di people, must have rejected her on the grounds that the national strength was not good and the road was far away (this is indeed the truth).
Therefore, Lady Xu Mu, who was heartbroken and indignant, resolutely said in the poem that she wanted to "carry the drive and return to weihou", she wanted to go back to see the ruined homeland in person, and also to express a strong protest against Xu Mugong's indifference.
3, it is not difficult to think of a poignant evening scene
According to the etiquette of that era, the daughter who married when her parents were no longer in the church had no chance to return to Ning (the woman returned to her mother's home to save her relatives), because the sisters would eventually marry one after another, and the brothers were the "outsiders" who had been separated when the "men and women were seven years old". Lady Xu Mu was such a married daughter.
This means that in terms of ceremonial status, she will never have to and can never return to the defense of the country. However, at the time of the destruction of the country and the death of the family, a "ritual" word could not stop the wave of "love" in Mrs. Xu Mu's chest, so she wanted to embark on the road back to China without hesitation. Although the "You" of the Xu people has a favorable basis for etiquette, it is difficult to hide their true intention of being afraid of provoking the fire.
Judging from the "Zuo Biography", this Lady Xu Mu, who later saved the Wei state in a sense, should be xuanjiang's youngest daughter.
Xuanjiang, on the other hand, married Zhaobo after the year of The Hui Dynasty, and Huigong died after thirty-one years on the throne, and his son Duke Yi died after nine years in power, which means that Lady Xu Mu at the time of the "Zaichi" was only in her early thirties at most, and it was really extraordinary to have this arrogance.
However, when Lu Xun asked "what will happen to Nala after she leaves", now we have to ask "what will happen after Madame Xu Mu returns to Xu". As a daughter who has been married, Weiguo has no place for her, and her life can only be in Xuguo.
And the contradiction between her and Xu Mugong on the matter of saving the guard may not be very easy to resolve.
It was a polygamous society, "the princes married nine women", and the lady in the context of polygamy only had her seemingly noble status, but it never meant that she would be favored by her husband.
If King Chu Wu still admired Deng Man's wisdom and Wei Dinggong still needed Ding Jiang's support, then Lady Xu Mu's talent and courage were probably not what a timid man like Xu Mugong needed.
We can almost say that Mrs. Xu Mu, who returned to Xu Guo, will live in desolation and misery, and eventually die with the dream of reviving and defending the country.
Before she dies, she may still see the fishing rod of Qi Shui and the happy face of her sisters in front of her eyes, but it can only be nothing more.
(End of text)
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