Since mankind began to record history, society has completed the transition from "matrilineal" to "patrilineal", so in the vast sea of history, all we can see is the history of male superiority and female inferiority.
Who was the first poet in history? Presumably, many friends who mention this question will invariably answer: Qu Yuan. As everyone knows, as early as three hundred years before Qu Yuan's birth, the female poet Lady Xu Mu was born.
Mrs. Xu Mu was later praised as "the first female poet in ancient and modern times", and the "first" here is not only her flying literary style, but also her "originator" status in the circle of female poets. Of course, before Madame Xu Mu, there were many poets whose names existed in the Book of Poetry, and their names cannot be verified today.
Born in a patriarchal society, it is a great sadness for this ancient female poet, who is involuntarily involved in her life, and even her posthumous affairs are subject to patriarchy. We have no way of knowing who Mrs. Xu Mu's surname is, but only because she married Xu Mugong, so later she gave her the name of Lady Xu Mu.
The most proud thing in life is to leave a name in Qingshi, but Mrs. Xu Mu has not even been able to leave her real name, which is really a pity.
One
In the few words of the "Biography of the Daughters of Lie", we can roughly sort out a clue about Madame Xu Mu's life, and then combine it with other historical materials to verify, and finally sort out the vague background of Mrs. Xu Mu's life.
In the third volume of the Biography of the Daughters of Lie, the Biography of Ren zhi, it is stated: "Lady Xu Mu, the daughter of Duke Wei Yi, and the wife of Duke Xu Mu. According to this passage, many scholars have understood Lady Xu Mu as the daughter of Duke Wei Yi, which is actually undefended.
According to other historical records, some people also said that Lady Xu Mu was the sister of Duke Wei Yi, which was also imprecise. The reason why there are many difficult mysteries in Lady Xu Mu's life is entirely because her generation in the clan room is quite complicated.
Combined with the records in various historical sources and excluding those who have discrepancies, what we can confirm is that Madame Xu Mu's mother is Qi Xuanjiang.
Of course, it is difficult for women of that era to leave their names in the annals of history, which is a pronoun like Madame Xu Mu.
Qi Xuanjiang, as the name suggests, is a woman surnamed Jiang who was born in the State of Qi and married to Wei Xuangong, and her father is the less well-known Duke of Qi. Qi Xuanjiang and her sister Qi Wenjiang were two of the most beautiful beauties of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, so much so that their reputation during their lifetime should be similar to that of Xi Shi.
But why didn't the sisters become among the "Four Beauties" of Chinese history?
Most of the reasons are due to their integrity.
It is said that between Qi Wenjiang and Qi Xianggong, there is an ambiguous love history. You must know that Qi Xianggong is Qi Wenjiang's brother, and this kind of behavior of the two is completely chaotic, and it will not be accepted by public opinion in any era. Even after Qi Wenjiang married Duke Huan of Lu, the woman still maintained ambiguous contacts with her brother regardless of her integrity and reputation.
The reason why the scandal between the two was "exposed" was that Lu Huangong visited the State of Qi.
The monarch went abroad for diplomatic activities, and Qi Wenjiang, as the wife of Lu Guo, naturally had to accompany him. The two came together to Qi Wenjiang's mother's home, Qi Guoguo, which provided a hotbed for the resurgence between Qi Wenjiang and Qi Xianggong.
The historical records do not record this scandal in detail (if it is too straightforward, it will inevitably become a dirty history), only that Lu Huangong broke the adulterous affair between his wife and Qi Xianggong.
However, Duke Lu Huan is after all the king of a country, how honorable is his status? Therefore, he did not have a seizure on the spot in the State of Qi, but chose to swallow his anger. Although Lu Huangong, who was wearing a green hat, chose to hide his hair, the dog men and women did not intend to let Lu Huangong go.
After that, The Duke of Qi Xiang made "good intentions" to lu huan and sent someone to use a carriage to bring lu huan into the palace. During this period, the two coachmen arranged by Qi Xianggong killed Lu Huangong alive on the carriage.
This kind of scene is estimated to be similar to the UFC scene in the United States.
The monarch was killed by an adulterer and an adulteress, and the news spread in the Central Plains, and the people of Lu were indignant and wanted to make Qi Wenjiang, an adulteress, pay the price. Qi Wenjiang killed her husband, and she naturally did not dare to return to Luguo to accept the condemnation of public opinion, and it was estimated that the masses of Luguo could drown her with one spit.
The three poems in the book of poetry, "Qi Feng Zai Drive", "Qi Feng Qi", and "Qi Feng Nanshan" are poems that satirize Qi Nuwen Jiang and her half-brother Qi Xianggong fornication.
The first song "Qi Feng · Driving":
The load is thin and thin, and the beard is thick. Lu Dao has a swing, Qi Zi Fa Xi.
Four Li Ji Ji, weeping. Lu Dao has a swing, Qi Zi Brother.
Wenshui soup soup, pedestrian Peng Peng. Lu Dao has a swing, And Qi Zi soars.
Wenshui gushing, pedestrians are crowded, Lu Dao has a swing, Qi Zi you Ao.
The second song "Qi Feng And We":
We are in the beam, its fish bream. Qi Zi returns to the end, and its departure is like a cloud.
We are in the beam, its fish bream. Qi Zi returned to the end, and its from the rain.
We are in the beam, and its fish is only. Qi Zi returns to the end, and its from like water.
The third song "Qi Feng Nanshan":
Nanshan Cui Cui, Male Fox Sui Sui. Lu Dao has a swing, Qi Zi by return. Both the end of the destination, the end of the twilight and the end of the nostalgia?
Ge Di five two, crown double stop. Lu Dao has a swing, Qi Zi is mediocrity. Is it both a mediocrity and a culmination?
What about hemp? Weigh from its acres. What about taking a wife? Parents must be told. Both stop and bow?
What about salary analysis? Bandit axe is not grams. What about taking a wife? Bandits are not allowed. Both stop and stop?
The whole poem of Qi Feng Zai Drive has four chapters, four sentences in each chapter, mainly describing the scene of Wen Jiang and Qi Xianggong's meeting on the way. This poem mostly uses double-voice overlapping rhymes and repeated chants, which sets off the characteristics of people and things, strengthens the musicality and rhythm of the poem, and uses pure endowment in technique, not bixing, but gentle and ironic, with strong charm.
The poem "Qi Feng And Qi Feng" has three chapters, four sentences in each chapter, and the poem uses the entourage as numerous as clouds, rain, and water, metaphorically for Wen Jiang's frequent exchanges with his brother, and alluding to Wen Jiang's absurd and shameless behavior. The whole poem is heavy chapters and sentences, one singing and three sighs, implicit and elegant, and the language is shallow and deep.
"Qi Feng Nanshan" has four chapters of poems, six sentences in each chapter, the first two chapters reprimanding Wen Jiang for not returning to the State of Qi, and the last two chapters ridiculing Lu Huangong. Using a metaphor that is appropriate to the image, when expressing issues involving politics and the monarch, use obscure and tortuous pen and ink to satirize the needle, avoiding too blunt and revealing, and at the same time, the reference is clear, and the inner meaning is available.
Later, Qi Wenjiang's son succeeded to the throne as the Duke of Luzhuang. Duke Lu Zhuang did not dare to take his mother back to China, and could only negotiate with his uncle Qi Xianggong, and the two decided to settle Qi Wenjiang in the border between Qilu and Lu, which could not only ensure the safety of Qi Wenjiang, but also facilitate Lu Zhuanggong's visit to his mother and Qi Xiang's public and private lovers.
Until the internal turmoil in Qi, the Duke of Qi Xiang was slaughtered by his subordinates, and the lascivious Qi Wenjiang was finally settled down. At this time, several years had passed since she and her adulterer had murdered Lu Huangong, and most of the people had forgotten about this scandal, so Qi Wenjiang was taken back to the old city by Lu Zhuanggong. Whether there was a similar incident between mother and son like Zheng Zhuang Gong Huang Quan's meeting with his mother, no one knows. In short, after Qi Wenjiang returned to the State of Lu, he began to help his son govern the imperial government, and the general state was well organized.
Later, in the foreign war of the Lu state, Qi Wenjiang also commanded the Lu army to fight several victorious battles. Because of this, Qi Wenjiang more or less saved some reputation. In later generations, when discussing her adulterous nature, she also relished her talents. I remember watching a work called "The Best Bad Woman in History" a few years ago, which told the story of Qi Wenjiang.
Two
Mrs. Xu Mu's sister-in-law had a mixed reputation and was a lascivious military man, while her mother was more unlucky. If Qi Wenjiang's fornication is out of initiative, then Qi Xuanjiang's fornication is forced to be helpless.
In the early years, the Duke of Qi gave Qi Xuanjiang Xu to the eldest son of Wei Xuan's family, who knew that this Wei Xuangong was an old ghost who actually did such an ugly act as "picking ashes".
How lustful Wei Xuangong is, I think everyone has heard about it long ago, he is the number one old hooligan in the history of Spring and Autumn. As early as when Duke Wei Xuangong had not yet ascended the throne, he maintained an unclear relationship with his father's concubine, and his son Ling was born to Xiao Ma.
Before Qi Xuanjiang married into WeiGuo, Wei Xuangong, an old rogue, heard of the name of his daughter-in-law. Before Qi Xuanjiang's carriage arrived at Weiguo, Wei Xuangong was already impatient, and he ordered people to build a high platform on the bank of the Yellow River.
Why build a high platform?
It is in the name of cruising the Yellow River that the bride's car rut is intercepted here and a "drop bag plan" is staged.
The result was that as soon as Qi Xuanjiang's front foot reached the Yellow River, he was dragged by Wei Xuangong into the newly repaired high platform, so that Wei Xuangong rushed to become a groom in front of his son.
Why, after the pre-Qin Dynasty, many literati have stood up to advocate the revival of the Zhou Li? It is because, without the constraints of etiquette, the relationship between men and women in the aristocratic clan is simply too chaotic. Even in the Han and Tang dynasties, which had a sound etiquette, they would end up with the indecent evaluation of "dirty Tang and stinky people", let alone those eras without etiquette constraints?
Fortunately, the eyes of the masses were shining, and the people of the Spring and Autumn Period were quite disdainful of Wei Xuangong's behavior, so some people wrote the story of this gray-picking father-in-law into a poem "Shao Feng Xintai":
Xintai has a water, and the river is watery. Yan Wan's request, the mushroom is not fresh.
Xintai has sprinkles, and the river water is muddy. Yan Wan's request, the mushroom is not killed.
The fishing net is set up, and the hong is far away. Yan Wan's request, get this kind of charity.
This poem was created by the poet from the perspective of Qi Xuanjiang: a young girl to be married, seeing a gorgeous platform that has just been built on the bank of the Yellow River, and thought that her husband was ready to meet the construction of himself. Unexpectedly, what awaited her was not the handsome and dashing Fei Gongzi, but wei Xuangong, a bad old man. Encountering this kind of thing is like casting a net in the water to catch a toad, which is disgusting.
What Wei Xuangong did, even if we were born in the open era, could not help but spit twice. In this poem, the description of Wei Xuangong as an old and ugly white-haired old man is actually loose. Combined with the historical records, Wei Xuangong was not too old when he occupied his daughter-in-law this year, after all, he advocated early marriage and early childbearing at that time. Therefore, Wei Xuangong's ugliness is by no means in appearance, but mainly in his behavior.
Gongzi Ling was born of Wei Xuangong's with his father's concubine, and now this Wei Xuangong has done such an ugly thing as seducing his daughter-in-law. The same thing is repeated in the same man' body, and it is no wonder that people want to reduce him to a toad.
Whether Wei Xuangong was a middle-aged handsome man of Ji Yu Xuan Ang or a bad old man who was half-cut into the ground, Qi Xuanjiang had no choice. As a female streamer, she can only do very limited, and can only be pushed by the waves like duckweed.
Wei Xuangong snatched his son's wife, who had not passed through the door, and as the eldest son of the son, there was no way to turn his face to Lao Tzu. A few years later, Qi Xuanjiang gave birth to two sons for Duke Xuan of Wei, Gongzi Shou and Gongzi Shuo.
Judging from the description of the literature, Qi Xuanjiangsheng's brothers have very different personalities, Gongzi Shou is a kind and kind person, and Gongzi Shuo is a villain with a very deep heart.
After the two princes reached adulthood, Wei Xuangong also passed the age of flower armor and became white. At this time, even if Wei Xuangong had the heart to hunt Yan, he did not have the physical strength and energy, and there was only one "to-do" left in his life, that is, to choose a successor early and hand over the society to the young people.
There are three candidates for succession:
One is the unlucky egg mentioned above, that is, the eldest prince that Qi Xuanjiang originally wanted to marry;
The other two were Qi Xuanjiang's sons Gongzi Shou and Gongzi Shuo.
Gongzi Shuo had a bad stomach, and after hearing that his father was going to start choosing a successor, he immediately found his mother Qi Xuanjiang and said to her: "Mother, if you let you inherit your father's throne in the future, I am afraid that our mother and daughter will all suffer." If you think about it, when you were going to marry the man who was going to marry you, you didn't expect to let your father take the lead, and if you had the power in the future, how could you give up? ”
Qi Xuanjiang listened, and this was reasonable.
Her love was at the mercy of others, so she invested all her feelings on her two sons. Qi Xuanjiang was most afraid of the accident between Gongzi Shou and Gongzi Shuo, so he rushed to Find Shangwei Xuangong and provoked the relationship between him and the eldest prince.
In fact, before Qi Xuanjiang's action, Gongzi Ling had already received the news. It was none other than Qi Xuanjiang's other son, Gongzi Shou. He could not get along with his half-brother Gongzi Shuo, but he had a good relationship with his half-brother. When Gongzi Shou heard that his mother and brother were plotting to kill Gongzi Ling, he immediately came to the door to make him ready.
Gongzi is a man of upright character, adhering to the creed that "the king calls the subject to die, and the father calls the son to die", firmly believing that the father will not embarrass himself.
In fact, just when the eldest prince thought so, Wei Xuangong's killer was already on his way. Gongzi Shou saw that his brother was very stupid and naïve, and he made up his mind to sacrifice his life to save him. Gongzi Shou invited Gongzi Ling to have a drink, poured him drunk on the table, and then went out to "meet" the killer in Gongzi Ling's clothes.
In that era, when there was no camera, the killers could not identify the identity of the assassination target, so they killed Gongzi Shou, who was disguised as a servant.
Don't be busy lamenting the great benevolence and righteousness of Gongzi Shou, this matter is not over.
In other words, this Gongzi Ling was also a person of great affection and righteousness, and after he woke up drunk, he finally reacted that Gongzi Shou wanted to save himself, and quickly put on his clothes and ran to the official road.
Gongzi Ling's reaction was a little slow, so when he arrived, Gongzi Shou's body had been carried away by the killers. Therefore, Gongzi Ling found someone to borrow a fast horse, immediately caught up with several killers, and did a jaw-dropping thing.
Gongzi Ling said to the killer, "You killed the wrong person, I am the Gongzi Ling you want to kill, hurry up and return Gongzi Shou's body to me!" "When the killer saw it, he couldn't help but look at each other, and the prince who had escaped the disaster actually took the initiative to come to the door, how could he let it go? Therefore, the killers divided by two three times and five, and killed the prince again.
The brotherhood of that era was precious, so in order to commemorate the brothers who were very affectionate, people created a song for them, "Shao Feng, Second Son Riding on a Boat":
The second son took a boat and panned the scenery. May the words be thought of the son, and the center be nurtured!
The son was in the same boat and died in a general way. May words be thought of, not flawed and harmful?
The two men took a lonely boat and gradually drifted into the distance. Thinking of both of you deeply, my heart is filled with sorrow. The two of them took a small boat and gradually went farther and farther. I miss you both dearly and wish you all well and peace. ”
"Mao Shi Preface" Yun: "The Second Son Rides on the Boat, Si Ling, Shou Ye." The second son of Wei Xuangong, vying for death, the people of the country were wounded and thought about it, and the composition was poetry. "Every time I read this poem, the author is full of emotions. Although this poem is about the elegant affair of two young princes riding together, it is contrasted with the fact that Gongzi Shou and Gongzi Ling were killed, as stated in the last sentence of the poem. These two kind and righteous young people are not at fault, can they survive in another way? The answer is no, the past is no more, everything is like the Yellow River water flowing east to the sea, and it can never be repeated.
There is a saying that "good people do not live long, and evil lives for a thousand years", which is not false at all in this matter.
Gongzi Shou and Gongzi Shuo were both martyred, and Gongzi Shuo became the biggest winner. This boy effortlessly killed two major stumbling blocks on the road to the throne. Gongzi Shou was young and personable, and both Wei Xuangong and Qi Xuanjiang had high hopes for him, and his death also caused Wei Xuangong a huge blow. Before Wei Xuangong could organize the funeral for his two sons, he fell ill in bed and fell ill, and within a few days he drove the crane back to the west.
After the death of Duke Xuan of Wei, the only prince who remained in the country was Gongzi Shuo, so he naturally inherited the throne of the state and became a prince of the party, for the duke of Wei Hui.
The things that Wei Huigong had done before he ascended to the throne had long been rumored in China, and in addition, his narrow-mindedness had offended many people, so the scholars and ordinary people did not buy his account.
It didn't take long for the weiguo scholars to collectively support Gongzi Ling's half-brother Gongzi Qianmu to ascend to the throne, and Duke Hui of Wei was replaced. Wei Huigong was expelled from WeiGuo and ran to the State of Qi with a gray face and cried to his uncle.
Due to the confusion in the relationship between this big family, everyone may have forgotten that Qi Xianggong was Wei Huigong's uncle.
As the king of a country, Qi Xianggong had his own plans.
Whenever neighboring countries encounter such heir disputes, the great powers always have to gain some benefits by supporting an heir, not to mention that this prince Shuo is still his own nephew.
Therefore, Qi Xianggong did not say a word, and immediately mobilized a group of people and horses for Gongzi Shuo to let him go home to avenge. In this way, Wei Huigong killed the Wei kingdom with great anger and recaptured the position of monarch. However, Wei Huigong was a short-lived guy, and not long after regaining power, he suffered from a vicious disease and returned to the west in the praise of the people of Weiguo.
As soon as Wei Huigong died, it was Qi Xianggong's turn to be embarrassed.
The purpose of his supporting his nephew was to hope that Gongzi Shuo would give himself a benefit after he became the monarch again, and now that Wei Huigong was dead, the unseemly transactions that had been previously decided were naturally blown up, but instead let Qi Xianggong offend the Weiguo wang clan. At this time, Qi Xianggong had no idea, so he wanted to use his sister Qi Xuanjiang to squeeze out the beauty value of her as much as possible, and use the widowed sister to act as a bridge between the Qi state and the Wei country.
Later, Duke Xiang of Qi gave his sister Qi Xuanjiang Xu to Duke Wei's son Gongzi Yong,because he had previously been given the title of Zhaobo by Duke Hui of Wei, so the people of the time also called him "Zhaobo Stubborn". The embarrassing thing is that this Zhao Bo is not someone else, it is the half-brother of the gongzi who was killed before. The relationship is a mess that makes it impossible to sort it out.
Let's not say that the Weiguo masses and the Qi people at that time did not agree to this marriage, and these two parties alone may not approve of it. Some historical sources say that Qi Xuanjiang was unwilling to lower his generation to marry Zhaobo Stubborn, and Qi Xianggong ordered people to prepare a wine feast to get him drunk and then forcibly stuffed it into the cave room, so that she and Zhaobo stubbornly rounded the room, which cooked raw rice to maturity.
However, there is a discrepancy in the record in the Zuo Biography: "The Qi people made Zhao Bo yan in Xuanjiang, no, strong." "What is said here is that Zhao Bo was stubbornly unwilling to marry, and in the end, he was forced by others. The "Chronicles of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" is even more outrageous, saying: Zhao Bo was drunk by Qi Xuangong and stuffed into Qi Xuanjiang's bedroom, and in a drunken dream, he and Qi Xuanjiang had a husband and wife, so the two became married.
But whether it is Qi Xuanjiang or Zhao Bo, shi guan's pen is like Mr. Lu Xun's Xianglin sister-in-law, and they are extremely aggrieved.
However, judging from what happened later, Zhao Bo was by no means a righteous gentleman who sat in a state of confusion, and Qi Xuanjiang was not a chaste martyr. The two were forced to become relatives, and after marriage, they raised their eyebrows and were happy with each other, and even gave birth to five children in a few years - let me ask, if there is no affection, how can the two have children one after another?
Obviously, although they don't say it verbally, they all agree with this marriage in their hearts.
Among the five children they bore was our protagonist, Madame Xu Mu, today. With these stories in place, we can finally sort out a complete relationship map.
So, what is the relationship between Lady Xu Mu and Duke Wei Yi?
Duke Wei Yi, who was Gongzi Shuo, was the son of Wei Huigong, the bastard of the family, who inherited the throne after Gongzi Shuo's death. Qi Xuanjiang's second husband, Zhao Bojian, was the brother of Wei Huigong, so from here, Lady Xu Mu should be the sister of Wei Yigong; however, if we start from Wei Xuangong, it is more complicated. Duke Xuan of Wei was Gongzi Shuo's father and grandfather of Duke Wei Yi, so Lady Xu Mu was also the aunt of Duke Wei Yi.
Obviously, no matter which husband of Qi Xuanjiang was, Lady Xu Mu could not be the daughter of Duke Wei Yi. Therefore, the identity of Lady Xu Mu as the "daughter of Wei Yigong" in the "Biography of the Daughters of The Column" should be imprecise. Of course, perhaps there is still a "third relationship" in this, it is not known, after all, the Wei and Qi countries in the Spring and Autumn Period were extremely chaotic, and this possibility was not ruled out. In the following story, we will also talk about Lady Xu Mu as the sister of Wei Yigong, which is convenient for narration.
Three
Wei Yigong, this guy, can be said to have inherited all of his father's stubborn genes.
Fortunately, China's history lovers are tolerant, in the history of our country, there are both "why not eat meat" demented emperor, and there are also shijing emperors who like to "kill pigs and sell meat", it is not surprising to see what kind of dim monarch.
Ancient rulers died because of beauty, some died because of tyranny, and few heard of countries who perished because of their love for animals. In the historical data, the white paper and black characters record that "Wei Yigong was good at cranes and perished in the country", which is enough to show that Wei Yigong was a complete "loving family".
We don't know how Wei Yigong treats people and things, but most of the monarchs are very loving. If such a creature as a crane had human spiritual wisdom, he would definitely feel that he was not born in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
So, how good is Wei Yigong to his crane?
He ordered the most expensive food to be procured, so that the cranes lived in the magnificent palace, and served each crane comfortably. Those beautiful cranes, Wei Yigong named them Crane Niangniang; those mighty british cranes, Wei Yigong gave them the official position of Crane General.
If Wei Yigong had been born in modern times, it is estimated that he would have been hired by the Animal Lovers Association or gone to the zoo to find an errand. If Wei Yigong was a mountain hermit, he could also find a beautiful crane as a wife like Lin Kui. Unfortunately, Duke Wei Yi was born in both the feudal era and the ruler, so it was really unreliable for him to do so.
Although compared with other big countries, Wei Guo can only be regarded as a place with a "big palm", there are still many tasks that need to be handled by Wei Yigong every day. The official system in the Spring and Autumn Period was relatively simple, but the decision-makers were very important, and every day there were countless proposals waiting for Wei Yigong to make a decision. What's more, Wei Yigong's old father, Wei Huigong, had offended countless people, and those old nobles pondered every day about taking the young Wei Yi open knife.
So that, in such a context, the ruler of a country devotes all his energy to fun, can there be a reason not to destroy the country?
Although Mrs. Xu Mu's generations in the family are relatively chaotic, her father is Wei Bo after all, and it is natural that she has lived a life of brocade and jade food since she was a child. From the poems she wrote, it can be seen that her moral cultivation and literary literacy have been well educated. Compared with her mother and sister-in-law, Mrs. Xu Mu can be called a moral model. If such a woman is put into the present, she must be a "ten-round woman" with both talent, quality, temperament, and appearance, and she will be able to marry a ruyi langjun, but unfortunately, she was born in a feudal society, and the marriage affairs must be manipulated by others, and there is no possibility of making her own decisions.
From the beginning of Yu Xia to the end of the Qing Dynasty, as long as it was a woman from a high-ranking family, their marriages were often strongly political. Unlike the ancient women who pursued free marriage, Madame Xu Mu silently agreed with the fate of arranged marriage. The most rare thing is that what she thinks about is not her own happiness, but the safety of her motherland. Wei Guo's national strength was not prosperous, and in addition, the country had an unreliable monarch like Wei Yigong, so it was an inevitable trend for the country to decline and decline. Mrs. Xu Mu witnessed this situation and wanted to do something for the country, but what could she do as a female streamer?
In the end, she could only ask her brother Wei Yigong to let him use intermodal transportation to envelop those big countries.
Mrs. Xu Mu is the daughter of Qi Xuanjiang, one of the "Spring and Autumn Sister Flowers", so her appearance naturally has nothing to say. At that time, both the State of Qi and the State of Xu sent emissaries to propose to them. Lady Xu Mu said to her brother, "I want to marry into the State of Qi." ”
Her reason was very simple: "The State of Qi is the most powerful of the various princely states, and the distance with the Wei State is very close, if you can make good friends with the State of Qi through marriage, you can ask the State of Qi to send troops to help the State of Qi when the State of Wei encounters any danger in the future." ”
If Duke Wei Yi could agree to his sister's request to marry her into the State of Qi, it is estimated that Lady Xu Mu would become "Lady Qi Huan" and become the wife of the head of the Spring and Autumn Five.
From the previous story, it is not difficult to see that Duke Wei Yi was not at peace with the State of Qi because of his father, so he did not agree to his sister's request, but promised her to Xu Mugong, the prince of Xu State.
Madame Xu Mu's talent is beyond doubt, as can be seen from her position in the ancient Chinese poetry scene. Although Madame Xu Mu's appearance may not be comparable to that of her mother and sister-in-law when they were young, it is by no means comparable to that of ordinary women.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, someone wrote a poem "Wei Feng ShuoRen" for the women of the Qi Jiang family:
Shuo Ren Qi Qi, dressed in brocade. Son of Marquis Qi and wife of Marquis Wei. Sister of Donggong, aunt of Marquis Xing, and private of Tan Gongwei.
Hands are soft, skin is like gelatin. The collar is like a cockroach, and the teeth are like a rhinoceros. The moth eyebrows, the smile is smart, and the beautiful eyes are looking forward to it.
Shuo Ao Ao, said yu nongjiao. The four mu are proud, and the zhu is proud. Zhai Mo dynasty. The doctor retired, and there was no ambassador.
The river is full of water and the north is alive. Shi Fu Tao, Tuna hair. Unveiled, The Sins of the Ginger, and the Servants have the Leaves.
"What a beautiful girl, a hemp gauze blouse. She was the beloved daughter of Marquis Qi, she was the bride of Marquis Wei, she was the younger sister of the crown prince, she was the sister-in-law of Marquis Xing, and Duke Tan was her sister-in-law. The hands are soft like spring, the skin is as white as gelatin, the neck is really beautiful like a cockroach, and the teeth are the most neat. The forehead horn is plump and slender, Yanran smiles and moves people's hearts, and Qiu Bo turns to capture people's souls. A tall girl, next to the country farm. Look at the four horses, the red silk tied to the horse chew, and the Chinese car slowly drove to the court. The great masters have left the dynasty early, and now they are the king of Motailao. The waters of the Yellow River are white and vast, and the north flows into the sea. The fishing nets in the water are stirring, the fish brushing in the water, and the reeds on both sides of the river are long and long. The dowry girl is tall and the entourage of men is magnificent! ”
In particular, these few sentences are "hands like soft hands, skin like gelatin." The collar is like a cockroach, and the teeth are like a rhinoceros. The moth eyebrows, the smile is smart, and the beautiful eyes are looking forward to it. "It has been repeatedly used by later generations to describe the beauty of women, but to be fair, the metaphors of the ancients are really strange. The hand is like a soft hand, talking about the tender buds that have just sprouted for a long time, which is more appropriate. However, this "collar is like a cockroach" is a little bit of contemplation. What is a cockroach? The larvae of the two beetles, Tianniu and Mulberry Cow, are milky white, round and plump, and if you put the worm on the neckline of the girl, the girl will definitely scream.
I wonder if the famous poets and the people of the Spring and Autumn Period who came up with this sentence had a bad taste in this regard, in short, the phrase "collar like a cockroach" was very popular at that time.
So, is Lady Xu Mu, who married Xu Mugong, happy?
The answer is unknown, and presumably unsatisfactory.
Xu Guo, like Wei Guo, is not a strong country, so Xu Mu's guild will pay homage to Lady Xu Mu as a guest, and so will Lady Xu Mu. There is no description of the married life of the two people in the historical materials and poems, and I think that with The habit that Mrs. Xu Mu likes to make articles, if her married life is relatively happy, she will definitely leave a lot of poems that record beautiful love. What Lady Xu Mu wrote after she married was all works that missed her homeland, which showed that her life in Xu Guo was not satisfactory.
Missing the carefree days of childhood, which is often the privilege of modern people, the ancients mostly took ideals and ambitions as their responsibility, and did not have time to miss the years of naughty childhood, even if they were in their twilight years.
Mrs. Xu Mu's "Wei Feng Bamboo Pole" is about the happy times when she lived in Weiguo. Judging from the marriage customs of the Spring and Autumn Period, When marrying Xu Mugong, Lady Xu Mu should be about fifteen years old, so the days until she put on the wedding dress are counted as her childhood. If a woman is happy after marriage, why should she miss the years of her childhood?
Bamboo rods to fish for Ki. Isn't it? Far from it.
The spring source is on the left, and the water is on the right. The woman has a line, far from brothers and parents.
The water is on the right, and the fountain is on the left. The smile of qiao, the puppet of Peiyu.
Qishui is flowing, juniper is a pine boat. Travel by word to write about my worries.
"The fishing bamboo rod is thin and long, and used to fish on the water. Don't you think of the old land, the road is far from returning to your hometown? The spring is on the left, and the ki water is on the right. The girl grows up to get married, and her parents and brothers are far away. The qi water is flowing to the right, and the spring source is surging to the left. Yan Ran smiled and her teeth were exposed, and she was wearing a beautiful jade sai tianxian. The ki water flows leisurely day and night, and the cypress paddles are paddles. Drive around to relieve homesickness. ”
Regarding the main theme of the poem, the Preface to Mao's Poems says: "The Bamboo Pole, Wei Nu Si Guiye. "It is written about a distantly married Daughter of Weiguo who misses her hometown. As for the author, Wei Yuan examined it in the "Poetry Guwei" and thought that "Lady Xu Mu also wrote it". Back then, Mrs. Xu Mu's family was fishing on the shore of the Qishui River, and long bamboo poles stirred ripples on the surface of the water. Now Mrs. Xu Mu's thoughts were like ripples of the past, but she could never return to her hometown.
The water flows toward the west, and the fat spring flows faintly to the east, and the two waters run in opposite directions, like daughters who grow up to marry, and they have to leave their hometowns and the land where she was born and her father. Today's Lady Xu Mu is already a noblewoman dressed in Chinese clothes, but the jewelry and jade pendants in this palace are clanging, but they can't make her smile. Only when she remembered those green years would the sorrow in Mrs. Xu Mu's heart be swept away.
Judging from the description of this poem, although the era in which Mrs. Xu Mu lived did not have the concept of "environmental protection", the natural environment was not destroyed. Friends who have been to Zhengzhou know that now the Weiguo homeland has become a desolate suburb, and the rivers have long dried up, or simply become stinky ditches polluted by industry. As a result, we can no longer appreciate the great scenery of Qishui like Mrs. Xu Mu when we were children.
Four
So, what is the worry in Mrs. Xu Mu's heart? Why should she rely on childhood memories to dispel her worries?
Wei Yigong was full of his xianhe friends and turned a deaf ear to the situation in the country. The nomadic Northern Di people coveted the central plains and began to invade the borders of Weiguo, but Wei Yigong was still immersed in his animal world and refused to take advice. The war report spread to the palace like snowflakes, but Wei Yigong did not think so.
Finally, the Northern Di people attacked the city strategically, directly approaching the capital of the Wei state. Seeing that the territory handed down by the ancestors would become an enemy-occupied area, Wei Yigong finally began to worry.
On this day, Duke Wei Yi came to the palace early in the morning and ordered people to send various scholars and doctors to ask them to contribute to the country. However, at this time, the fall of the Weiguo was already the trend of the times, and there was no longer any power to return to heaven. The attitude of the scholars was surprisingly unanimous: "Huh? Why didn't you feed the cranes today? We are still waiting for you to ask those crane generals to kill the Northern Di people without leaving a piece of armor! ”
Crane naturally would not fight, and at this time, the scholars and doctors were discouraged by the monarch, and Wei Yigong had to put down his body. The weiguo scholars and masters saw the scene that broke the ground, and Wei Yigong actually bowed his head and pleaded with them, hoping that they could expel Beidi for the country. Although the scholars were angry at Wei Yigong's inaction, he was after all the king of a country, and Wei Guo was the common hometown of everyone, so they agreed to go to war.
In order to show his determination, Wei Yigong carried a knife into his crane palace, personally killed those crane grandfathers and crane grandmothers, and told his subordinates that he would never raise cranes again in the future.
Subsequently, Duke Yi of Wei took the main force of wei and fought a decisive battle with Northern Di.
Wei Yigong personally went into battle and performed positively, but it did not help, and in the end, Wei Guo was still defeated by Northern Di.
The reason is that some scholars say that Wei Yi Gong's raising of cranes consumes a lot of people's fat and people's anointing every year, so that the army's grain and grass weight cannot be guaranteed during the war; some history enthusiasts say that Wei Yi Gong is busy raising cranes and never trains troops, so the weiguo army lacks combat effectiveness.
The author believes that this is not the case, Wei Yigong's reign is only a short period of eight years, and raising cranes is different from picking and buying flowers and stones, which is harmless to this little hobby. It is a bit far-fetched to say that Wei Yigong raised cranes and spent all military expenses. Wei Yigong's playthings were demoralized, and the lack of training of soldiers was a reason, but the deeper reason was that the Northern Di combat power at that time was too strong, so that Wei Yigong could not compete with it at all.
In the feudal history of our country, the struggle between nomadic and agrarian peoples has never stopped. In the early days of the nomadic invasion of the south, the Central Plains regime, which had transformed into an agrarian society, was difficult to compete with, and even the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons heard that the Northern Di was coming. The Weiguo was already weak in national strength, so it was defeated.
The main force of the Wei state was killed, and Wei Yigong became a prisoner of the Northern Di people.
At that time, the Northern Di civilization was similar to the African cannibals, and there was no Geneva Convention, and in their opinion, the best way to treat a prisoner was to stuff him in his stomach. The Northern Di people made almost no representations with Wei Guo, and killed and ate the captured Wei Yigong.
Perhaps because the scene is too bloody, we don't know whether it will be eaten alive or fried. The only thing mentioned in the literature is that the Northern Di people ate Wei Yigong to only a skeleton and internal organs, which was extremely miserable.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the transmission of news was quite closed, and by the time the news of Wei Yigong's death in battle reached Xu Guo, Wei Guo had already suffered drastic changes. After the death of Duke Wei Yi, the scholar of wei guo successively supported Lady Xu Mu's brothers Wei Dai and Wei Wen as the monarch. However, at this time, the weiguo half of the territory had become an enemy-occupied area ravaged by northern Di, and if there was no strong reinforcement, I was afraid that the weiguo would be destroyed at the hands of the Di people. This poem "Shao Feng Spring Water" is written by Madame Xu Mu in her longing for her mother state:
The spring water also flows to Qi. There is a guard, and the day is not thoughtful. Talk about conspiring with them.
Out of the house in Yue, drink in You, the woman has a line, far away parents and brothers. Ask my aunts, and then my uncles.
Sleep in the dry, drink in the words. Carrying grease and carrying the car, the car is also talking. Humble and unblemished?
I think of the fountain of fat, and I sigh forever. Thinking of The Beard and The Water, my heart is leisurely. Travel by word to write about my worries.
"The spring water is flowing endlessly, or it returns to the Qi water." Nostalgic for defending my hometown, there is not a day that I am not thinking about it. Come with the good sisters of Ji and consult with them. Back to the time when I stayed in The Land of Yue, I put wine and food in Youyi. Women marry into other countries, away from their parents and brothers. Greetings to my aunt and all the good sisters. If you can go back to your hometown to stay, the place to go is in the word. Insert a tight key in the axle and run straight to your hometown. Rushing back to the guard, will it not cause any trouble? I was thinking about the fat spring, and the sighs were endless. Thinking about Xucheng and Caoyi again, my sorrow has no end. I went on a journey in a carriage to relieve my sorrows. ”
The mother country suffered a disaster, and the married daughter missed her homeland, imagined in her mind the way back to China, and asked her aunt and sister who were also in the deep palace of a foreign country. The poem consists of four chapters of six sentences each. The poet uses the artistic technique of illusionary realism, and sets off the protagonist's true and deep thoughts through the ethereal description.
Hearing the news, Mrs. Xu Mu immediately decided to return to the motherland and accompany her family to tide over the difficulties.
However, Mrs. Xu Mu's behavior was very presumptuous in the eyes of the people of the time.
Because Northern Di was too powerful, Xu Mugong had no intention of supporting Wei Guo. Under such a premise, if Lady Xu Mu returns to China alone, xu Mu's dignity will be swept away. Ignoring the objections of others, Lady Xu Mu resolutely escaped from the palace and got on the carriage to defend the country. When Xu Mugong heard this, he immediately sent a group of men and horses to try to stop his wife back.
Madame Xu Mu's "Wind and Zaichi" describes the scene when she returned to Weidi:
Carry the ride and drive, return to the Marquis of Wei. Driving the horses leisurely, talking about Cao.
The doctor trekked, and my heart was worried. Neither I nor I can turn back.
I don't think away. Neither I Jia, can not spin?
I don't think about it, I can't think about it. Shōpi achu, his words are full of butterflies.
Women are kind and have their own deeds. The people are especially naïve and crazy.
I walk in the wilderness, and I do the wheat. Controlled by the great state, who is extremely because of whom?
Doctor gentleman, no I have you. What I think is not as good as I am.
"Drive the light car and go back to mourn Wei Hou." The whiplash drove the road far away, and it was not long before it reached Caoyi. Dr. Xu Guo trekked to block my trip and made me sad. He refused to approve of me, and how could he turn back to Xudi? Compared with your unkind heart, I cherish the thoughts of the emperor and the country. He didn't approve of me, and he couldn't cross the river back to his hometown. Compared to your bad heart, I am in love with the country. Ascend to the hill and pick the shellfish to cure the melancholy. The woman's heart is soft and nostalgic, and each has a reason and a clue. The people of Xu Guo rebuked me, but they were arrogant and foolish. I walked slowly in the fields, the ridges covered with wheat. If you want to go to a big country to file a lawsuit, who can rely on whom to help? Doctor Xu Guo, gentlemen, don't be particularly resentful of me. You've thought about it a hundred times, so I might as well run it myself. ”
The Preface to Mao's Poems says: "Zai Chi, Lady Xu Mu zuoye. Min Qi's kingdom was subverted, and self-inflicted wounds could not be saved. Duke Wei Yi was destroyed by the Di people. The people of the country are scattered, exposed in Caoyi, the death of Xu Mu's wife Min Wei, the wounds of Xu Are small, the strength cannot be saved, thinking of returning to his brother, and can not be righteous, so the endowment is Shiye. Lady Xu Mu, who was sitting on the carriage, kept urging the galloping horses, hoping that they could take her back to her hometown as soon as possible and mourn the recently deceased Wei Yigong. It was not easy to come to this place in Caoyi, and Xu Guo's scholar doctor rode a fast horse to take her back, but how could she let go of the country's difficulties?
The carriage passed high up a hill, and at the bottom of the hill there were women collecting clams by the small river. They are busy for their livelihood, but Mrs. Xu Mu is worried about the country, and everyone has different sorrows in their hearts. Those Xu Guoshi doctors did not understand what Lady Xu Mu had in mind, but only used etiquette to restrict her personal freedom and forbid her to return to Weiguo. However, even so, no one could stop Madame Xu Mu's desire to return home.
"According to The Duke of Wei Yi, he was killed by Di and destroyed his kingdom. His son Dai Gong (戴公), Lu Yucao (庐于漕), and Lady Xu's brother also. When the country is destroyed and the king is dead, the flesh and bones of the compatriots are not allowed to return home and hang themselves, which is sad. The system of the first kings said: 'The wife of the monarch, if the parents are there, then return to peace.' No, it makes the doctor prefer to his brother. 'I haven't thought about the great changes. Allow people to mud scriptures, and do not harm them to be the sin of keeping etiquette. And the lady did not dare to return, which can be described as a righteous judgment. ”
This commentary, written by the Ming Dynasty Lü Kun, more clearly restores the situation for us at that time.
We do not know what the relationship between Wei Yigong and Lady Xu Mu is. As a younger sister, Mrs. Xu Mu mentioned in the poem "brother" package does not include Wei Yigong, and the answer may only be clear to her. This song "Wind and Zai chi" commemorates whether it is Wei Yigong or the weiguo that is about to fall, and the benevolent see the wise and the wise see the wise.
After Mrs. Xu Mu returned, she immediately used her private money to buy grain and grass to help the disaster victims and supply soldiers. Immediately afterward, Lady Xu Mu came to the palace to discuss with the monarchs of the Wei kingdom about the strategy of restoring the country. For now, the only way to ask for support from powerful countries is to ask for help, and the best target for help is the neighboring country of Qi. Today, only Lady Xu Mu can contact Duke Huan of Qi by virtue of her mother's connections.
Therefore, she took the initiative to act as an emissary and came to the State of Qi to lobby the Duke of Qi Huan. In the early years, Duke Huan of Qi sent emissaries to propose to Wei Guo, but unfortunately was prevented by Duke Yi of Wei. Qi Huangong did not expect that he could meet Lady Xu Mu under such circumstances. At this time, Mrs. Xu Mu had already married a human wife, and the past was like a cloud of smoke.
Since Lady Xu Mu's mother, Qi Xuanjiang, belonged to the Qi State Sect, There was a kinship between Lady Xu Mu and the Duke of Qi Huan. At that time, the State of Qi was already the most powerful of the princely states, and Northern Di was a common enemy of the Central Plains countries. Whether it was to help Lady Xu Mu retreat from the enemy or to establish the prestige of the State of Qi, Duke Huan of Qi had a reason to send troops to help defend the country.
Therefore, Duke Huan of Qi sent his son Gongzi Wu to lead 3,000 elite soldiers to aid the Wei state and fight against Northern Di. Subsequently, Lady Xu Mu once again wandered around the neighboring countries and persuaded the Duke of Song and her husband Xu Mugong. With the efforts of the combined forces of Qi, Song, and Xu, Northern Di was finally driven out of Weidi and helped Weiguo restore the country.
After the end of the war, Duke Huan of Qi ordered his men to make a gorgeous carriage out of fish skins and send Lady Xu Mu back to Xu Guo.
Five
Later generations will often think of the relationship between her and The Duke of Qi Huan while lamenting Lady Xu Mu's righteousness.
As we mentioned earlier, there were two monarchs who pursued Lady Xu Mu at that time:
First, Xu Mugong;
The second is qi huangong.
Although Lady Xu Mu intended to marry into the State of Qi, she could only marry Xu Guo under the interference of Duke Wei Yi.
So, is there a private affair between Qi Huangong and Lady Xu Mu?
It is said that when Duke Huan of Qi was still a prince Xiao Bai, he went to Weiguo to ask for a marriage to Lady Xu Mu, and the two also had a relationship. Unfortunately, the relationship between Wei Yigong and Qi Xianggong was not harmonious, so this marriage was beaten by him.
Many years later, when there was turmoil in Weiguo, Lady Xu Mu appeared again in front of the Duke of Qi Huan. At this time, it has been many years since the encounter at that time, and after the two met, they could not help but feel that the world was uncertain.
I don't know whether it was out of sympathy for Lady Xu Mu's suffering or because his admiration for that year had never changed, Duke Huan of Qi generously promised Lady Xu Mu to help Wei Guo retreat from the enemy. As for whether there is a beautiful story between the two people, most of them are there.
After all, with Lady Xu Mu's talent and character, only a hero like Qi Huangong, the head of the Spring and Autumn Period, could match it.
The history of the Spring and Autumn Period is relatively rough and thin, so we can learn very little about Madame Xu Mu's deeds from the main history. Fortunately, the "Book of Poetry" compiled by Confucius contains three poems by Madame Xu Mu, and we can interpret Madame Xu Mu's life from these three poems.
The poem "Bamboo Pole" describes The life of Mrs. Xu Mu herself as a teenager who was nostalgic for the landscape and her homesickness in a foreign country, but often nostalgic for the country where she raised her parents. "Spring Water" writes about the various activities of Madame's campaign to save the motherland and her worries. "Zai Chi" expresses the mood of the lady's eager return to China and finally breaking through the resistance to return to the motherland. The poem prominently writes about her struggle against the monarchs who obstructed her return to the motherland to resist the invasion of Di Bing, expressing her determination to save the motherland regardless of her personal safety, bravely moving forward, and unswerving.
It can be said that in the words and lines of Mrs. Xu Mu's poems, they are full of strong patriotic thoughts and feelings, and today we still shake our hearts and can't bear to let go. As a result, she became the first outstanding patriotic female poet in Chinese history.