On October 21, 1908 (November 14, 1908), the Guangxu Emperor, who was only thirty-eight years old, died at the Hanyuan Hall in Yingtai. At this time, Cixi, who was in the Zhongnanhai Yiluan Hall, was also terminally ill. Of course, no one would have thought that the next day (the twenty-second day), the empress who had held the power of the Qing Dynasty for 48 years would also return to the Western Heavens. The two supreme rulers died within 24 hours. When the news came out, the whole country was shaken. Due to the tense relationship between the two before, many people suspect that the reason why Guangxu, who was in middle age, died ten hours earlier than Cixi must be Cixi's conspiracy, otherwise it would not be such a coincidence. So what is the physical state of Guangxu in this life, and how does it change at each stage? We can find clues through Guangxu's vein case and its handwriting at each stage.
A view of Yingtai in the past
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the dual relationship is very special, and the physical fitness since childhood is poor</h1>
As we all know, the relationship between Guangxu and Cixi is very special. On the man's side, Guangxu was Cixi's nephew. Guangxu's father, Prince Shuo, was the seventh brother of Cixi's husband, Emperor Xianfeng; on the woman's side, Guangxu was Cixi's nephew, and Guangxu's biological mother was Cixi's sister. Here, we can guess that if Guangxu did not have this dual relationship with Cixi, it would be difficult for Guangxu to sit on the throne. If Guangxu was only Cixi's nephew and not nephew, then Guangxu would hardly be the first choice in Cixi's heart; conversely, if Guangxu was only Cixi's nephew and not nephew, then Guangxu would have no possibility of becoming emperor at all. Therefore, because of this special dual relationship between Guangxu and Cixi, he was chosen by Cixi as the heir to the throne. In this way, Guangxu's life was also controlled by Cixi. Guangxu's life was also in Cixi's hands.
Prince of Alcohol with children
In the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), the Tongzhi Emperor, who was only 19 years old, died, and then Cixi vigorously defied the public opinion and insisted that his nephew, who was the same age as his son, inherit the throne. In this way, the four-year-old Zai Tian became the king of a country and the Guangxu Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Because Guangxu was very young, the two empresses (Empress Dowager Ci'an and Empress Dowager Cixi) bowed to the government. It was not until the death of Empress Dowager Ci'an in the seventh year of Guangxu (1881), when power was completely in the hands of Empress Dowager Cixi. Although Cixi is a woman and a mother, she cannot live in harmony with her children in her bones. At that time, Cixi and her own son Tongzhi repeatedly quarreled because of their strong personalities and intransigence to each other. Of course, at that time, there was also Empress Dowager Ci'an in the middle to mediate. Now, Ci'an has died, and Cixi has covered the sky with one hand. If you want to be able to live in peace with your young nephew Guangxu, only one person can make concessions, cixi will never give in, that is only Guangxu.
Empress Dowager Ci'an's imperial dress bust
Therefore, Guangxu has only made promises in front of Cixi since he was a child, and the consequences can be imagined. Cixi did not give in to her own son Tongzhi, and even forced her impatient son to commit suicide with a knife. Compared with his son Tongzhi, his nephew Guangxu must have been another layer in Cixi's heart. Therefore, if his nephew Guangxu went against his will, you can imagine how Cixi would take care of him. In fact, Guangxu was also an impatient child, but in front of Cixi, he only had infinite restraint on himself. However, Guangxu, who was in a state of repression, had poor physical fitness since childhood. From Guangxu's early pulse cases and self-reports, it can be seen that Guangxu has been sick since childhood, and later accompanied by a long history of sperm disease, and even more than a dozen times a month, so his physical fitness is extremely poor. In the pulse case of Guangxu's ten years, it can be seen that Guangxu often had colds before, and had spleen and stomach diseases, and took decoctions and pills for many years.
Tongzhi Emperor imperial dress statue
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhu Batch's handwriting has changed, and his physical and mental state is unusual</h1>
On the fifteenth day of the first month of the thirteenth month of Guangxu (1887), the 17-year-old Guangxu Emperor officially took the throne. At this time, the Guangxu Emperor should be very happy. After all, it has been thirteen years since he was 4 years old, although he did not personally handle the politics of the dynasty, but he also learned a lot. In fact, in the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), Guangxu, who was only ten years old, began to learn Zhu Pi's recital, but the handwriting was rather immature, and the handling opinions were naturally determined by Cixi and the military minister. As Guangxu grew up, he also learned some ways to handle government affairs when Zhu Pi was playing. Therefore, when Guangxu was 17 years old, Cixi changed his obedience to the government and officially let Guangxu pro-government. Guangxu was full of ambition, and his spirit and body were much better than before. On a letter on the twenty-eighth day of the first month of the thirteenth year of Guangxu, Zhu approved seven words: "The ministry is discussed, and the single is issued concurrently." "Seven words can be described as grand, upright and powerful, and quite full. Of course, it can also be imagined that Guangxu must have been in good spirits and full of energy during this time.
Empress Dowager Cixi was sitting on a statue
However, half a year later, on the sixth day of the first month of July in the thirteenth year of Guangxu, in the compromise of the Shengjing general Qingyu at that time, the four characters of Guangxu Zhu Pi's "Hubu Know" were oblique, soft and weak, and even the font was half smaller than the font of the first month. It can be seen that the person who wrote the letter is not in a good mental state. A month later, Guangxu wrote another letter from General Shengjing that Zhu Pi "knew". However, these three words, the handwriting is light, weak and weak, only a quarter of the size of the font of the new month. After that, from the sixteenth year of Guangxu to the twenty-first year, Guangxu's Zhu Pi handwriting has always been weak and weak, small and thin, light handwriting, and slightly white. At the same time, the content of Zhu Ping is also mostly based on simple words such as "I know", "I ask for it, the ministry knows", and "the ministry discusses the music". Here, we can see that in the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887), the 17-year-old Guangxu was already able to personally govern, and Cixi also changed his obedience to politics as a discipline. Two years later, in the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), after Guangxu held a big wedding, Cixi officially returned to power. At this time, Guangxu was nominally fully capable of exercising the power of the emperor. However, according to Guangxu's Zhu Pi handwriting and content, we can think that in the first half of the thirteenth year of Guangxu, Guangxu thought that he really had power, but after half a year, Guangxu knew who was the real master of the Qing Dynasty. As a result, Guangxu only has a few symbolic Zhu Ping words in the recital.
Statue of the Guangxu Emperor
Compared with Guangxu, who was already weak and sickly, he had been bound by Cixi, and his spirit was constantly suppressed. And the number of times Guangxu fell ill became more frequent. The double blow of body and mind made him also exposed to Zhu Pi's handwriting.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the failure of the transformation method is aggravated, and the situation is getting worse and worse</h1>
The Wushu Reform Law raised the contradiction between Guangxu and Cixi to the commanding heights. The relationship between the two has reached the point of tension, but in the end, the scheming Cixi is superior and defeats his twenty-eight-year-old nephew Guangxu. This was not only a heavy blow to Guangxu's political life, but also a major blow to his own body and mind. First, Cixi placed him under house arrest in Yingtai outside the Forbidden City, and secondly, Cixi was also looking for a replacement for Guangxu. Guangxu, who was placed under house arrest, was not only worried about his political future, but also worried about his personal safety.
Cixi HD grooming photos
It was also in this year that Guangxu's condition suddenly intensified, and his health deteriorated. However, at this time, Guangxu was in his prime, a 28-year-old young man. However, Guangxu often had dizziness, sore throat, hazy vision, pain in both shoulders, poor spirit, dry stool, long-term deficiency of heart and spleen, insufficient liver and yin, false fire floating, and night slippery sperm. In short, under the diagnosis of the imperial doctor, Guangxu's heart, spleen, lungs, kidneys and liver are all problems. To this end, the four imperial doctors of the Tai Hospital (Zhu Kun, Zhuang Shouhe, Men Dingao, and Zhang Zhongyuan) discussed the use of decoctions to nourish the heart and spleen, moisturize the lungs, and nourish the liver and kidneys to let Guangxu take it. However, after taking it, Guangxu's condition did not turn around. Therefore, Cixi recruited the world's famous doctors to Beijing in the name of Guangxu that year to diagnose and treat Guangxu. In the encyclical, it is said: "Since April, there has been a lot of discomfort, and it has not been effective for a long time. ”
Guangxu Dynasty costume statue
Of course, some people believe that recruiting the world's famous doctors to diagnose and treat Guangxu was not Cixi's original intention. Cixi wanted to announce to the outside world that Guangxu was seriously ill and difficult to manage the government, and she would have to discipline the government again, and even wanted to use this to abolish Guangxu. However, in the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1990), Guangxu suffered another blow. The Eight-Power Alliance invaded China, and on the eve of fleeing, Zhenfei threw herself into a well and died. Since the failure of the change of law two years ago, Guangxu has been placed under house arrest, and Zhenfei has been beaten into the cold palace. One of the two is inside the Forbidden City and the other is outside the Forbidden City, although they are not far apart, it is difficult to meet. Unexpectedly, Zhenfei, who had once cherished each other, died in this way, which undoubtedly dealt a deep blow to Guangxu's body and mind.
Statue of Princess Jane
Later, in July of the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901), on li Hongzhang's recital of the agreed peace, that is, the withdrawal of the coalition forces from occupying the area and the inspection of the lost items of the Imperial Palace, the Guangxu Emperor Zhu Pi "sent personnel to carefully check, the application of the preparation of all things is complete, the required funds are verified and reported, and Yu yiyi is discussed." However, the handwriting of these twenty-eight characters appeared weak and paradoxical, which undoubtedly reflected Guangxu's helplessness at the fiasco of the war.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > terminally ill and the limit is approaching, and the handwriting is sloppy and difficult to form</h1>
Guangxu can be described as a life full of diseases, especially after the so-called pro-government, subjected to double physical and mental torture. Guangxu's illness worsened day by day, and even at the age of twenty-eight, he needed to recruit famous doctors from all over the world for diagnosis and treatment. But what is strange is that although Guangxu's condition is intermittent, it is not fatal, but a disease that gradually consumes qi and blood. Therefore, with the careful conditioning and care of the imperial doctors, Guangxu can still save his life. Until the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), the imperial doctor in the palace had no cure, so he once again recruited the world's famous doctors. At that time, the famous Jiangsu doctors Chen Bingjun and Cao Yuanheng arrived in Beijing to diagnose and treat Guangxu, but their condition did not improve. Subsequently, on May 8 of that year, the Military Aircraft Department sent a telegram to the governors of Zhili, Liangjiang, Huguang, Shandong, and Henan: "Since the spring, the emperor has been in a state of insecurity. In various doctors in Beijing, diagnosis and treatment are ineffective. Xi Zun selected famous doctors and sent them to Beijing quickly, waiting for the consultation. Soon, the famous doctors recommended by the governors of various provinces, such as Lü Yongbin, Zhou Jingtao, Du Zhongjun, Shi Huan, Zhang Pengnian and others, came to Beijing one after another. Since then, guangxu has been diagnosed and treated by these famous folk doctors.
Late Qing doctor diagnosed the pulse
On October 17, Zhou Jingtao and Lü Yongbin treated Guangxu and found that Guangxu's left inch was closed, the right was thin, and the two feet were slightly slow. Waist soreness and leg pain not only do not decrease, but also have the symptoms of coughing, breathing and wheezing. Because of the cough and wheezing, this made Guangxu unable to sleep at night. The two famous doctors first used soup medicine to stop Cough and Asthma for Guangxu, and took care of reconciling the spleen and stomach. On the eighteenth day, not only Zhou Jingtao and Lü Yongbin diagnosed and treated Guangxu, but also added the famous doctor Du Zhongjun. After the diagnosis of the three people, Lü Yongbin believed that Guangxu Yuanqi was a big loss, Yin and Yang were out of nourishment, Zhou Jingtao was dialectically weak in lower Yuanqi, involving lung position, exacerbating other diseases, and Du Zhongjun was also diagnosed as shangsheng and lower deficiency, and Yuanqi was greatly lost. At this time, Guangxu already had lung inflammation and cardiopulmonary failure. To this end, they prescribed a decoction for Guangxu to lower lung reversal and dissolve phlegm. However, on the nineteenth day, Guangxu's condition not only did not improve, but also worse than yesterday.
Guangxu film and television stills
On this day, the Second Officer's Hospital of Tai Hospital sentenced Zhang Zhongyuan, Zhou Jingtao, Lü Yongbin, and Du Zhongjun to go into battle to diagnose and treat Guangxu, and each case and prescription were presented. They also prescribed soup recipes to dry and moisten the lungs. At this time, Guangxu's lungs were severely infected, and the sputum was blocked in the respiratory tract, causing wheezing, and heart failure was aggravated. On the 20th, the imperial doctors Zhang Zhongyuan and Zhongxun, together with the famous folk doctors Zhou Jingtao, Lü Yongbin, and Du Zhongjun, once again diagnosed and treated Guangxu. After that, according to the pulse of their own diagnosis and treatment, they wrote out the prescription and presented it separately. On this day, Guangxu appeared on the basis of the original saliva in the mouth, the corners of the lips twitched, and the eyeballs turned white. Although all the doctors prescribed the formula, they already revealed the meaning of rejuvenation and lack of technique in the pulse case. On the twenty-first day, the imperial doctors Zhang Zhongyuan, Quan Shun, and Zhongxun treated Guangxu again, at this time Guangxu's pulse was like a silk, his eyes were turned upside down, his teeth were tightly closed, and his whole body was cold. At this point, all the imperial doctors will drink with raw veins.
The coffin of the Guangxu Emperor's underground palace
Thirty-four years ago, at the last moment of the Tongzhi Emperor, the imperial doctors also used raw pulse drinks, but the medicine was not yet exhausted, and the Tongzhi Emperor had died. This time, when the imperial doctor began to drink with raw pulses, it was known that Guangxu had reached the last moment. This time, although Guangxu drank the raw pulse drink, it still did not help. After a few hours, Guangxu's healing was ineffective, and he completed his short life of 38 years. So, when was the last time Guangxu handled government affairs? Just seven days before Guangxu's death, Guangxu also wrote down the three words "I know" on the Shanxi Inspector's recital on the "Situation of Grain Prices in Yuze". Guangxu's last three words were very scrawled, and the pen edge was extremely weak. Just ten hours after Guangxu's death, Cixi also went with Guangxu at the Zhongnanhai Yiluan Hall.
Guangxu's hair braids and clothes
72 years after Guangxu's death, in 1980, the relevant personnel cleaned up the Chongling Underground Palace and extracted Guangxu's corpse and bone relics. Later, experts tested Guangxu's hair, bones, and clothes, and found that these had strong arsenic toxins, which we call arsenic, even thousands of times higher than normal people. Therefore, it is concluded that Guangxu died of arsenic poisoning. So how do you think Guangxu died?