Evaluating the quality of a poem, each person's appreciation angle is different, personal experience and knowledge are different, and the conclusions drawn are also different. However, whether a poem is done well or not, there are still some criteria for the reader's reference.
In the "Poetry of the Wine Garden", regarding a poem by Wang Anshi, the ancients pointed out some problems.
A poem by Wang Anshi is recorded in the Poetry of the Wine Garden, and its poem Yun:
The green is cold, and the red trees are warm. Fish blow the pond water, geese whisk the plug to fly. The birds are frightened and clear, and the clouds are leaking during the day. But in the spring dream, the lights are on the clothes.
After reading this poem, let's first distinguish it for ourselves, if you want to pick a fault, what is the problem?
First look at the general meaning of this poem, from the zhengyi, saiyuan can be seen, this is a side plug poem.
The poet saw green weeds growing in the cold of spring and red flowers blooming in warm trees. Pond water fluctuations, fish games, plugs above the wall, geese fly high.
Seeing the neck joint of the bird, there must be doubts, there are geese in front, why are there birds? The spring dream has been broken, and the recruiters are already dressed under the lights and ready to go.
Let's take a look at the ancients' comments on Wang Anshi's poem.
Fang Wanli: [There is no one who is called a good poem and has no eyes in the sentence, please look at it in this way.] Yu Yi has good eyes in life, only need two, why should he do great compassion? This poem is called [sweeping], 曰 [controversy], 曰 [blowing], 曰 [拂], 曰 [surprise], 曰 [leakage], six eyes, it is too much.
The Yuan Dynasty poet Fang Hui (1227-1305) selected this poem in the Yingkui Law. And praise, there is no good poetry and there is no poetry in the sentence, please look at this poem.
He Pei did not think so, saying that if a person has good eyes, it only takes two. This poem has six eyes, which is too much.
Green [sweep] cold out, red [contention] warm tree return. Fish [blowing] pond water movement, geese [whisking] Saiyuan flying. The bird is clear, and the sunny cloud is sparse during the day.
Poetic eye refers to a word in a verse that is used as a verb or as a verb. In fact, Wang Anshi's few poems are not only six eyes.
At least the first four sentences, each sentence has two poetic eyes: green [lan] han wu [out], red [contention] warm tree [return]. Fish [blowing] pond water [moving], geese [blowing] Saiyuan [flying].
In addition, The clear cloud [leak] is rare in the day, and some people think that it is a leaky pot (timer), not a verb, which is different from the view of he xiang.
He Pei commented on Wang Anshi's poem as:
○ Although this poem is a small misdemeanor, it is not evil, but it is respected as the law, then Guo Youdao's cushion horn scarf is also.
Although the poem has a small problem (too many poem eyes), it is not bad overall. Guo Youdao's cushion scarf refers to the figurative demeanor of guo linzong, a famous scholar of the Han Dynasty.
In fact, He Xiang did not evaluate Wang Anshi's poem to the key point. Let's take a look at the view of Huangbai Mountain.
Huang Baishan was very rude to He Xiang, believing that his evaluation of "small misconduct, ben is not evil" is really a layman's term, like a fisherman who likes fishy smells:
This poem is particularly unproachable, Shang Yun "small misconduct, ben is not evil", how smelly like Hefye!
As for the question of this poem, Huang Baishan said:
[ The first two halves of the second and fifth use words together, and the syntax is heavy; the neck joint is guilty of two singles in the third and fifth, and although the syntax is not heavy, it is also not changed.] After "fish" and "goose", they still enter the "bird", and the meaning is more repetitive.
The first two syntactic offenses are the biggest flaw in this poem:
Green --[Sweeping]--Hanwu--[Out], Red --- [Contention]--Warm Tree--[Return]. Fish --[Blowing]--Pond water--[Moving], Geese--[Whisking]--Saiyuan--[Flying].
Each sentence is 1121, and the second and fifth words are all poetry eyes (that is, the words that Huang Baishan said). It can be seen that Huangbaishan is still very clear.
The neck joint also committed two singles in the third and fifth, referring to: the bird [frightened] sand [net], the clear cloud [leak] day [thin]. Each verse is also two: shock and net, leak and thin. See it this way, leak is a verb, not a leak pot.
In short, the syntax of this poem lacks variations.
In addition, Huang Baishan also mentioned that there are fish and geese in the front, and then says animals: birds. This is still a repetition problem.
However, Huang Baishan's claim is also problematic.
Wang Anshi's poem is in Fang Hui's "Yingkui Law", the version is SuYu instead of Su Bird, and the title is "Su Yu":
Rain Stir up the cold out, red scramble to warm the trees. Fish blow the pond water, geese whisk the plug to fly. The rain is silent, and the sunny clouds are leaking during the day. But the spring dream is short, and the lights are on the clothes. If there is no one who is called a good poem and has no eyes in the sentence, please look at it in this way. "Yingkui Law Essence"
The version we see today is "Su Yu Shu Sha Jing", if it is not a bird, then it is not serious with fish and geese, and the second repetition problem of Huang Baishan's statement does not exist.
He Xiang quoted Fang Hui's "Yingkui Law Essence", and did not know why the rain was written as a bird, which made Huang Baishan wrong because of the mistake, and there was an oolong incident.
This Huangbaishan is very interesting, he commented on the "Poetry of the Wine Garden" of the congratulatory award, and as a result, when the posterity engraved the "Poetry of the Wine Garden", the words of the Huangbai mountain were also recorded.
Huang Baishan did not have a high opinion of Wang Anshi's poem: this poem is particularly unproachable. At the same time, he also said that the reward was a bit unbearable: the smell was like a seaf.
As for this poem, the number of poems is not a problem, and the birds are originally rainy, nor is it a problem. The main problem is the lack of syntactic variations, i.e. "syntax is heavy".
@Old Street Taste
Li Bai Gao Shi Liu Zongyuan's long poems, poetry critics say too much nonsense, cut down to absolute sentences better