Qianlong had seventeen sons in his lifetime, but Jiaqing, who finally succeeded him to the throne, did not do much in history, in addition to killing the corrupt officials and Yan, Jiaqing left the feeling of conformity to future generations, following Qianlong's system and policies, there were no bright spots in governance, which made Jiaqing somewhat mediocre, so why did Qianlong in history pass the throne to Jiaqing, a slightly mediocre emperor?
Qianlong's life expectancy is relatively long, many of his sons have not lived him, and the overall quality of his sons is not high
Qianlong was the longest-lived emperor in Chinese history, living to be 89 years old, and although he had seventeen sons, only ten sons really grew up, and only four of these ten sons died behind him, that is, the eighth son of the emperor, Yongxuan, the eleventh son of the emperor, the fifteenth son of the emperor, that is, Jiaqing, and the seventeenth son of the emperor, Yongxuan.
Not only that, the overall quality of Qianlong's sons is not high, compared to the tragedy of his grandfather Kangxi's sons vying for the throne, Qianlong's sons are much more honest, mainly because Qianlong's sons have relatively mediocre abilities and relative ambitions.
For example, Qianlong's eldest son, Yong Huang, was the eldest son of Shu, and Qianlong did not take him into account at all when he secretly established the crown prince, but directly established yong lian, the concubine of Empress Fucha. Therefore, Yong Huang was not cultivated by Qianlong, and he was more mediocre when he grew up.
Later, Empress Fucha died, qianlong's concubines Yonglian and Yongxuan also died prematurely, in the case of the death of his father Qianlong's wife and concubine, the probability of Yong huang inheriting the throne as the eldest son would increase a lot, but Yong huang did not know to cherish, and he performed very badly at the funeral of Empress Fucha.
Qianlong let Yong Huang as the eldest son for the funeral of Empress Fucha, he actually did not show grief, you know that although Empress Fucha is not Yong Huang's biological mother, but he was 20 years old after all, he should also know to seize the opportunity to perform well in front of Qianlong, the more sad the death of his mother-in-law, the more he can reflect his filial piety, even if he is really not sad in his heart, he should also play a scene, but Yong Huang did not show his sadness.
As a result, Qianlong scolded Yong Huang, kicked him, and made it clear that he no longer had to think about inheriting the throne in this life, that is, Qianlong directly deprived Yong Huang of his imperial succession qualifications because of this incident. This made Yong Huang regret depression very much, and later he suffered from depression and died at the age of 22, which can be seen from this that Yong Huang is not only incompetent, but also has a very poor psychological quality.
In addition to the inability and short life of Yong Huang, who is like Yong Xuan, the eighth son of Qianlong, Yong Xuan is frivolous and impetuous since childhood, and his work is extremely unpopular, and his reputation outside is very poor, and he is a famous foolish prince, so he has not been loved by Qianlong since he was a child.
However, Yongxuan was a little good, he was very self-aware, he had no idea about the throne, he once said to people after drinking:
The emperor is bitter and tired, which is the work of a man, such as a rich prince like me to live happily.
Of course, this may also be what Yongxuan was afraid of causing the emperor's brother Jiaqing to be jealous of what he said, but Yongxuan did actually prove that he could not do anything other than drinking, Yongxuan did not show any political performance during the Qianlong period, and in the highlight of the Jiaqing period, he helped Jiaqing to balance hezhen's henchmen, and after that, no matter what errands Yongxuan did, he was confused and messed up, Jiaqing did not dare to send him errands again, and Yongxuan truly became a rich and noble prince.
Whether Yongxuan is to hide himself or not, in short, the reputation he left on people in history is not good, but Yongxuan's ending is very good, and he inherits the longevity gene of his father Qianlong and lives until then
Daoguang died at the age of 87 in the twelfth year (1832), making him the longest-lived prince in the history of the Qing Dynasty.
There is also Qianlong's youngest son, the seventeenth son, Yong Xuan, who is also famous for his foolish prince who has no great ambitions, Yong Xuan is not a martial artist, he loves money the most in his life and likes to do business, and the person he most admires is the corrupt official He Yan, and what he envies is not He Yan's ability, but He Yan's business mind.
Yong Xuan once said to the outside world: You can not be the emperor, but I hope that my brothers who become emperors can give me the mansion of He yan after cleaning up the dead and the emperor. Yong Xuan also became a well-known foolish prince in history who did not love the country and the mountains and loved the mansion.
Therefore, Qianlong's sons not only have few people who have lived through him, but also they are very mediocre, perhaps Qianlong learned the lesson of his grandfather's Kangxi period when his sons competed for the throne, he did not deliberately cultivate his sons too well, so the overall quality of Qianlong's sons was not high, and Jiaqing, who had more balanced ability, was highlighted among the short men.
Qianlong has a strong concept of concubine in his heart, and in Qianlong's eyes, Jiaqing is considered a concubine
Qianlong actually had a strong concept of concubine in his heart, he once said to the outside world that since the Qing Dynasty Emperor Taizong Taiji came to him, no emperor was succeeded to the throne as a concubine, so he wanted to succeed from himself, so Qianlong immediately followed the secret reserve system of the old father Yongzheng, and secretly established the second son born to Empress Fucha who was also the concubine Yonglian as the crown prince.
As a result, Yonglian died at the age of 9, and later Qianlong wanted to secretly appoint Yong chun, the seventh son of the emperor born to Empress Fucha, as crown prince, but before he could register Yong Chun, he died at the age of 2, and then Empress Fucha also died of the pain of losing her son twice, so that Qianlong's wife and concubine were all dead.
And Jiaqing is
In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), he was secretly registered as the crown prince by Qianlong, and at the time of the secret establishment of the qianlong, Qianlong's surviving sons included the fourth son of the emperor, Yongxuan, the sixth son of the emperor, Yongxuan, the eleventh son, the twelfth son, Yongxuan, the fifteenth son, and the seventeenth son, Yongxuan.
The fourth son, Yong jue, and the sixth son, Yong Yao, had earlier been succeeded by Qianlong to their uncles Yin Qi and Yin Xi as their grandsons, which meant that the two of them automatically lost the right to inherit the throne.
The twelfth son, Yong Xuan's biological mother, was the second empress of Qianlong, the Nala clan, according to the status of concubine, Yong Xuan's status was the most noble, but the Nala clan and the Qianlong Emperor lost peace and turned against each other, although they were not deposed, but in fact, they had been sent to the cold palace, and after death, they did not receive the empress's funeral, so in Qianlong's mind, Yong Xuan was no longer the son of the empress concubine, and naturally he would not be considered.
And Qianlong fortunately did not consider it
Yong Xuan, because he was too short-lived, died shortly after Qianlong secretly established the reserve, at the age of 24.
Yong Juan, Yong Xuan, and Yong Xuan were born to the same mother, all of whom were born to Qianlong's favored Shujia Emperor's noble concubine Jin Jia, who was a Korean, she was very popular with Qianlong and was named Jia Guifei when she was alive, although her son Yong Juan was inherited, Yong Xuan was not a tool, but Yong Yao was very talented.
Yong Yao was also the biggest competitor to the Jiaqing throne, Yong Yao was artificial in calligraphy, good at poetry and painting, he and Weng Fanggang, Liu Yong, Tie Bao and called Qianlong four masters, was a calligraphy master at that time, polite and polite, had deep contacts with readers, and won the support of readers at that time.
Yong Yao was once very deeply loved by Qianlong, and in Qianlong's later years, he and Jiaqing were the most loved by Qianlong and had the highest title, so the courtiers once speculated that the heir to Qianlong's secret reserve was produced among the two.
Yong Yao's birth mother, The Noble Concubine Jin Jia, was also very popular with Qianlong, but it was a pity that the Jin Jia clan was very much
Qianlong died in the twentieth year (1755), otherwise judging by Qianlong's love for the Jinjia clan, after Qianlong and the Nala clan fell out of harmony, the Jin jia clan was likely to become the actual lord of the harem, rather than Jiaqing's birth mother, The Concubine Wei Jia.
The early death of the Jin Jia clan also had a certain impact on Yong Yao, after all, Jiaqing's birth mother, Concubine Wei Jia, was very popular with Qianlong later, and after Qianlong and the empress Nala clan turned against each other, the Nala clan was abolished without being abolished, and Qianlong promoted Wei Jiashi to the imperial concubine to be the regent of the harem affairs, in fact, it was to replace the Nala clan as an empress, so Wei Jiashi was actually a wife-like existence in Qianlong's mind at that time.
Therefore, according to Qianlong's idea of seeing Wei Jiashi as a concubine, then he chose the crown prince after all, from the two sons born to Wei Jiashi, Jiaqing and Yongxuan, Yongxuan was young at that time and did not become an instrument when he became an adult, naturally he would not consider it, plus although Yongyao was talented, but Yongyao was too weak, not good at riding and shooting, and the corruption of people was very strong, Qianlong had publicly criticized him many times for this, but Yongxuan was still the same, so although Yongxuan was very talented, he could not satisfy Qianlong, so Jiaqing became the best candidate at that time.
Jiaqing was the most outstanding son among Qianlong's sons, and there were only two people who could compare with him except Yong Yao
Although Jiaqing was mediocre during his reign, in fact, Jiaqing himself was still relatively capable, his ability in literature and martial arts was very balanced, and he was also one of the more outstanding sons of Qianlong, and among the Qianlong sons, he could compete with Jiaqing's ability, except for Yong Yao, who was proficient in literature, only The fifth son of Qianlong, Yong Qi, and the sixth son, Yong Yao.
Qianlong's most satisfied and favored heir among the seventeen sons, in addition to his concubine Yonglian, was the fifth son Yongqi, who, according to historical records, was extremely intelligent from an early age, proficient in both literature and martial arts, proficient in many languages, and also worked in poetry, calligraphy and painting, and was better than his father Qianlong in riding and shooting.
Therefore, Qianlong has been very fond of Yongqi since childhood, and Yongqi's birth mother
The Kerryet clan was originally only a nobleman, and because of Qianlong's love for Yongqi, he specially promoted her to Princess Yue, and after his death, he was posthumously honored by Qianlong as a Noble Concubine of Pleasure.
Yongqi is not only very good at comprehensively balanced in ability, but more importantly, he has a good character and is extremely filial piety.
Qianlong once lived in the Yuanmingyuan Jiuzhou Qingyan Hall on fire, among the princes, only Yongqi braved the fire and rushed into the fire field to carry Qianlong and ran out, Qianlong believed that Yongqi was sincere and filial, so Qianlong once considered breaking the concept of concubines and secretly appointing Yongqi as crown prince.
However, Yongqi was not blessed, he died young at the age of 25, and before his death, Qianlong specially promoted him to prince of Rong in order to give him Chong Xi, and he was also the first prince among Qianlong's sons to be knighted as a prince of Jin, and the title of Prince Rong had a very unique meaning in the Qing Dynasty.
At the beginning, the Shunzhi Emperor was very fond of Dong Efei, after Dong Efei gave birth to the fourth son of the emperor, he wanted to make him the crown prince, but unfortunately the fourth son of the emperor died soon after, Shunzhi insisted on posthumously wanting to posthumously crown the fourth son of the emperor as the prince, but was prevented by his mother Empress Xiaozhuang, so Shunzhi posthumously named the fourth son of the emperor as the prince of Rong, and from then on, the title of prince of rong in the Qing Dynasty meant that it was linked to the position of prince, and since Shunzhi, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty would not have casually crowned the title of Prince Rong.
Therefore, Qianlong was crowned prince of Rong when Yongqi was critically ill in order to give him confidence and let him understand that Qianlong would make him crown prince after he was well, but it was a pity that Yongqi eventually died young.
After Yongqi's early death, Qianlong was very sad, for a long time Qianlong missed Yongqi very much, and when he was eighty years old, the British envoy Ma Garni visited China, and Qianlong once faced Ma Garni in front of Jiaqing and said that he loved the fifth son of the emperor the most among the sons, but unfortunately died young.
From the perspective of Qianlong's weight and love for Yongqi, if Yongqi does not die, the position of crown prince may not necessarily be the turn of Jiaqing, after all, Yongqi's ability in all aspects is better than Jiaqing, in fact, Jiaqing is even a weakened version of Yongqi, Yongqi is balanced in all aspects, and it is also excellent, and Jiaqing is balanced in all aspects, but not outstanding.
In addition to Yong Qi, the sixth son of the Emperor, Yong Yao, is also very good at literature, working in poetry and painting, and has deep literary attainments, Yong Yao is also one of the chief editors of the "Four Libraries", and yong yao is still the leader of Ji Xiaolan in terms of status. In Qianlong's later years, Yong Yao was deeply respected.
Yong Yao belonged to Qianlong's eyes, he was succeeded by Qianlong at the age of 17 to Kangxi's twenty-first son Yin Xi as a grandson, inheriting Yin Xi's title of Prince of Qian county, and later Qianlong found that Yong Yao was talented, so he became more and more important to him, and promoted him to the title of Prince of Quality, but by this time it was too late, Yong Yao was already a descendant of Yin Xi according to the lineage, so he lost the right to inherit the throne.
However, it didn't matter whether he lost the right to inherit the throne or not, because Yong Yao did not live past his father Qianlong in the end
In the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), Yong Yao died at the age of 48.
Therefore, in addition to Yong Yao, there were also people among Qianlong's sons who were capable of Jiaqing and were almost or even stronger than him, but none of them had survived old father Qianlong.
Therefore, the four most outstanding sons of Qianlong's sons were Yongqi, Yongyao, Yongyao and Jiaqing, of which Yongqi was Qianlong's most satisfactory heir, but unfortunately died young; Yongyao had the ability, but was inherited and lost the right to inherit and did not live through his father Qianlong; Yongyao belonged to the ability, but his character was flawed. Therefore, Jiaqing was even a son who barely made Qianlong more satisfied.
Write at the end
The overall quality of Qianlong's sons was not high, and his birth mother Wei Jia was still so loved by Qianlong, so Jiaqing eventually became Qianlong's heir to the throne.
In fact, Jiaqing was very prestigious during his time as a prince, and the Korean history books once praised Jiaqing, who was still a prince, calling it:
He studied hard, was well-known and disciplined, grew up in the forbidden, had a lot of reputation, was diligent in his studies, and was expected by others. He is heavy- and bright-minded, the emperor is favored, and the government and the opposition want to hope.
Jiaqing's mediocrity is relative to his father Qianlong, grandfather Yongzheng, and great-grandfather Kangxi, he inherited the prosperity of three generations of Kang Yongqian and did nothing, so he appeared to be mediocre.
In fact, in his later years, Qianlong's mountains and rivers were already declining in the Qing Dynasty, but Jiaqing, as his successor, did not realize this, he did not have the sense of innovation and courage, he only knew to follow the old Qianlong system.
Although Jiaqing was not lazy in history, and he also behaved very diligently, he was
Just know
"The heart of the imperial examination is the heart, and the rule of the imperial examination is the rule"
Following the old Qianlong system, he habitually painted the scoop according to the gourd, so he seemed to be diligent in government, but in fact he was also slacking off, because he no longer wanted to think about it anymore and then innovate the pros and cons, so Jiaqing's diligent administration was actually slacking off, just putting on a show.
In fact, this is also the inevitability of history, after all, Jiaqing caught up with the period of change in the ancient and modern times, he is still the thinking of ancient people, and he will not consider these changes at all, even if these sons of Qianlong are replaced by Yongqi or Yongxuan, the results are likely to be similar to Jiaqing, so Jiaqing's mediocrity is caused by the gap between the educational thinking he received and the situation of change in the times at that time.
Text/Kojima Zhifeng
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