In 399 BC, Socrates was falsely accused and executed. It was connected to one of his students, who was forced to leave Athens into exile for 12 years, and he was Plato. He studied with Socrates for eight years and was a true believer and close friend of Socrates.
Born in Athens to a slave-owning aristocratic family, Plato came from a privileged family and received a good education from an early age. He excelled in grammar and rhetoric and was interested in literature, writing many poems and other literary works. She is physically strong and physically strong, very fond of sports activities, good at multiple sports, he also loves music and painting, and both have high attainments.
After escaping athens, Plato traveled to many places, such as the ancient civilization of Egypt, the Greek colony of Hillini in North Africa, the city of Tallinn in the south of the Italian island, and the city-state of Syracuse in Sicily. In Syracuse, he was later sold into slavery due to political analysis with the city-state's governors. He was fortunate enough to meet friends to redeem him and send him back to Athens, when he was 40 years old.
In the experience of traveling in various countries, he came into contact with the political system of various countries, met many famous scholars, and learned the advanced scientific knowledge of various countries, which is of great significance for her future academic research and educational work. He engaged in academic research, books, and teaching activities at the college for 40 years until his death.
The academy and teaching and research and integration is the first Greek institution of higher learning and research at that time, but also the earliest higher education institution in Europe, the study and teaching of the college is very wide, including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, music theory, etc., students not only to learn scientific knowledge, but also to carry out sports and military training, this academy not only for Athens, but also for the Greek city-states to cultivate a large number of political and academic talents, the teaching form of the college not only adopts Socrates' question-and-answer method, but also uses speech, Self-study and other methods.
Plato proposed a more complete theory of education than Socrates, and his theory of education is concentrated in his famous work The Republic. Plato believed that the political systems of the various greek city-states at that time were not ideal, and there were many drawbacks, so he analyzed the various political systems of Greece at that time, as well as the political systems outside Greece at that time, such as Egypt, etc., and comprehensively summarized and designed his own political system as his ideal state.
This ideal state was actually a hierarchical state ruled by slave owners, and it was impossible to achieve, but there were also many good ideas, which had a great influence on the politics of the future market. There is quite a bit of space in the book "The Republic" about education, so the education community regards it as a very famous educational work.
In the "Republic" of the White Wave Diagram, slaves are not human beings and have no rights. Slave owners and free citizens were civil, but they were also divided into strict hierarchies. The first level is the protector, and when God made them, they added gold to them, so they are the supreme rulers of the country, responsible for overseeing the country and handling government affairs!
The second level is that the defenders added silver when they were created, and they are also rulers, responsible for defending the country against the enemy.
The third level is that the devotees, the Heavens, who added copper and iron when they were built, were peasant craftsmen and merchants whose task was to make offerings with their products, and the first two kinds of people, Plato, believed that if the country was to be in peace for a long time, these three kinds of people must each take their place and perform their duties. (What a high-quality ignorant idea, but much like the Indian hierarchy?) ）
Plato attached great importance to education, believing that education should be the top priority hosted by the rulers. He advocated that education should be handled by the state, strictly controlled by the state, that teachers should be hired by the state and what content should be taught should be reviewed by the state, he believed that all citizens, whether male or female, whether unified or ruled (except slaves), should receive compulsory education from an early age. He advocated early education and was the first to propose prenatal education. According to his argument, children's preschool education should be as early as possible, and preschool education should be based on games!
Children from the age of seven to 18 years old, should receive universal education, the content of universal education should include music and sports, music education here in addition to music and dance, but also include reading, writing, arithmetic and other cultural knowledge and literature, poetry and art and other content sports not only include gymnastics and other sports, but also military training.
Young people from the age of 18 to 20 are screened, and some of them have to receive advanced education, and this stage of education is mainly based on military sports training, but also to learn theoretical knowledge and natural science knowledge, such as arithmetic geometry, astronomy, music theory and so on.
After another screening, a small number of young people between the ages of 20 and 30 will be sent to higher schools for education, mainly for dialectical training, to cultivate keen abstract thinking skills, rich and profound imagination and memory beyond the masses, so that they will continue to study arithmetic geometry, astronomical music theory, and those who have been educated in this set can take up positions in the leadership of the state.
At the age of 30, another screening is carried out, and a few people can continue to study philosophy. After five years of study, at the age of 35, these people can take up more important positions of national leadership, they have undergone 15 years of practical training, and by the age of 50 they are undergoing rigorous examinations and selections, among them, a few of them can become philosophical kings, can be the supreme rulers of the country, these philosophies, the reward for the king should not be material wealth, but should be the successful realization of public undertakings, in short, this is Plato's ideal concept. (A bit like a Chinese civil servant haha)
Plato asked his students not to live in the real world, but in the world of ideas formed by the mind. He said that the triangle drawn on the sand can be erased, but the idea of the triangle is not limited by time and space, and what can survive in Plato's view, everything under the heavens is produced by ideas, including Plato himself, the real world is the shadow of ideas, this view of the world is called idealism, Plato can be called the representative of Greek idealism. (Comment: This is a bit similar to modern quantum science ahaha)
Plato's ideal state had a wide readership, but it is worth noting that the political system preached in the book was not used as, in reality, a template for the politics of which country. Marx once pointed out to the point: "Plato's ideal state is nothing more than the hereditary system of Egypt, idealized in an Athenian." Although Plato's ideal world is rarely realized, his influence on the world cannot be ignored.
In 347 BC, Plato, who was already 80 years old, took a nap while attending a wedding at an address, and then died, after his death, the academy he founded was presided over by disciples and passed down from generation to generation, and continued to exist for centuries.
#Plato ##History Cold Knowledge##Greece##Philosophy##世界历史 #