"Who has not died since ancient times?" Leave Dan in his heart. This thousand autumn song is a portrayal of the Southern Song Dynasty politician and literary scholar Wen Tianxiang's outlook on life, and has also become a "good Chinese voice" for spreading the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation to sacrifice his life for righteousness. Although Wen Tianxiang is not from Nanjing, and has been in Nanjing for less than three months, the people of Nanjing have always deeply remembered this anti-Yuan hero at the end of the Song Dynasty and built a number of memorial facilities for him. One of them is a place called "Snake Pan" in Maqun Street in Qixia District.
From the Yuan Dynasty to the late autumn of the sixteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1279), when the Southern Song Dynasty regime had collapsed, Jinling (present-day Nanjing) was also attacked by the Yuan Dynasty army, and the national hero Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the Yuan Dynasty capital Yanjing (present-day Beijing) through the place of "Snake Pan", where he once thought about yesterday and touched the scenery, and wrote the famous poem "Jinling Yi", which was desolate and desolate, and pinned on the hatred of the subjugated country. Later, in order to commemorate this national hero, in 1991, a monumental monument to Wen Tianxiang was built in the snake pan, and the stone stele was carved with his image on the front and the tragic "Jinling Yi" written by the calligrapher Ling Wenquan on the back.
《Jinlingyi》
[Song Dynasty] Wen Tianxiang
The grass closes and leaves the palace to turn to sunset, and the lonely clouds drift back to what is the right?
The scenery of mountains and rivers is no different, and the people of Chengguo are half gone.
Full of reeds and me old, old home swallows who fly?
From now on, jiangnan road, turned into a crying crane with blood.
Jinling, the capital of the Song Dynasty, was breached by the Yuan army four years ago; the poet was a former vassal of the Great Song Dynasty, and today he passes through here as a prisoner of the enemy army. In this autumn when the west wind is cold, in the face of the city's slanting sun and decaying grass and broken walls, what kind of taste should I have in my heart! In particular, the changes in the former emperor's palace are particularly shocking. The poet described the Jinling style and object, and it was from here that he wrote.
The first link "Grass closes away from the palace to turn to sunset, lonely clouds drift back to what is it?" "Two sentences, writing that the Forbidden City is sparse and has no support." The grass and the palace are opposite to "lonely clouds drifting", which tells the double misfortune of the country and the individual, and dyes the rational tone that the survival of the country and the fate of the individual are closely related.
The word "turn" of "turning the sunset" is used even more exquisitely, showing the artistic style of the prime minister: first of all, the "movement" of the sunset gradually tilting to the west and gradually falling reflects the poet's long-term gaze and long-term contemplation of the "quiet", and then corresponds to the "lonely clouds drifting back to Heyi", which triggers the poet's infinite sorrow and infinite pity like the Yangtze River. The image of a patriot in a sad and desolate situation with the ambition of "hating the East Wind and not borrowing from the world" and the ambition to restore the country jumped on the paper.
The scenery of mountains and rivers is no different, and the people of Chengguo are half gone. In two sentences, it is written that the country and the mountains are still the same, and the city and the people have fallen into the hands of the enemy. The sentence "The scenery of the mountains and rivers is the same", which is neutralized from "the scenery is not different, and there is a difference between the mountains and rivers" (see "The New Language of the World"), the opposite sentence "The people of Chengguo are half gone", and are neutralized from "Going home for a thousand years and returning to the present, and the people of Chengguo are not like the old people" (see "Afterword of Searching for God"). The two verses of poetry constitute a sharp contrast; the green mountains and rivers are still the same, while the city walls are decadent, the style is lost, the people are changed, and most of the people's families change owners. The abrupt change is set off with invariance, thus highlighting the poet's homeland thoughts.
Neck link "Full of reeds and I old, old house swallows who fly?" "In two sentences, the poet laments aging and nostalgia for the past." Reed flowers on the ground" and "swallows of the old family", from the details of the pen, through the depiction of a grass and a bird, with an anthropomorphic techniques, empathetic to things, further express the sad feelings brought about by the destruction of the family and the country.
There are wild reeds, cold winds, and the poet is alone in it. This "old" character, which is both a metaphor for self-image and a lament for the anti-Yuan deeds of "The Lost Figure of Wanli Jin'ou" (the second part of "Jinling Yi"), is written deeply and gracefully. The sentence "The old swallows flying" implicitly uses the poetic meaning of Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane" and the meaning of Du Fu's "If the old nest is not destroyed, it will fly to the master" in Du Fu's "Guiyan", which cleverly corresponds to "the people of Chengguo are half gone".
Tail Lian "from the present part of the river South Road, transformed into a crying crane with blood return." Two sentences, writing the poet determined to martyr the country and return to the south. This time, the poet is parting ways with the "Jiangnan Road", that is, with the motherland, it is impossible to survive without surrendering, but the head can be broken, the blood can flow, "the wok is as sweet as a glutton" ("Song of Righteous Qi"), a piece of loyalty will never move, then it can only "turn into a crying crane with blood return".
This sentence uses the allusion that Du Yu, the emperor of the ancient Shu kingdom, soulized the cuckoo, saying that he was "a magnetic needle in the heart of the subject, and does not follow the fang's oath endlessly" ("YangziJiang"), even if he dies, the soul will be transformed into a cuckoo, and every early spring and February, he will fly back to the south and mourn for the homeland, crying like a cuckoo until he vomits blood. This kind of deep affection of dying without forgetting the homeland is extremely painful and tragic.
"Jinlingyi" is a piece of music of a failed hero, so its lyrical way is not an impassioned and generous shout, but a deep and tragic tone. Good at using allusions and imagery language, the meaning is subtle and rich. The images used in the poems are all dilapidated and decaying things, all with a dull and sad color, which complement the content written and successfully express the sorrow of the subjugation of the country.
The allusions used in the poems are all the rise and fall of the previous generation, and most of them are related to the ancient city of Jinling, and they are all in line with the poet's personal feelings, and they are used very appropriately and naturally, and indeed they are "not aware of things, such as chest language" ("Yan's Family Training Article"), not only does not have the feeling of "separation" and "astringency", but increases the capacity and lyrical strength of the poem. It is precisely with the help of scenery and dictionaries that the emotions of the whole poem are expressed so deeply and deeply, with a swing of breath and tears.