China's history has been full of vicissitudes and wars, up and down the history of China for five thousand years, there are more than 20 dynastic changes, this is only a relatively large number of dynastic changes since the recorded, not counting the wars between the tribes before the Xia Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the Three Kingdoms, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and other princes, almost every two hundred years there will be wars that sweep through the entire Chinese land, even in the relatively stable periods of Han, Tang, Ming, Song, etc., the war has hardly stopped, in the time of dynastic changes. There will always be many tragic heroes and proud figures emerging in history, at the same time, there will also be greedy for life and fear of death, coveting pleasure of cartilaginous shrimp is despised, today Xiaobian listed a few of the most backbone and the most spineless representative figures, let's take a look at it.
The most skeletal representatives are
Bo Yi and Shu Qi: Do not eat Zhou Su
Boyi and Shuqi were the two sons of a prince at the end of the Shang Dynasty. It is said that before the prince died, he wanted his younger son Shu Qi to inherit the throne of the princes, but when the princes died, the younger son wanted his brother Boyi to inherit the throne, and his brother Boyi was unwilling, and his younger brother Shu Qi was also unwilling, so both of them fled to the fiefdom of the King of Zhou.
Later, King Wu of Zhou sent troops and the Shang Dynasty army to fight a decisive battle in Muye, the blood flowed into the river, the corpse mountain was everywhere, the Shang Dynasty temporarily recruited slaves who participated in the war to defect, the King of Zhou Wu took advantage of the situation to invade the Shang Dynasty capital Chaoge, destroyed the Shang Dynasty, and established the Zhou Dynasty, Boyi Shuqi and the two people did not agree with this practice very much, so they vowed never to eat the food of the Zhou Dynasty again, at that time the whole world belonged to the Zhou Dynasty, and they went to the mountains together to dig wild vegetables to fill their hunger. Eventually starved to death on the mountain. Their acts of humility and non-eating of Zhou Su and martyrdom were highly praised by the Confucians. The mutual humility between the two brothers Bo Yi and Shu Qi is the brotherhood and brotherhood advocated by Confucianism, which perfectly conforms to Confucian thought, without eating Zhou Su, and also in line with the Confucian idea of loyalty to the king, and in line with the needs of the ruling classes of later dynasties, so they will be known to us for a long time, and their deeds will be passed down to this day.
Suvu: Nineteen years of shepherding sheep on Lake Baikal
Su Wu, a native of Duling (present-day Xi'an) during the Western Han Dynasty, sent an envoy to the Xiongnu as an envoy on the orders of the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and after arriving at the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu detained Su Wu in order to face the Western Han Dynasty, threatening and inducing Su Wu to defect to the Xiongnu, and after Su Wu sternly refused, the Xiongnu took Su Wu to the North Sea (present-day Lake Baikal), gave him a group of rams to let him herd, and said that only the sheep he released gave birth to lambs before releasing him back to the Western Han Dynasty. Su Wu went through hardships and maintained his integrity in the nineteen years of Xiongnu sheep herding without yielding to the Xiongnu.
Later, someone said to Su Wu: "We have captured a prisoner of the Western Han Dynasty, and according to him, the officials and people below the Western Han Dynasty are wearing white filial piety clothes, and it should be that the Western Han Emperor is dead." Su Wu cried to the south after hearing this, and since then he has been crying every morning and evening for several months.
It was not until the sixth year of the first century (81 BC) that the Xiongnu saw that Su Wu was old and had no hope of surrendering before releasing him back to the Western Han Dynasty, and after Su Wu's death, Emperor Xuan of Han listed him as one of the eleven heroes of the Qilin Pavilion, demonstrating his integrity. From the good period of his prime, in order to maintain his integrity as an envoy of the Western Han Dynasty and avoid the Humiliation of the Western Han Dynasty because of himself, he went through arduous sheep herding to a full head of hair and a slender body, showing the arrogance of Zheng Zheng.
Wen Tianxiang: Who has not died since ancient times, leave Dan in his heart!
Wen Tianxiang, a statesman, writer, patriotic poet at the end of the Song Dynasty, a famous courtier who resisted the invasion of the Yuan Dynasty, was known as a national hero, and together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, he was known as the "Three Masters of the Late Song Dynasty". Zeng guan to cheng xiang, the Yuan Dynasty army marched south to the Song Dynasty, the Han nation faced danger, the song dynasty other ministers advocated surrender, Wen Tianxiang strongly advocated resisting the Yuan army. His resistance to the Yuan army is not foolish loyalty to the Song Dynasty, but unwilling to give up their homeland and the toiling people living here together, and later because of the defeat was captured by the Yuan army, on the way to escort Wen Tianxiang north, everywhere he went, Wen Tianxiang would think of the local loyal soul figures who died for the struggle, and their spirit of resistance further resonated with the spirit of Wen Tianxiang, after arriving in Beijing, the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan admired Wen Tianxiang very much, and wanted to attract his subordinates to serve him and send a lot of people to persuade him to surrender. But Wen Tianxiang preferred to die and only wanted to die. Wen Tianxiang calmly faced death, bowed to the south on the execution ground, and generously died at the age of forty-seven. In his clothes, there is this text: "Confucius said cheng ren, Mencius said to take righteousness, only loyalty to the end, ren also did it." What do you learn by reading the books of the sages? From now on, it can be regarded as a clear conscience."
Mao Zedong: Count the popular figures, but also look at the present dynasty
Mao Zedong, the founder of New China, resolutely and with a group of like-minded people to form the Communist Party of China at a moment of peril in the chinese nation, he even used his profound military thinking and unpredictable command ability to lead the Chinese Red Army to climb snowy mountains, cross meadows, and cross red waters to crush the encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army, and after the successful meeting of the division in northern Shaanxi, he fully united the poor masses and all those who could be united to defeat the reactionary rule of Japanese imperialism and the Kuomintang, established a new China, and even more led New China on the basis of poverty and whiteness. Self-reliance, hard work, after several generations of continuous efforts, cast the oriental lion standing in the world today.
This is a small list of the most backbone of the character representatives, there are many characters are also very backbone, they have also made immortal contributions to the development of the Chinese nation and the great rejuvenation, but the space is limited, not one by one example, you can continue to discuss in the message board.
The most spineless representative
Speaking of spineless people, there will be a few in all dynasties and dynasties, but to pick out the most spineless, it is really not easy to judge, Xiaobian today will give two examples to win eyeballs.
Qin Juniper: Lord and Zhongliang
Speaking of Qin Juniper, I am afraid that no one will think of any benefits for him; in the records of history, he is a traitor who disregards jiangshan and harms Zhongliang for his own selfish desires, increases taxes, makes the people's strength difficult, makes the people unhappy, and starves to death; advocates peace, abandons the dignity of the Great Song Dynasty, bends his knees to ask for perfection from the Jin Commission, and pays compensation to Jin; frames Zhongliang, and in order to meet the jin state's proposals and demands, the Emperor of the Song Dynasty even ordered Yue Fei to return to Beijing, and there is no need to kill Yue Fei in the Wind Wave Pavilion without any crime, and tilt his internal power to the opposition With a strong wrist and a humble knee to the outside world, a slave image, posterity in order to punish the world, cast his bronze statue and kneel in front of Yue Fei's grave, which shows his hatred for him.
Qian Qianyi: The water is cold and weak, and it is unbearable to be cold
Qian Qianyi, the leader of the Donglin Party of the Ming Dynasty, the rebbe waiter, when the Qing soldiers came to the city of Nanjing, his wife Liu Ru advised him to throw himself into the river and martyr the country together, Qian Qianyi pondered for a long time, went to the river and reached out to try the water temperature, saying that the water was too cold, I was old and weak, I could not bear the cold, or would I jump again another day? Liu Ru was dragged out by him after deciding to jump into the river, and then the city was destroyed, Qian Qianyi went north to the Qing court as a ceremonial attendant, and after the qing surrender, he was not willing to accept his position and did not meet his expectations, secretly contacted and funded the anti-Qing rebels, thinking of opposing the Qing and restoring the Ming, delusionally trying to leave a good reputation in history, if the real restoration of the Ming succeeded, then he was also a hero of the restoration, he must be promoted to the rank of knight, continue to enjoy the glory and wealth, which made the people of the former dynasty dissatisfied with his surrender to the Qing court as an official in the Qing court, and also made the Qing court feel disgusted by his private anti-Qing and anti-Qing. Later, the two emperors of Kangxi and Qianlong issued edicts many times, beating Qian Qianyi to the bottom, and his learning was also denounced as "where is the light in the article?" because of his character." It can be said that a precedent has been set for "using people to abandon words" in the evaluation of Qian Qianyi, and the literary works and people associated with him have also been suppressed.
The above figures are only a drop in the ocean, whether it is the most backbone figure or the most spineless figure, there are many in Chinese history, the benevolent see the benevolent, the wise see the wise, there is no conclusive conclusion, but the concept of human right and wrong is still very clear, do not seek to make much contribution to mankind, but at the very least there must be a moral bottom line, can not in order to satisfy their own selfish desires, disregard the interests of others and the interests of the country, sell their souls, although such a person may get a momentary satisfaction, But in the end, it will be nailed to the column of shame of history.