With a true heart, pass on the true scriptures. Hello everyone! When the snow falls heavily, the northern country is already wrapped in silver, and the south is even more wet and cold. At night, Hangzhou, which has entered winter, still has a trace of cold rain. However, the days of enjoying the snow in the furnace and listening to the folding bamboo are also closer.
#感知节气 #
Heavy snow is the third solar term of winter and marks the beginning of mid-winter. There is such a saying in the "Explanation of the Seventy-two Waiting For the Moon Order": "Heavy snow, November Festival." The big one, Sheng ye. So far, the snow is in full swing. Compared with the light snow festival, the "big" and "sheng" mentioned here are not necessarily an increase in snowfall, but an increase in the probability of snowfall. Song Yingjie, who has hosted the "Weather Forecast" program for many years, is known as "Mr. China Meteorologist", wrote in the book "Twenty-Four Festivals" that "the biggest difference between heavy snow festivals and small snow festivals is that when there is light snow, the snow melts with the fall; when there is heavy snow, the snow accumulates with the fall." ”
Popularize the three days of heavy snow with the article:
A waiting quail does not sound
The second tiger began to surrender
Sanhou Li stood out
#品味古诗 #
Heavy snow festival, let us taste the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue" in the midst of tea fragrance
Thousands of mountain birds flew away, and thousands of people disappeared.
Lonely boat, fishing alone in the snow of the Cold River.
The empty mountains have disappeared without a trace of birds; the roads in the wild have disappeared the footprints of pedestrians. The world is beautiful and "frozen" people, and the heavens and the earth are vast. An old fisherman in a cloak and a bucket hat fished alone in a lonely boat on the river.
Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue", which was composed around the time of his tenure in Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan), is an embedded poem, "thousand, thousand, lonely, and alone" that tells the poet's incomparably lonely and pure heart.
● Approaching the poet
Let us follow the ups and downs of the poet's life and get close to this great and ill-fated poet.
【Famous talents, flat steps】
In 773, Liu Zongyuan was born in the capital Chang'an. Liu Zongyuan can be described as the "second generation of officials" and has favorable family conditions. One of the "Three Surnames of Hedong", the Hedong Liu clan, has the blood of a politician in his blood. Reading the family tree of the Liu clan, it is indispensable to be eminent: the seventh ancestor Liu Qing was the Northern Wei Shizhong and the Duke of Yin; the Tang Gao Bo Zu Liu Yi was once the prime minister; the great-grandfather Liu Congyu and the grandfather Liu Chagong both served as county orders; and his father Liu Zhen served as a servant of the imperial history. The mother of the Lu clan is from the famous Fanyang Lu clan and is also the family of official eunuchs.
In the Jingxi Manor, liu Zongyuan in his childhood, under the education of his mother, loved to read and write, and became a "literary high-quality student". The most famous testimony is that when he was thirteen years old, he sensationalized Chang'an City with a brilliant literary article "For Cui Zhong's He Ping Li Huaiguang Watch".
If his mother was Liu Zongyuan's "literary mentor", then his father was his "sociological tutor". The young Liu Zongyuan did not have the traditional "official eunuch disciple" style, and he developed a character of integrity and humility. Not only could he read the books with words, but he also followed his father's footsteps to see through many big books of "society": Liu Zongyuan encountered the "Jianzhong Rebellion" when he was nine years old, personally experienced the war of "feudal town division" at the age of twelve, and when he followed his father to jiangxi and other places, he had a lot of contact with the real society, which was equivalent to Liu Zongyuan's social investigation and played a positive role in his later political thinking.
In 793 AD, Liu Zongyuan, who had just passed the year of the weak crown, learned the "naked examination" with his talent, and entered the ranks in one fell swoop, but unfortunately Liu Zhen, who was still immersed in the joy of his son's examination for meritorious name, passed away. Liu Zongyuan kept the funeral for three years, and in 796 he entered the secretarial province as a school secretary, and since then he has entered the official field and embarked on a career path. Two years later, Liu Zongyuan, who had a political gene, won the list in one fell swoop with a good learning foundation, and was awarded the orthography of the Xiandian Academy (the official rank was from jiupin), officially entering the "circle of high-ranking officials".
Due to his remarkable political achievements, in 803, Liu Zongyuan was promoted to the post of inspector of Theoryi, reaching the peak of his political career.
【Participate in innovation, sink and float the sea】
In 805, Emperor Dezong of Tang died, and Emperor Shunzong of Tang ascended the throne, and Emperor Shunzong reused Wang Ling, Wang Shuwen, and others. Because of the same political views, Liu Zongyuan, who had already seen through the corruption of the officialdom, became the backbone of the "reformist political clique." The "Second King" carried out the "Yongzhen Reform", suppressed the power of the feudal towns, strengthened the centralization of power, and tried to regain the military power held by the eunuchs and the feudal towns. Just as the reforms were in full swing, Shunzong fell ill, and the eunuchs joined forces with the Foreign Clan to pressure Shunzong to abdicate.
The town of Domain was divided
Yongzhen innovation
In August of the same year, Emperor Shunzong was forced to abdicate the throne and Emperor Xianzong took the throne. A son of heaven and a courtier. After coming to power, Emperor Xianzong wielded a "sword and axe" at the "reformist political clique." Naturally, it was the first to take the "second king" to open the knife: first, Wang Shuwen was demoted to Yuzhou Sihu, Wang Ling was made Sima of Kaizhou, Wang Ling died of illness shortly after his arrival, and Wang Shuwen was also given death soon after. Reforms that lasted more than three months ended in failure.
Under the nest, Ann has finished eggs? The reformers, who have lost their political backing, have dealt a fatal blow. "Death penalties can be spared, and living sins cannot be escaped", Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and eight other important members were successively demoted to Sima in remote areas. At this point, these reformers, who usually served as officials in the capital, fell into the trough of their lives.
In this political turmoil, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to the title of Assassin of Shaozhou, and on the way to his post, he was demoted to Sima of Yongzhou. This kind of derogatory blow corresponds to Feng Menglong's writing in "Awakening to the World": "The leak in the house is in the overnight rain, and the ship is late and meets the head wind." In this way, several holy decrees sent Liu Zongyuan to Yongzhou, where people were strange and strange, and completely changed his life.
【Yongzhou ten years, bitterly support the sick body】
Yongzhou, what a place? We can learn from Liu Zongyuan's "Jianshu with Li Hanlin" that "Yongzhou yu chu is the southernmost, similar to Yue, and the servant is bored to travel, and the tour is more fearful." There are vipers and large bees in the wilderness, looking up at the ground, tired. Near the water, it is afraid of archers, sand lice, angry stealing hair, the shadow of a person, moving into a sore. "What kind of wild land is that?" When I was bored, I wanted to go out for a walk, but I was afraid. Poisonous snakes and large bees will appear at any time, and when they come to the water's edge, they will be afraid of the shooters, sand lice, and other poisonous insects that "insinuate", and they will cause trauma at every turn.
In such a wilderness land, the impact on Liu Zongyuan's body can not be simply summed up by a sentence of "water and soil disobedience", in the "Book with Li Hanlin", from the letter, we also learned that when Liu Zongyuan first arrived in Yongzhou, he suffered from the disease of chest and abdomen obstruction, and after taking the unilateral side, he had sequelae: when walking, his knees and hair trembled, sat down, and his thighs were numb, which can be described as sitting and lying down, please ask his friends to send good medicine or a good recipe. It is not difficult to see the harsh living environment of Yongzhou.
【For the government, care for the people】
Compared with the physical devastation, Liu Zongyuan's depression and unmotivity brought him more influence and blows. Trapped in the mountains of Yongzhou, Liu Zongyuan is like a lion locked in an iron cage, who was once depressed, feeling that life is so gray, fate is so unfair, and the future is so confused.
When he first arrived in Yongzhou, Liu Zongyuan temporarily lived in Longxing Temple. Half a year later, after experiencing the pain of long-distance travel and being poor in the mountains and rivers, his mother Fan Shi passed away, and Liu Zongyuan, who experienced the pain of losing his mother, fell to a freezing point.
Liu Zongyuan, who had a buddhist relationship, traveled to the temple temple in Yongzhou, and studied the Buddhist scriptures under the abbot of Longxing Temple. The morning bell and the twilight drum, the Sound of the Buddha, And Liu Zongyuan's wounded heart were gradually soothed. The grief of coming to Yongzhou for the first time gradually faded away, and he re-examined the landscape of Yongzhou with the poet's unique poetry and a Buddha heart, and then placed his feelings between the mountains and rivers.
Over time, Liu Zongyuan, who was close to the mountains and waters, even fell in love with Yongzhou and wrote the "Eight Records of Yongzhou" in one breath. According to records, most of the more than 500 poems in the Complete Works of Liu Hedong were written in Yongzhou.
Among them, there are many exquisite sketches such as "The Record of Xiaoshitan in the West of the Little Hill", which is now selected into the current middle school Chinese textbook, and here is an excerpt:
Take a hundred and twenty steps west from the hillock, across the bamboo, smell the sound of water, such as the ring of the ring, the heart is happy. Cut the bamboo to take the road, and see the small pond, the water is especially clear. The whole stone is the bottom, near the shore, the bottom of the rolling stone is out, for the rock, for the island, for the mountain, for the rock. Green trees, swaying, jagged. The fish in the pond can be hundreds of heads, and they are all empty and have nothing to rely on.
—— Liu Zongyuan, "To the Little Hill West Xiaoshitan" (excerpt)
Liu Zongyuan, who is on the political side, does his best to observe the people's feelings and understands the sufferings of the people on this land in depth. This may be the gospel of the people living in Yongzhou, where "the old and the young are poor".
【Turbulent displacement, eclipsed death】
According to historical records, in January 815 (Yuan and 10), Liu Zongyuan received an edict asking him to return to Beijing immediately. Liu Zongyuan was overjoyed, thinking that the hard days had finally come to an end, so he quickly packed up and embarked on a long road back to Beijing. After more than a month of trekking, Liu Zongyuan returned to Chang'an.
However, Liu Zongyuankong rejoiced. The reason was that he was hated by the gang of Wu Yuanheng, who had twice worshiped him. History once again made a joke with Liu Zongyuan. Liu Zongyuan, the victim of the power struggle, stayed in the prosperous capital of Chang'an for a month and finally waited for a paper order, which was eventually reduced to Liuzhou Assassin History. The imperial order is difficult to violate, and the bitter life is difficult to change. Liu Zongyuan spent three months, bumping all the way, and arrived in Liuzhou in June of that year to take up his post.
In 819 (Yuan and 14), Emperor Xianzong granted amnesty to the world, and under the strong persuasion of Pei Du, who had assisted Emperor Xianzong in achieving "Yuan and Zhongxing", summoned Liu Zongyuan back to Beijing. However, this time, Liu Zongyuan did not even enter the capital, and died of illness in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November of that year, at the age of 47. The death of a very talented poet is so depressing.
● Walk into poetry
Later poetry critics have a very high evaluation of this short twenty-word poem, which will not be repeated here. Let's brush off the dust of history, walk into a few key words in the poem, and reopen the poem in this way.
【Snow】
"A thousand mountain birds fly away, and ten thousand paths of people disappear", what a snow this should be! Yongzhou, located at the southern tip of Hunan, was not related to heavy snow. It is strange to say that in the few years that Liu Zongyuan came to Yongzhou, every winter, extremely cold weather occurred frequently. Liu Zongyuan said in his "Reply to the Wei NeutralIty Theory of the Daoist Book": "In the winter of the second year, fortunately, there was heavy snowfall, and the mountains were overrun by several states in South Vietnam. This is equivalent to this sentence in the "Climate Diary" which means: (Yuan He) In the winter of the following year, heavy snow crossed the Nanling Mountains, covering several states and counties in the land of South Vietnam. In this way, Yongzhou under the heavy snow is really a bitter cold place.
Reading sentences such as "A thousand mountains and birds fly away, and ten thousand paths disappear" will resonate with this poem that "there is a chill in reading" - it is really cold!
The opening verse is a big deal. Although Liu Zongyuan is in a corner of Yongzhou, he can banish his vision to the world. The vast snow scene seems so vast and lonely in the poet's pen. Everything is so quiet, everything is so silent.
【Boat】
In this vast, nearly static world, there were sudden signs of life. Liu Zongyuan adjusted the long-range view to the close-up view, focusing on the "Lonely Boat Kasa-wong". A boat is a lonely boat. In the distance, on the same vast river, this leaf boat seemed so lonely.
【Weng】
On top of this lonely boat, an old man wearing a hat sat "fishing alone in the snow of the Cold River". Reading this sentence, we can't help but have many questions: Why not "fishing for the Cold River fish alone"? In the midst of the ice and snow, can "Kasa-ong" catch fish? Is it because of the compulsion of life that he braved the snow to fish? So cold, the river surface may also be frozen, right? Shouldn't he be able to chisel ice fishing... Allow us to cross over, liu Zongyuan if he sees so many of our questions, he may laugh bitterly. There may or may not be a "Kasa-ong", it's just a life I aspire to. Fishing in the Cold River alone, I am actually not about whether I can catch fish, this is just the state of mind.
Is this scene similar to qu Yuan's experience of lamenting that "the whole world is cloudy and I am alone, and everyone is drunk and I am awake"? The history is strikingly similar. Isn't the "Lonely Boat" above the "Lonely Boat" exactly like the fisherman who said, "Qu Yuan is released and swimming in the river pool", and the fisherman who happened to meet him said, "The water of the waves is clear, you can be mao wu miao; the water of the waves is muddy, you can be muddy"? Qu Yuan and Liu Zongyuan, both of whom are both ministers of external release, are equally worried about the country and the people, but Liu Zongyuan is more advanced and profound, and has written a seemingly innocent "Gong Kasa Weng", which can even be regarded as his own incarnation.
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