Sima Yi was the last big boss of the Cao clan, so to speak, so what did Sima Yi and his descendants do that would cause their family to suffer the scourge of annihilation?
We must first understand Sima Yi, Sima Yi (179 – September 7, 251), also known as Zhongda, was a native of Xiaojingli, Wen County, Hanoi (present-day Wen County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei politician, military strategist, and courtier, one of the founders of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Everyone pays attention to the founder of the Western Jin Dynasty, who is revered by his descendants as the High Ancestor of Jin. The Western Jin Dynasty was a unified dynasty after the Three Kingdoms, but it existed for 51 years and was not recognized by later scholars, and the Sima family was exterminated because of its claim to the emperor and its future actions.
I list here the immoral deeds done by Sima Yi and his descendants, namely, sima shi replacing cao shi as the biggest winner of the Three Kingdoms, slaughtering the Cao clan and heroes, and almost annihilating the Chinese nation by the Wuhu Chaohua. There is also a reason why Sima Yi is known as having the appearance of an eagle and a wolf.
Among the Three Kingdoms, although Cao Wei was the most powerful party, it failed in the end, and the demise of Cao Wei was naturally due to the Sima Yi family. It is worth noting that for the Sima Yi family, the reason why they could replace the Cao clan was obviously not achieved overnight, but after long-term efforts, the goal of establishing the Western Jin Dynasty was achieved. In the author's opinion, the demise of Cao Wei can be divided into three steps, or called a trilogy. Among them, gaoping lingzhi became the beginning, and the battle to destroy Shu was the final chapter.
Step 1: The Change of GaopingLing
Before the Gaopingling Rebellion, no one could have seen that Sima Yi would usurp power. However, after the gaopingling change, the tendency of the Sima Yi family to replace the Cao clan became more and more obvious. In the first month of the first year of Jiaping (249), the Wei emperor Cao Fang left Luoyang to pay homage to the Wei Ming Emperor Gao Pingling, and the general Cao Shuang, the central leader Cao Xi, and the Wuwei general Cao Xun all followed suit. Sima Yi took the opportunity to play Empress Guo and asked Cao Shuang's brothers to be deposed. In the face of Sima Yi's sudden attack, Cao Shuang held on to The Songzhang, left Cao Fang in the south of Yishui, and sent thousands of troops to defend himself. Huan Fan persuaded Cao Shuang to take the emperor hostage to Xuchang and issue a document to recruit the warriors and horses of the world. Cao Shuang was really confused and did not follow his plan. As a result, under Sima Yi's promise, Cao Shuang gave up resistance, that is, did not blackmail tianzi to order the princes. Against this background, Sima Yi broke his promise and killed Cao Shuang and his henchmen He Yan, Ding Mi, Deng Biao, Bi Rail, Li Sheng, huan fan, etc., on the charge of treason, and exterminated the three tribes.
In February of the first year of Jiaping (249), Cao Fang appointed Sima Yi as chancellor, but Sima Yi was not allowed to resign from the post of chancellor. In December, the edict ordered the gift of adding nine tins, and the pilgrimage would not worship, and Sima Yi insisted on saying nine tins. After the gaopingling rebellion, with the purging of Cao Shuang's forces, Sima Yi was able to take power of Cao Wei. Of course, this is obviously still a long way from replacing Cao Wei and establishing the Western Jin Dynasty. Moreover, Sima Yi was already more than 70 years old at the time. Therefore, for Sima Yi, not only did he not claim the title of king like Cao Cao, but even the position of chancellor was unwilling to accept. In Sima Yi's view, the process of replacing Cao Wei naturally needed Sima Shi and others to complete it.
Step 2: Quell the three rebellions in Huainan
After the Gaopingling Rebellion, the Sima Yi family mainly controlled the power of the Cao Wei court and basically controlled the military power of the western front of Cao Wei. This was because Sima Yi had long guarded the Yongliang region and resisted the Northern Expedition of Zhuge Liang, the chancellor of the Shu Han Dynasty. However, for the soldiers on the eastern front of Cao Wei, they were not Sima Yi's confidants. Therefore, the initiators of the three rebellions in Huainan were mainly the generals of the eastern front of Cao Wei. The three rebellions in Huainan occurred in the late Cao Wei period, due to Sima Shi's usurpation of power, so that the commander who controlled Cao Wei's important town of Shouchun had three mutinies against Sima Shi. The three rebellions were Wang Ling's rebellion (April 251), Yiqiu Jianwenqin's rebellion (the first month of 255), and Zhuge Zhi's rebellion (May 257 – February 258). All three rebellions were quelled by sima shi.
Step 3: The Battle of Wei and Shu
Finally, in August 263, Sima Zhao, a powerful minister of the State of Wei, decided to launch a war against Shu Han and sent Zhong Hui, Deng Ai, and Zhuge Xu to attack Shu. The Shu generals Jiang Wei and Liao Hua led an army to use the dangerous road of Jiange (present-day Jiange, Sichuan) as a barrier to block the main force of the Wei army. Before launching the Battle of Wei and Shu, Sima Zhao killed Cao Xian, the emperor. Although Sima Zhao killed the emperor, no generals raised troops against Sima Zhao. However, Sima Zhao still underwent a lot of pressure. Therefore, the war between Wei and Shu was also launched because Sima Zhao wanted to alleviate the accusations of the benevolent people in the world. In the Battle of Wei and Shu, Deng Ai adopted a pedantic strategy, and when the main forces of wei and Shu armies were facing each other at Jiange, he led his elite troops to detour through Yinping (northwest of present-day Wen County, Gansu), crossed more than 700 miles of desolate areas, chiseled mountains and opened roads, and surprised Jiangyou (present-day jiangyoubei, Sichuan). In the hinterland of the Shu Han Dynasty, Mianzhu broke through Zhuge Zhan, captured Fucheng (涪城, in modern Mianyang, Sichuan), and marched into Chengdu.
In this context, the later lord Liu Chan surrendered to the Wei army because of Deng Aibing's presence in the city. In this regard, in the author's opinion, because of the successful elimination of Shu Han, Sima Zhao undoubtedly had the confidence to replace Cao Wei. However, in August of the second year of Xianxi (265), Sima Zhao died of illness at the age of fifty-five and was buried in chongyang Mausoleum. Because he died in 265 AD, Sima Zhao failed to accomplish his goal of establishing the Western Jin Dynasty. After Sima Zhao's death, his son Sima Yan formally destroyed the State of Wei and established the Western Jin Dynasty. In summary, in the trilogy of Cao Wei's demise, Gao Pingling's transformation became the beginning, the pacification of the three rebellions in Huainan was the key, and the battle of Wei to destroy Shu was the final chapter. After the trilogy, Cao Wei, who existed in name only, was just waiting for a full stop.
It can be seen from this that the depth of Sima Yi's city government makes people sweaty, and the great traitor Xiang Zhong is to describe Sima Yi as a person.
Sima Yi
Later, his descendants were the first to create an idiom Sima Zhaoxin that everyone knew.
In the ten years from the beginning of the first decade (249), Sima Yi and his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao successively launched the Gaopingling Rebellion and the Jiaping Rebellion to suppress the three rebellions in Huainan. In these incidents, the Sima clique deposed The Young Emperor Cao Fang, forced cao Biao to die, and killed the ministers Cao Shuang, Huan Fan, He Yan, Wang Ling, Xiahou Xuan, Li Feng, Zhang Ji, Xu Yun, Yu Qiujian, Zhuge Shi, and others (most of whom were known as his family), and their power was increasingly consolidated.
The Sima Group pays attention to raising cronies and cultivating forces. Sima Shi had secretly raised three thousand dead soldiers. Sima Zhao also raised dead parties, such as Cheng Ji who killed Sima Zhaojun, and served as a prince when he killed Cao Zhao; there is no record of Cao Zhao's crown prince in the heirloom literature, and Hu San Province judged that Chengji's position as prince was the result of Sima Zhao's private assignment. They also paid attention to controlling military power, and Jia Chong, the middle protector who controlled the forbidden army, was Sima Zhao's confidant.
Cao Xianzhi
From the tenth year of the first century (249) to the third year of Ganlu (258), the imperial power of Cao Wei was gradually declining. In particular, after Cao Fang was deposed, the palace guards were greatly reduced, and only the old and weak were guarded; according to Yuqiu Jian, Sima Shi did not go on a pilgrimage to see the monarch, and Cao Xi wanted to inquire about his illness, but sima shi refused, and the decline of imperial power was evident.
Although Cao Xian had no real power, he was talented and early, and he was interested in Zhongxing Cao Wei, especially admiring Shaokang of the Zhongxing Xia Dynasty. At the beginning of his reign, Cao Huan took measures such as reducing the degree of provincial use and sending attendants to inspect. After Sima Shi's death, Cao Xian ordered Sima Zhao to guard Xuchang and ordered Shangshu Fu Gao to lead the sixth army back to the Beijing Division, thus achieving the effect of stripping Sima Zhao of his military power, but Sima Zhao used fu and Zhong Hui's schemes to openly resist and lead his army back to Beijing. Cao's plan failed, and he had to encircle Sima Zhao. After that, Cao Xian also wrote the "Hidden Dragon Poem" to satirize himself, which Sima Zhao was disgusted with, and the contradiction between the two gradually intensified.
Celestial disasters
During Cao's reign, there were some abnormal "celestial phenomena", such as the frequent occurrence of "dragons appearing in the well", and the eclipse of the first day of the first lunar month of the fifth year of Ganlu (己酉, January 30, 260). Scholars such as Jingfang in the Western Han Dynasty and Gan Bao in the Eastern Jin Dynasty believed that such phenomena heralded the decline of monarchy and the rise of calamities, based on theories such as the induction of heaven and man. In the cultural context at that time, the psychological state of the parties was also inevitably affected by such celestial phenomena, such as the "Hidden Dragon Poems" written by Cao Xian through the "Dragon Present in the Well", which was based on such views.
Cause of the incident
The direct cause of Cao Zhao's crusade against Sima Zhao was that it was difficult to tolerate Sima Zhao's abuse of power, the persecution of Cao Zhao by the imperial power, and the crusade against Sima Zhao (Xinquan Jingben corrected the popular interpretation of the Three Kingdoms Chronicles)
Declining situation, and fear of being deposed. The trigger may be that Cao Xian was forced to reward Sima Zhao and Sima Zhao's mannerisms. In May of the third year of Ganlu (258), Cao Xian made Sima Zhao the Duke of Jin, established the State of Jin and set up corresponding official offices, added Jiu Xi, and promoted the State of Xiangguo, but Sima Zhao resigned nine times, but this matter was stopped, and instead of adding ten thousand households and three counties to the original title of Duke of Gaodu, sons without titles were all given the title of Marquis of Lie. In April of the fifth year of Ganlu (260), Cao Was forced to make the aforementioned reward again, only a month after the coup d'état broke out. This time, Sima Zhao did not "make nine concessions before and after" and prevaricate as before, and some researchers believe that this is the direct cause of the complete breakdown of the relationship between Sima Zhao and Cao Xianzhi.
In addition, according to the records of the Book of Jin and Emperor Wen, Lu Bi speculated that Sima Zhao did indeed have a plot to depose Cao Xian at that time, and that Zheng Xiaotong's poisoning recorded in the "Spring and Autumn of the Wei Dynasty" was precisely because Sima Zhao was worried that his plot to depose the monarch would be leaked. According to the "Wei jin shiyu" and "Jin Shu Shi Bao Biography" and other records, shi Bao, who was then the general of Zhendong, once visited Cao Huan and was retained by Cao Huan for a long time. Sima Zhao sent someone to ask Shi Bao about the situation, and Shi Bao said, "This monarch is not an ordinary person. The next day Shi Bao left Luoyang, and within a few days Sima Zhaojun's assassination of the Emperor occurred.
Event passed
The House of Prohibitions
On the night of the sixth day of the fifth month of the fifth year of Ganlu (Ezi, June 1, 260), Cao Xian personally took the lingyuntai from the servants Li Zhao, Huangmen from the official Jiao Bo and others to seize the Lingyuntai and distribute armor and weapons, ready to take the opportunity to personally lead them out of the palace to fight Sima Zhao. It was raining, and there was a request to take action on another day.
Therefore, Cao Xian summoned Wang Shen of Shizhong, Wang Jing of Shangshu, and Wang Ye of Shanqi Changshi and said to them, "Sima Zhao's ambitions are known to even the pedestrians on the road. I cannot sit still and wait for the shame of being deposed, and today I will personally go out of the palace with you to fight him. Wang Jing dissuaded Cao Xi and said: "In ancient times, Lu Zhaogong could not stand the dictatorship of the Ji clan, fled after a failed crusade, lost the country, and was ridiculed by the people of the world. Now that the authority had been in sima Zhao's hands for a long time, it was not a day before the imperial court and the ministers of the four sides served him without regard to the reason of disobedience. Moreover, the guards in the palace are vacant, and the troops are very weak, so what does His Majesty rely on? And once you do this, don't you want to get rid of the disease but make it worse? The scourge may be difficult to predict, and this matter should be done with caution. Cao Xian took out the Yellow Silk Shaoshu from his arms and threw it on the ground, saying, "This has already been decided!" Even if you die, what is there to be afraid of! Not to mention that you don't have to die! ”
After Cao Xian finished speaking, he went into the inner palace to inform Empress Guo. Wang Shen and Wang Ye asked Wang Jing to join them in informing, but Wang Jing refused. Wang Shen and Wang Ye rushed out of the palace and rushed to report to Sima Zhao, so that Sima Zhao could be on guard.
The Curse of the Southern Que
On the seventh day of the first month of May (己 ugly, June 2), Cao Xian drew his sword and boarded the chariot, leading hundreds of guards and slaves in the palace to attack with a clamor. At this time, Sima Zhao's brother, Sima Ling, a lieutenant of the Tun Cavalry Academy, and Sima Zhao's confidant jia Chongjun (贾充), a confidant of Sima Zhao and a defender, led troops to the imperial palace. Sima Zhao's younger brother Sima Gan wanted to enter the palace from the Gate of Zhao (which was the main gate of Cao Wei's palace), but was dissuaded by the then generals Man Changwu (Man's grandson) and Sun You, and moved to Dongye Gate instead; Wang Xian, who joined the army, was also blocked by Man Changwu.
Cao Xian encountered Sima Ling and his men who had entered the palace at the East Gate of chemen, and the people around Cao Xian angrily rebuked them, and Sima Ling's soldiers were frightened and fled.
Cao Xian led the crowd to continue to advance, to the palace Nanque, Jia Chong led the army under Sima Zhao's orders also entered the palace from the outside, and confronted Cao Xian under the Southern Que, Cao Xian personally fought with his sword, and warned that he was going to have a crusade, and those who dared to act rashly would be punished by the clan. At first, Jia Chong's men stopped and did not dare to fight, and even wanted to retreat.
Cheng Ji, the younger brother of the Horse Governor Cheng Li, who served as the crown prince, was also under Jia Chong's command, and asked Jia Chong: "The matter is urgent, what do you say to do?" Jia Chong said, "Sima Gong raised you people precisely for today. Today's events, there is nothing to ask! Cheng Ji replied, "Yes." So he immediately pulled out Chang Ge and went forward to assassinate Cao Xian, and the Blade pierced Cao Xian's body and exposed it from his back. Cao Xi died under the car.
The Conspiracy of the Qu Room
According to the "Spring and Autumn of the Han Dynasty", Sima Zhao was horrified when he heard that Cao Xian had been killed, and his servant fell to the ground, saying, "How should the people of the world talk about me?" When Sima Fu heard the news, he ran over, rested Emperor Wei's head on his lap, and cried very sadly, crying and shouting, "It is my sin that Your Majesty was killed!" ("Wei's Spring and Autumn" said that Chen Tai also went to the scene to cry.) ）
Sima Zhao entered the palace and summoned his courtiers to discuss the aftermath. Shangshu Zuo's servant Chen Tai did not come, and Sima Zhao asked Chen Tai's uncle Shangshu Xunyan to call him, chen Tai did not think so, and said to Xun Yan: "The public opinion comments compare me with you, now look, you are not as good as me." But the disciples forced Chen Tai to go inside and out, and Chen Tai had no choice but to enter the palace in tears. Sima Zhao invited him to the Qu Room to plot and said, "Uncle Xuan, how will you treat me?" Chen Tai said, "Only by killing Jia Chong can we apologize to the world a little." Sima Zhao thought about it for a long time before he said, "You should think again about ways to take a step back." Chen Tai said: "I only have a further way, I don't know how to retreat." Sima Zhao stopped talking.
Incident disposition
The thief shouts to catch the thief
On May 7 (2 June), Empress Guo issued an edict declaring that Cao Xian had not filial piety to his mother, deposed him as a Shuren, and buried him with Shuren ceremonies; he also commended Wang Shen and Wang Ye, who had informed the whistleblowers, and demanded that Wang Jing and his family members, who were not in harmony with Sima Zhao, be arrested and punished. This order was included in Chen Shou's Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Among them, the so-called Cao Xian killed the empress dowager was basically not accepted, but many details such as "pulling out the Huang Su edict from his arms" and "claiming to personally go out of the palace to fight the great general" were reflected in many documents about Sima Zhaojun cited by Pei Songzhi.
On May 8 (庚寅, 3 June), Sima Fu the Great General Sima Zhao, Tai Wei Gao Rou, and Situ Zheng Chong played a song, and after accusing the slain Cao Fu of disobedience, self-inflicted calamity, and being intolerable to the world and ancestral gods, they asked Empress Dowager Jia'en to raise her funeral rank to Wang Li, and the Empress Dowager agreed.
Kill people and kill mouths
On May 7 (Heuu, June 2), after Sima Zhaojun's assassination, the Sima clique conducted a series of political liquidations.
First, Wang Jing and his family were arrested and handed over to Ting Wei. Wang Jing apologized to his mother, whose face remained unchanged, and replied with a smile: "Whoever can not die, but is afraid that death will not be able to do so." For this matter everyone died together, what is the hatred! On the day of the murder, the old official Xiangxiong wept bitterly for it, and the sorrow touched the entire street market. During Sima Yan's reign, he considered Wang Jing to be "commendable for keeping his ambitions" and gave him the post of Sun Langzhong.
Second, Cheng Ji was killed as a scapegoat for the assassination of the king. Also killed were Cheng Ji's brother and Cheng Qi, who was also in the army. According to the "Spring and Autumn of the Wei Dynasty", the Chengji brothers did not accept the crime, ran naked to the roof, broke their mouths and scolded, and were shot from below.
Third, hold the Gatekeeper accountable. According to the Wei and Jin Dynasty, after Sima Zhao killed the emperor, he asked Sima Gan how late it was, and Sima Gan told Sima Zhao about being dissuaded by Man Changwu. Wang Xian, who joined the army, was blocked and held a grudge in his heart, and also blamed Sima Zhao for Man Changwu. Sima Zhao, dissatisfied with the performance of Man Changwu and his father Hou Manwei of Changyi during Zhuge Zhi's birthday, took the opportunity to torture Man Changwu, kill him with a staff, and degrade his father Man Wei as a shuren, and the people felt wronged for them. According to the "Biography of Xun Xun of the Book of Jin", Sima Zhao wanted to punish Sun You, but Xun Xun dissuaded him, saying: "Now ChengYou's sins are only borne by himself, but Sun You is condemned by the clan, and I am afraid that loyal and righteous people will discuss it privately." So Sima Zhao turned to reduce Sun You to a Shuren. On May 26 (PengShen, June 21), Sima Zhao again went to Empress Dowager Guo, claiming that he had wanted to give up his body and listen to Cao Ji's ruling, but considering that Cao Ji wanted to murder the empress, he mobilized his troops, but still ordered the soldiers not to harm anyone, and had issued consecutive orders not to force Tianzi to drive; Cheng Ji had privately broken into the army and killed Cao Ji, and now that Cheng Ji's military law had been carried out, he should also arrest Cheng Ji's family and hand him over to Ting Wei for punishment. Empress Dowager Zhao, after again reprimanding Cao, agreed to Sima Zhao's request.
Welcome to the new monarch
Sima Zhao decided to make Cao Huang the son of Cao Yu the Prince of Yan and the Duke of Changdaoxiang the Son of Heaven, and sent Sima Yan, the son of Sima Zhao, to greet Cao Huang as Cao Rong's heir. Cao Huang was a grandson of Cao Cao, a contemporary of the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui, and not a direct descendant of Cao Pi (cao Pi still had direct descendants at that time, such as Cao Qi's brother Cao Qi).
On June 1 (癸 ugly, June 26), the empress dowager issued an edict ordering her subjects to change the name of Cao Huang (曹璜), the Duke of Changdao Township.
What Sima Zhao did was truly abhorrent.
In the end, Wuhu Chaohua was also directly related to the Sima family, and almost wiped out the Chinese nation. As the saying goes, don't do this porcelain work without that diamond, but don't be this emperor if you can't.
Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Wuhu Chaohua caused frequent wars and the displacement of ordinary people, which was the darkest and most calamic period in Chinese history.
If we analyze it from a political point of view, we can conclude that there are mainly the following reasons for the five nonsense.
First, the Hu people moved inland: the internal migration of the Hu people, which began during the Wei and Jin dynasties of the Eastern Han Dynasty, led to a large number of Hu people entering the Central Plains. "In Jianwu Zhong, Nandan Yufu surrendered, so he ordered him to enter the plug and live in the south of the desert...", "The people of Guanzhong, more than a million mouths, the rate is much less, and the Rong Di is half." It can be seen that the mixed residence of Hu and Han in the north at that time was already a very common phenomenon, mainly to enrich the population reduced in the war and the need for conscription and cutting down Wu and Shu. This is a stopgap measure and cannot be perpetuated.
Second, the internal strife in the Jin Dynasty: the civil war between the eight Sima family royal families lasted for 16 years, and this protracted internal struggle was the famous "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" in history. The strength of the Central Plains Dynasty was sharply reduced by this "Rebellion of the Eight Kings", and the country's ability to resist the outside world rapidly declined, and the Hu people waited for the opportunity to move. Compared with the turbulent and murderous north, the Jiangnan area is nothing more than a heavenly human being. Coupled with the usurpation of power by the Sima family of the Jin Dynasty, the internal preference for political struggles within the imperial court, and the various forces constrain each other, so the repeated Northern Expeditions of the Eastern Jin Dynasty often lacked support and were all defeated, which can be described by a poem.
Huns and Xiongnu are fresh and qiang, and the five are busy.
In the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the heavens and the earth were dark.
China was devastated, and the nightmare was long for a hundred years.
The ghosts stretch out their claws, and the blood and tears of all beings flow.
Finally, Sima Shi was liquidated. Sima Yi survived the death of the Cao family's grandchildren for three generations before he slowly gained power and let his descendants ascend to the throne! But in the end, the Sima family also perished, and it is curious how the Sima Yi family perished? Let's take a look.
Cao Cao
After Sima Yi's death, Sima Yi's second son Sima Zhao took control of the imperial court, and Sima Zhao's son Sima Yan usurped the throne as emperor and established the Jin Dynasty, known historically as the Western Jin Dynasty. Although Cao Huan was nominally an emperor, he actually had no power in his hands, nor did he have any power in the ministers and army, and he was completely a puppet of Sima Shi.
In the second year of Xianxi (265), Sima Zhao fell ill and died, and Sima Yan succeeded to the throne of Xiangguo and Jin, and took control of the military and political power of the whole country. After careful preparation, in December of the same year, he imitated the story of Cao Pi Daihan and prepared for his ascension to the throne.
After Sima Yan took over the xiangguo, some people were instructed by Sima Yan to persuade the Wei emperor Cao Huan to abdicate the throne as soon as possible. Soon, Cao Huan issued an edict saying: "King Jin, your family has assisted the emperor for generations, your merits are higher than the heavens, the four seas have received the grace of the Sima family, and the heavens want me to give you the emperor's throne, please obey the mandate of heaven and do not resign!" Sima Yan pretended to push back many times.
In December of the second year of Xianxi (8 February 266), Sima Yan forced the Wei Yuan emperor Cao Yichan to become emperor, set the name of the state Jin, and changed the name to Yuan Taishi.
Sima Yi, Sima Zhao, and Sima Shi of the Sima family were all highly intelligent and played with power in the palm of their hands, but no one expected that the Jin Dynasty founded by the Sima family produced the first idiot emperor in Chinese history, Sima Zheng.
Sima Zheng was a congenital brain dementia patient, and the famous historical allusion "Why not eat meat" occurred during the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin, there was a famine one year, the people had no food to eat, only to dig up grass roots and eat, many people starved to death.
Apparently unable to solve the political difficulties of his reign, it led to the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, and Sima Shi killed himself, became a puppet of others, and was finally poisoned by Sima Yue, the king of the East Sea.
An important reason for the Rebellion of the Eight Kings was sima Yan, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, in arranging a major mistake in the selection of successors. His major mistakes in the establishment of the crown prince and the election of the crown princess caused Jia Nanfeng to be able to interfere in politics and power, which directly led to the outbreak of the Rebellion of the Eight Kings.
In the first year of Yongjia (307), Emperor Huai of Jin changed yuan to Yongjia, pardoned prisoners, and abolished the punishment of the three tribes. Taifu and Sima Yue, the King of the Eastern Seas, assisted the government and held the power of the imperial court. At this point, Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, became the ultimate victor in the Rebellion of the Eight Kings.
In the sixteen years of the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, many of the kings who participated in the war were defeated one after another, many people were killed, the social economy was seriously damaged, the strength of the Western Jin Dynasty was exhausted, and the hidden class contradictions and ethnic contradictions broke out. After the "Five Hu Chaos", the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the Rebellion of the Eight Kings were important reasons.
After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty in 317, Sima Rui rebuilt the Jin court in Jiankang and became the Emperor of Jin Yuan, known historically as the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the last year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the rebellion of the friends, Huan Xuan was called emperor, Heng Xuan was defeated and killed, Liu Yu usurped the throne as emperor, and then the Jin Dynasty collapsed, the Sima family perished, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties period began...
When the Political Situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was unstable, and when the Sima imperial family competed for the throne, Liu Yu seized the opportunity to control the real power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and became the true leader of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After his two Northern Expeditions, Liu Yu successfully usurped the throne as the first emperor of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Song.
Subsequently, Liu Yu's attitude toward the Sima clan proved that he was a descendant of the Han Dynasty. Immediately after he ascended the throne, he ordered the murder of all Sima surnames in the country, a move by Which was liu Yu's catharsis of his hatred for Sima Shi.
The descendants of the Sima family eventually paid for the sins of their ancestors. The sima family, the largest number of emperors killed in China's history.
Later, in the Book of Jin, Li Shimin made an evaluation of the rise of this family, which can be summarized in vernacular: "It is said that 'accumulate good for three years, know less, for evil for one day, smell the world.'" But for the Sima clan, the benefits of evil are enormous and the costs are extremely low, which makes it almost impossible for them to ignore them. ”
Therefore, it is really self-inflicted sins that cannot live or live.