The five pronouns of the late Tang Dynasty are generally referred to as "flower words". Later, two centers were formed, one was Western Shu and the other was Southern Tang, and the four representative poets of Western Shu and Southern Tang were also called the Four Heavenly Kings, namely Wen Tingjun of the Late Tang Dynasty, Wei Zhuang of Western Shu, and Li Yu and Feng Yanwei of southern Tang. In the previous lecture, we talked about several words of the Western Shu and the important characteristics of their words, that is, the song and dance banquet, the flower before the moon, the resentment and detachment, you and me, the real one is the blossoming red and fragrant green soft. Although some individual lyricists such as Wei Zhuang and Sun Guangxian of the Huajian Sect integrate the sorrow of their personal lives into the self-lyricism of the Huajian words, on the whole, the lyrics of the Huajian School still reflect the style of warm fragrance, warm jade, red and soft fragrance.
"Poetry and poetry", words without emotion are empty, hypocritical, and even more pale. Although there are rich and gorgeous words, but the eyes are full of beautiful women singing and dancing and wine banquets, after the bustle eventually returns to nothingness, can not cause the resonance of human emotions at a deep level. However, the development of the Flower Words of the Western Shu to the Southern Tang Dynasty is different, even though the Southern Tang Words can not get rid of the content of the dance hall, beautiful women and wine, and parting love, but the Southern Tang poets express the ideal pursuit of intellectuals and the disillusionment after the ideal is broken, express the sigh of worry and worry about the world, and express the profound reflection on life.
The Western Shu words are lively and bustling, and the Southern Tang words are deep and elegant. At this point, the words of the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty have undergone profound changes, from the customs of the Western Shu to the elegance of the Southern Tang, from the lyrics of the song and dance banquet in the flower room, to the philosophical thinking of intellectuals who ask about life. At this point, we can see from Li Hou lord's "How can life be free of sorrow", "How can you ask the jun how many sorrows he can have, just like a river of spring water flowing eastward", from Feng Yanmi's "Before the day and day flowers, he often gets sick and drunk, and he does not quit the mirror to be thin", "Who is idle and sad for a long time, every spring comes, the sorrow is still the same". That is to say, most of the lyricists in Western Shu are lyric writers, which is the ghostwriting mode of "men making boudoir", and in the Southern Tang Dynasty Erli and Feng Yanmi, words have finally become lyrical tools for "I write my heart by hand". Even though they sometimes write about women who have left their wives and grievances, what they contain is the poet's understanding of life. Therefore, the huajian word entered the Southern Tang Dynasty and underwent tremendous changes, and this change began with the Southern Tang Dynasty's heavy minister and great artist Feng Yanwei.
Feng Yanmi, also known as Yan ji and Yan Si, was a famous poet and prime minister of the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He went through the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Second Dynasty of the Middle Lord, entered the phase four times and then resigned, and the official final prince Taifu and the pawn Zhongsu. Feng Yanshu has achieved little in politics, but in the history of the development of the five pronouns, he is a milestone figure.
Feng Yanmi's name contains profound learning, and the Quan Tang Poetry once wrote Feng Yanmi as "Feng Yanji", which obviously ignored the meaning of his words. Feng Yanmi's character for "in the middle" is related to the "巳" in his name. There are twelve genera in Chinese culture, namely Zi, Ugly, Yin, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 海, which are called the Twelve Branches, as well as A, B, C, D, E, He, Geng, Xin, Nong, 癸 and other ten heavenly stems, the ancients used the combination of heaven and dry earth branches to record the year, month, day and hour. In the twelve branches, "巳" is in the middle, and according to the principle of the ancients taking words, Feng Yanmi's character is "in the middle". At the same time, "巳" has the meaning of baby in the oracle bone, and later extended to heir or future generation, so Feng Yanmi is also called Feng Yansi. With such an explanation, we will not call Feng Yanwei Feng Yanji.
Feng Yanwei is a native of Pengcheng, which is now Xuzhou, Jiangsu, but grew up in Yangzhou. On his body, it is likely that there are iron horses and golden swords of Xuzhou people, and there are also graceful and beautiful Yangzhou people. Feng Yanwei's father was a high-ranking official of the State of Wu, who served as an official in the Southern Tang After Li Ben established the Southern Tang on behalf of Wu. The young Feng Yanshu was multi-talented and literary, and the founding lord Li Ben appointed him as a secretary and asked him to accompany the crown prince Li Jing to study. Prince Li Jing is also a multi-talented literary and artistic youth, and the two elegant students have rubbed the spark of art together and have deep feelings. Later, Li Jing became a marshal, and Feng Yanmi's official position naturally rose to a high level, and he became the chief secretary of the Marshal's Office, equivalent to the chief of the prince's office, and his career prospects were promising.
Feng Yanshu did not just want to be a secretary general, he also had greater ambitions, so he had nothing to report to Li Jing every day, which made Li Jing very annoyed. Once Li Jing told Feng Yanshu that the secretary has the common sense of the secretary, each person has his own responsibilities, you are responsible for writing a good article, you are noisy in my ear all day, it is too annoying! But after all, Feng Yanshu has been with him for many years, and the sentimental Li Jing naturally will not forget him, the two of them are actually a relationship between teachers and friends and kings, and the elegance of writing has become the glue of the feelings between them. Lu You, the poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, in his Book of Southern Tang, has such a story: Li Jing, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, wrote a good poem, and Feng Yanmi was also a master of words. Li Jing himself did not write many words, but what was left behind was definitely a classic. "Spreading the Huan Xi Sha Han Xiang Xiang Pin Cui Ye Residue":
The incense is sold in the green leaves, and the west wind is worried about the green waves. He was also haggard with Shao Guang, and he couldn't see it.
Drizzle dreams back to the chicken plug far away, the small building blows through the jade sheng cold. How many tears and how much to hate, leaning on the dry.
Li Jing is writing about the autumn of Jiangnan, in the eyes of the Chinese literati, whether it is the autumn of Jiangnan in the spring rain of apricot blossoms, or the autumn on the autumn wind plug of the white horse, it is all Xiao Killing's sadness. You see, the lotus flowers are gone, the aroma dissipates, the lotus leaves are withered, and the west wind blows from between the green waves, making people full of sorrow. The beautiful scenery and the interest of the lotus watchers are haggard together, where can not bear to look again.
And the next que, Li Jing wrote, the drizzle is long, and the wind outside the dream is far away. Blowing to the last song, the sound of cold whimpering echoed in the small building for a long time. Remembering the old things of the deceased, leaning on the fence with tears, embracing endless grievances. I don't know whether Li Jing is touching things or born sentimental, in short, this word is written in the most elegant and twisted mood confused and sad, of which "drizzle dreams back to the chicken plug away, small building blows through the jade sheng cold", is a famous sentence through the ages.
One day, Li Jing chatted with Feng Yanwei and jokingly said to him, "Blowing up a pool of spring water, what is the matter?" "It means that the spring wind has come and blown a pool of spring water, what does this have to do with you?" Feng Yanmi was very witty, and immediately said, My sentence, that is not at all comparable to your "Xiao Lou blowing through the Jade Sheng Cold". This is called slapping each other on the back. "Blowing a pool of spring water", from a noun by Feng Yanwei, "Gurudwara Kinmen Wind Rises":
The wind rises and blows a pool of spring water. Idle Mandarin duck incense path, hand holding red apricot buds.
The fighting ducks are leaning alone, and the jasper scratches its head and falls obliquely. All day long, I hope that the king will not arrive, and I will raise my head to smell the magpie.
The spring wind suddenly blew, blowing the spring water of the pond rippled. Boredly teasing the Mandarin duck in the pond in the flower path, casually folding the apricot blossom buds and gently rubbing them on the fingertips.
Leaning alone on the railing by the pool to watch the fighting ducks, the jasper hairpin on his head hanging obliquely. I miss my sweetheart all day, but my sweetheart never comes back, and when I am depressed, I suddenly hear the cry of a magpie.
Feng Yanmi's poem really vividly wrote the mood of the noble young woman in the spring of spring. "The wind rises and blows a pool of spring water." Originally, the water wave was not happy, and suddenly the spring wind blew the water of the pond, which actually implied that the woman's quiet heart on the surface had already been undulating. The Tang Dynasty poet Wang Changling had a similar expression. "Grudge":
The young woman in the boudoir did not know sorrow, and she went up to the Green Building on the spring day.
Suddenly seeing the strange head of Yang Willow, the repentant husband and wife looked for a marquis.
"Suddenly see the strange head of the willow color, the penitent husband and wife looking for a marquis", spring came, and the heart of the woman began to sprout, which means that in the spring, a hormone and dopamine should fly together, which is a season of spring heart. Li Bai's "Spring Thoughts" of the Tang Dynasty is similar to the poems of Wang Changling and Feng Yanwei. Perhaps, Feng Yanshu used Li Bai's famous sentence. Li Bai wrote:
Swallow grass is like beth, and Qinsang has low green branches.
When the king returns to the day, it is the concubine who breaks the intestine.
Spring breeze does not know each other, what into Luo Shuai.
"Spring Breeze doesn't know each other, what's going on?" These two sentences are simply wonderful. The spring breeze is seductive, the spring thoughts are lingering, and the young woman criticizes the spring wind for being rude and frivolous, and casually sneaks into her own atrium, which is not the concrete embodiment of the young woman who sleeps alone and sleeps alone, and makes a big move in the spring?