After the broadcast of "Sister Riding the Wind and Waves", Ardor attracted a large number of fans with her mature stage charm, dedication and love for music, outstanding talent and encouragement to women.
"Duoduozi" allows us to see the talent, self-confidence, professionalism and dedication of women in addition to appearance, and her elimination is also difficult for many people to agree.
In the distant mid-16th century, a Uyghur woman named Amanisha Khan was an outstanding musician and singer like today's "Duoduozi". The "Twelve Mukams", which is the culmination of Uyghur classical music, is compiled by him.
Not only that, but this legendary Uyghur woman also had deep achievements in poetry, calligraphy and other fields, and was also a pioneer of the women's liberation movement at that time.
In 1514, Sultan Sayid, a descendant of Chagatai, established the Yarkand Khanate, with its capital in present-day Shache County, Kashgar.
In 1534, Amanisha Khan was born into a family of woodcutters in the village of Kurisi (in present-day Megheti County) on the banks of the Teznabu River.
Amanisha Khan lost his mother at the age of 8, went to school at an early age, and then learned to play and sing with his father, and from an early age he was extremely talented in music and poetry, and he was able to write lyrics and compose at the age of 13.
▲ AmaniSha Khan stills
Amanisha Khan grew up at a time when the Yarkand Khanate was at its most prosperous economically and culturally, when the second king, Abdureshiti (also known as Rashid Khan), was not only a king of great efforts, but also proficient in Persian and Turkic poetry, well versed in music and proficient in various musical instruments.
▲ The second king of the Yarkand Khanate, Rashid Khan
Rahud Khan had a habit of spending time with his ministers disguised as ragged herders and staying in the homes of poor people in remote places to observe the people's feelings.
Once, when Rashid Khan was on a hunting trip, he happened to come to Theamuti's home, and he saw a Burqin hanging on the wall, so he asked the owner of the piano to play it.
Amanisha Khan then took up the Burqin and played the "Panjiga" muqam (now the fifth muqam of the twelve muqams).
Her beautiful piano voice and the lingering sound of her singing made everyone present intoxicated.
Rashid Khan was immediately fascinated by the talented girl in front of him.
To his surprise, Amanisha Khan played the Muqam overture with the lyrics he had written.
The next day, Rashid Khan returned to his station, changed into clean clothes, put on a crown, put on a cloak, led the courtiers and ordered his attendants to lead the horses and sheep, holding satin jewels, and came again to Maihemuti's home.
This time, however, he had come to propose.
▲ Rashid Khan and Amanisha Khan
After marrying Rashid Khan, Amanisha Khan did not covet the luxurious material life in the palace, but took this opportunity to read a large number of music and literature books and continuously improve his artistic attainment and literary literacy.
At this time, due to the fusion of cultures, Uyghur Muqam music appeared chaotic as never before.
She came up with an idea: to organize and compile muqam music.
With the support of Rashid Khan, well-known musicians, poets, and singers in Yarkand Khan were summoned to the palace to help Amanisha Khan sort out muqam.
Kodir Khan, who was the chief musician of the Yarkand Khanate at the time, led them to collect and organize the folk music of Muqam and formed a standardized suite for the first time, a total of 16 pieces.
▲ Amanisha Khan played Muqam at the court
Amanisha Khan, with his excellent literary skills, has preserved the beautiful poems of ancient poets.
The obscure and old poems are adapted into the modern Uyghur people's praise for a better life and the expression of true feelings.
At the same time, the structure of all muqams was revised in the form of sets of Ōna erman, Dastan and Meshrev.
And absorbed the essence of Uyghur folk songs and dances, making the connotation of Muqam music and its performance forms more abundant and full.
After being adapted and collated by Amanisha Khan, Muqam combines music, dance, drama and literature to show the splendid life and noble sentiments of the Uyghur people, a form of music that combines lyricism and narrative that is unique in the history of art.
▲ Oil painting "Muqam" Hazi Amat
After liberation, Muqam evolved into 12 chapters, so it was called "Twelve Muqam", and Amanisha Khan was also known as the "Mother of Muqam" by posterity.
Amanisha Khan was the only Uyghur female poet to go down in history at that time.
The "Biography of the Musician" devotes a lot of space to describing her legendary life and praising her in this way: "As a Uyghur female poet, Amanisha Khan not only wrote "Exquisite Poems", "Beautiful Sentiments", and "Consultation of the Heart", but also a very accomplished calligrapher, and also reached the realm of pure fire in music..."
Unfortunately, However, Amanisha Khan died in childbirth at the age of 34 and was buried in the Royal Tombs.
▲ Tomb of King Yarkand Khan, located in Shache County, Kashgar Region
After losing his queen, Radhar Khan became ill and his health deteriorated, and he died three years later. According to the king's will, the subjects buried Rashid Khan in the backyard of Amanisha Khan Maza (the mausoleum of the nobles).
▲ The tomb of Amani Sha Khan, located in Shache County, Kashgar Region
Although Amanisha Khan left us, artistic treasures such as the Twelve Muqams have been passed down forever and remembered by the world.
I hope we can also follow in the footsteps of these wonderful women and ride the wind and waves together!
Resources:
[1] Abdul Krim Rehman. On the Uyghur Muqam Art during the Yarkand Khanate[n].Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities
Yin Hongmei. The Pride of Women in Xinjiang: The Outstanding Music Master Amanisha Khan[z].Local History of the Autonomous Region
Jiang Lin. From Amanisha Khan to Kangbar Khan"[n].Xinjiang Daily
[4] Dilishati Pahati. The meritorious musicians of Muqam art – Kodir Khan and Amanisha Khan[j].
-end-