Ding Jing (1695-1765), also known as Ding Jingshen, Blunt Ding, Yanlin, longhongshanren, Guyun, Shi Shuo, Menong, Qing Mengsheng, Playing Tea Weng, Playing Tea Sorcery, Yanlin Waishi, Shengshuo Old Man, Lone Cloud Shi Shuo, Solo Traveler, etc., was a native of Qiantang County, Hangzhou Province, Zhejiang Province. Qing Dynasty calligrapher and painter, seal engraver.
In the early years of Qianlong, he did not hesitate to sell liquor and street markets. He is fond of golden stone characters, works poetry and is good at painting, and the plum brushes he paints are beautiful. You jing seal carving, good at cutting knife method, for the "Zhejiang school seal carving" pioneer, "Xiling Eight Families" first.
1 Ding Jing's life and artistic achievements
Ding Jingshao's family was poor, relying on his father to sell alcohol for a living, but he did not allow himself to be depressed, and when he was a little older, he was determined to learn and read.
In the first year of Qianlong (1736), when Ding Jing was forty-two years old, he was already "highly regarded" because of his achievements in poetry, calligraphy, painting and gold stone seal carving, and the local authorities recommended him to take the exam with a note of "erudition and great words". Ding Jingben did not want to be an official, of course, he did not use the excuse to push it, and still lived a life where he drank and chanted poetry, was happy to be engraved in calligraphy and painting, and was poor and enjoyed himself.
Ding Jingsheng is high in nature, and his works are not easy to relate to people, and zhishu says that he is "not a contract of life, and cannot get a word". "Noble people ask for their imprints, but they are stingy and refuse to do so." Most of his seals were made for his loved ones.
He will not bend over the people he despises, even if he is poor. Although his arrogant and arrogant character made him fall into the situation of "learning older and poorer his family" in his later years, he also won the respect of the world.
As a generation of art masters, Ding Jing's achievements in life are diverse.
One is poetry. The first thing that Ding Jing received social recognition and respect was not the seal engraving, but his literary name. Ding Jing was an outstanding poet and an important figure in the high-level poetry group "Yin Society" in Hangzhou at that time.
The second is the Study of Jinshi Examination. Every good time and day, he walked on the landscape of the West Lake, searching for the scriptures, tombs, cliffs, embedded walls, etc., climbing its steepness, and picking up the moss and algae, "to see the wonderful traces of the predecessors, do not bear to go all day, will personally feel the vertebrae, and check the books." After years of accumulation and research, he wrote the "Golden Stone Chronicle of Wulin". Because of the meticulous search and high academic content, it is still a classic of epigraphy.
The third is, of course, his most important outstanding achievement in the art of seal engraving. "Ding Jing seal carving, combining the strengths of various eras, large scale, long immersion, incubation and change, meteorological thousands." Indeed, the new seal style created by Ding Gou with his extraordinary instrumental knowledge has a great influence, and many teachers and followers have inherited and developed, formed a group, and his reputation has grown day by day, making him a well-deserved generation of masters and the ancestor of zhejiang seal carving.
2 Ding Jing's view of seal carving art
Ding Jing's artistic views, which are not systematically written, are found in his seals and poems. Combined with his lifelong creative practice, one of his poems in "On the Absolute Sentence of Printing" can be used as a comprehensive expression of his general proposition and declaration of printing:
The ancients carved outrages, and Shu Rolled Hun was on the same mountain as the clouds.
Seeing the Tang and Song Miao of the Six Dynasties, He Zeng kept the Han family text.
[Self-note: Wu Zifang (Qiu Yan) is not enough to keep]
He believes that the history of the development of seal engraving proves that only by getting rid of the limitations of the creative environment of the times, daring to think "out of groups", and daring to exert self-personality, can art be as free and uninhibited as the white clouds on the ridge, can there be creation, and can it move forward.
"Advocating the Qin and Han Dynasties" is the purpose and guide of the creation of the Wen and He Hou Yinjia, from advocating retro to obstinate, in the past few hundred years, the fine tradition of the Qin and Han Seals has evolved from the ancestral family law to the shackles of the development of printing, which has been covered with a thick historical dust.
With his outstanding boldness and outstanding insight, Ding Jing put forward a viewpoint that no Indian had ever had before; he was not afraid of being "out of the crowd," he was not afraid of being isolated and single, he was poor in pursuing the roots of tradition, he wanted to "understand the Han people into a place of imprint," he wanted "He Zeng to stick to the Han family text," break the shackles, jump out of the constraints of the general environment, and take the road of respecting tradition and seeking to develop tradition.
His extraordinary insights and decades of personal practice enabled him to truly grasp the true meaning of the Qin-Han seal tradition, thus creating an artistic style of "a Han seal with personality"; enabling him to strive to break through the aesthetic pattern of the Han seal, to open up to a wider field, to refer to the ancient and modern, eclectic, to seek print outside India, to collect a wide range of print styles, to create a colorful and extremely connotative style of printing; so that he could sweep away the evil habits of the times with the masculine and masculine and ancient and canghun print style, and become a well-deserved epoch-making master in the history of printing.
3 Ding Jing's seal engraving form
Ding Jing's Indian style is rich and diverse. This summary is compiled into a table.
Zhu Wen
From the above five zhu wen faces, it can be seen that Ding Jing has tried in many aspects, and it can be seen that he is eclectic, to store essence, and to take the breadth of the law. Most of these printing knives are small and short knives, so that the lines appear different slopes, so as to increase their penmanship and charm, increase the erosion of the printing surface and the feeling of smelting and casting gold. There are also many knife methods that combine punching knives, which are used alternately according to needs, and some strokes are staggered on both sides of the blade, showing the characteristics of "quite revealing and sharp".
White text
Ding Jing's white wenyin, like Zhu Wenyin, no matter how diverse the appearance, but it is mainly based on the knife methods of fine cutting and short cutting, slope forward, knife edges, and gui angles, and it is a common technique to rush and cut. Ding Jing's first four white seals, although they all came from the Han seal, also absorbed the tradition of the Ming seal. Refer to the seals of Su Xuan, Zhu Jian, Liang Qianqiu, etc., and you can find the blueprint of Ding carving.
4 Ding Jing's indian characters, knife methods, orthography
"Shuowen Jiezi" is a tool book for studying the rules of Chinese character creation and interpreting the meaning of characters. Ding Jing believed that the use of characters for seal engraving should be liberated, and as long as the changes in the characters basically conformed to the law, they should be allowed to be used, and the various changes in the imitation seals used in the Chinese seal are clear evidence. The problem of writing studies and the problem of art should be treated separately. From a poetic point of view, some people are criticizing his use of words, feeling poetry. This view is a declaration that Ding Jing liberated himself from the shackles of the Indian script.
From the beginning of Ding Jing, the Zhejiang Party's artistic treatment of the seal has entered an unprecedented open land, and in the past one or two hundred years, the makeup of the seal that has been used for nearly two thousand years has been decorated with flowers and flowers, and it has rejuvenated.
Figure 1 is a minimalist structure using a parallel pen.
Figure 2 is a structure of ingenious simplification and distortion.
Figure 3 is a commonly used stick figure, which does not hurt the meaning of the word, or quotes the structure of the great seal for simplification. The structure contains animals and the posture is graceful.
5 Ding Jing's side section
The side section, also known as the printing model and the side section, refers to the text engraved by the author on the side of the printing stone. Since the ancient seal and the Han seal, there are very few seals in the past, and Wen Peng He Zhenkai began to engrave the money, but it is only the name of the fallen paragraph. Ding Jing began, and Fang applied a small text of the casual feeling of the memoir to the printing. Since then, seal engravers have followed suit, including Ding Jing, and their seal theories and artistic exchanges have been left in later generations and have become very valuable historical materials. Moreover, the side engraving technique created by Ding Jing has also been promoted and developed by imitation, and various book styles and even patterned Buddha statues have also been introduced into the side sections, enriching the appreciation of the work. Since Ding Jing, the edge has become an important part of the art of seal engraving.
On the side paragraph on the imprint, Ding Jing began to open the atmosphere. Later, it became an important material for printing researchers to understand the creative ideas, aesthetic concepts and activities of Indians. For example, in the ninth section of his masterpiece "History of Ancient Chinese Printing", contemporary Huang Wei made a detailed discussion of the printing of Ding Jing and the Zhejiang school, and analyzed their creative aesthetic orientation, which is a beautiful text on the artistic concept of the Zhejiang school and the achievements of the side section.
Ding Jing's engraving technique has a new breakthrough compared with his predecessors. Chen Qiutang said in the "Seal of Xi Lian" paragraph: "The money made and printed by the Bureau of Printing is like the Danle Stele of the Book. To Mr. Ding Yanlin, he did not write a book and carved it, and the body was ancient. Smell its method (system) obliquely hold its knife, so that the stone rotates in order to be in the direction of the front. "Ding Jing's previous carvings were like a carved stele, carved with double knives, with a calligraphy flavor and less gold and stone taste. The single-knife engraving he zhen has been used, and the hui sect's successors such as Gao Xiang have also been used, but the technique is not complete enough and has not yet formed a trend. Ding Jingchun carved the model with a single knife, the technique is simple and practical, the artistic effect is refreshing and strong, rich in knife and pen gold and stone charm, and the precedent of the open edge technique has been used to this day.
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