He was Huang Xing's teacher, bringing out the first army in Xinjiang that made Tsarist Russia jealous, why did he finally leave Xinjiang

Ili

The Hubei Army, the Hubei New Army, was composed of soldiers from Zhang Zhidong when he was the governor of Huguang, and for the purpose of training troops to strengthen the army, the old green battalion was abolished and the new type of army was organized and trained, and the name was called "self-strengthening army". Zhang Zhidong brought back two battalions of five hundred men from the self-strengthening army, and the Germans served as the chief instructor. A battalion of engineering teams was also established. This is the prototype of the Hubei New Army. The New Army in Hubei was recruited, trained, managed, and operated according to the new military systems of Germany and Japan. Completely detached from the old army to show the difference.

The recruitment of the new army had unique characteristics at that time.

First of all, Zhang Zhidong is fond of recruiting young people from places such as De'an, Anlu, Jingmen, and Xiangyang, which are stronger than those in The Great. In order to facilitate management, in the later period, more people were selected from the "Sons of An" in the scholars, farmers, industrialists, and commerce. On the other hand, due to the abolition of the imperial examination system, a large number of intellectual young people lost the path of "learning from youdengshi" and also participated in the ranks of the new army.

The Forces nouvelles recruited soldiers, paying particular attention to the level of education. By 1902, "about half of the literates" were in the Forces nouvelles, and the enlisted men in the engineering battalions were literate under the age of twenty. And the recruitment of troops can only be based on Hubei Province, ensuring the purity of the new army in Hubei.

In terms of management, the Forces nouvelles not only have battalion offices, which are responsible for the daily training and living supplies of the Forces nouvelles. In order to cultivate military talents, educational institutions such as the Armed Forces Academy, the Army Middle School, and the Army Elementary School were established, thus forming a relatively complete modern military system.

After zhang zhidong's painstaking management, by 1906, the new army reached a scale of about 15,000 people. At this time, the new army, the weapons are new, training is the Way of Europe and Japan, the soldiers are newly recruited young people, the commander of the military academy is appointed, and the proportion of knowledgeable youth is extremely high. This was something that the Manchu Qing army had never seen before, and its combat effectiveness was no less than that of the new army trained by Yuan Shikai's small station. However, the future fates of the two are also different, because Yuan Shikai has always trained in the way of a private army, making it difficult for the new army to escape the nature of a reactionary army. However, hubei new army mountain high emperor far away, the Qing government did not interfere too much, coupled with the high cultural quality of hubei new army, the feeling of home and country is even stronger, and eventually became the pioneer of the modern Chinese revolution.

This time, we are talking about the past of this patriotic army entering Xinjiang, and there is not much ink in history, but it is still more than a hundred years later, which makes us moved by their dedication.

When it comes to the new army entering Xinjiang, we have to mention an important person, Yang Miaoxu. Nicknamed "Yang Mazi", Yang is a native of Echeng Duandian, Hubei Province, and graduated from the Japanese Army University. It was a pioneer of China's modern democratic revolution. After returning from Japan, he served as a military instructor at Wuhan Lianghu Academy and The Lecture Hall, and Huang Xing was a student of the two schools at that time and was taught under his disciples.

In 1907, Yang Miaoxu was appointed by Zhao Erxun, the governor of Hunan, to select officers, cadets, soldiers, etc. from the Hubei Army, a total of more than 800 people went to Ili.

This excellent team based on the Hubei New Army not only has infantry, but also small artillery teams, field artillery teams, and engineering teams. They sang the Hubei student army song and went to the road of saving the country with high morale. Armed with new weapons, this high-quality contingent became a strong force, marching westward, blocking the eastward advance of Tsarist Russia and defending our country!

Although there were only 800 people, it had an unprecedented impact on Xinjiang.

At that time, Xinjiang lost a large area of land because of a series of unequal treaties between Tsarist Russia and Russia. Especially in 1879, the Qing Dynasty sent Chonghou to Russia to negotiate because of the Russian occupation of Xinjiang and Ili. But this extremely stupid and lofty man, unable to withstand the intimidation of Tsarist Russia, went so far as to sign the Treaty of Livadia, which humiliated and humiliated the country. This treaty nominally recovered Ili, but the land on the west and south sides of Ili was cut off by Tsarist Russia. At this time, Ili was surrounded by all the Tsarist Russia, and the danger was abnormal. With the active efforts of Zhang Zhidong, Zuo Zongtang and other late Qing western affairs factions, the Qing government sent Zeng Jize to Russia in 1880, which allowed the Ili Treaty to be re-signed and some of the lost land was recovered.

In the period between the loss of Ili and the recovery of the Ili Revolution and the Xinhai Revolution, Tsarist Russia gathered a large number of troops on the xinjiang border, constantly provoked, and gradually encroached on China's territory. The Tsarist army did not even say hello, and it was a national shame to station its army on our territory! The new army rushed to Xinjiang at this time, and it was with such an extremely grim historical background.

The new atmosphere of the new army not only invigorated the patriotism of the local masses, but also shocked the Tsarist and Russian sides. MaDahan, an officer in Tsarist Russia, said in his records: "These new armies must be kept fully staffed. It is said that some officers have committed suicide by poisoning themselves because they have left their own army vacant. In recent days, all opium smokers have been expelled, and all soldiers under the age of 20 have been discharged. Moreover, their number of soldiers has been increasing, because they have set up a non-commissioned officer school called the Army School, and the instructors have arrived and can soon start school. ”

The British also praised the new military atmosphere brought by the new army. "The whole city is full of martial spirits, and every day you can hear the sound of trumpets, the footsteps of soldiers singing patriotic songs and the voices of instructors. The officers, dressed in lean uniforms and carrying swords, strode down the street with their heads held high. They are proud of their uniforms and weapons. This is a new kind of movement, promising. ”

After the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, Russia was finally defeated and lost the three eastern provinces. At this time, the xinjiang border was raging, and Tsarist Russia wanted to pour its anger at Japan's defeat on the Qing government at any time, suffering from not finding a suitable excuse. At this time, Yang Miaoxu led the new army to strictly practice and wait for Dan. It is precisely because of the existence of this new army, no longer the big smokers of the past, that Tsarist Russia has had to think about the seriousness of its own attack. And because many junior officers studied in Japan, the Russian side was also jealous of the consequences of Japan's defeat.

Eventually, there was a rare silence on the border. The Russian side even invited Yang Touxu to attend the wedding of the daughter of the Cossack cavalry commander-in-chief Khaliting.

In order to stabilize the relations between the two sides, it is also possible to better understand the situation on the Russian side. Yang Miaoxu took Chen Kezhong and Feng Chao and escorted two people and was invited to leave.

During the six days of the Russian side, Yang Yixu secretly reconnoitred the other side, and made travel records every day, which became an important border reconnaissance data.

On the first day, Yang Anderson and his party arrived at Karen, an outpost on the Chinese border. Comparing the border buildings and border defense situations on both sides of China and Russia, Yang was worried about Yun yun.

On the Chinese side, there was only one sentry officer, two patrols, and one committee member. The camp and the buildings were extremely bleak, in ruins and dilapidated. On the Russian side, the military appearance is neat, and there have been additional troops recently, hanging a huge portrait of the Russian emperor, and the building is also neat and clean. Yang Yixu was very uncomfortable, and he was also a little more alert about the sudden increase in the Number of Troops of the Russian Army.

In the next few days, in Russia, Yang encountered many former Qing subjects, all of whom were forcibly relocated by the Tsarist Russia when it returned Ili. These people, who account for more than three-quarters of the total residents of Ili, have almost completely displaced the entire population of Ili. When the local residents saw the Qing Dynasty army in the new military uniform, the old tears flowed, and they pulled Yang Miaoxu to cry, and Yang couldn't help but cry inexplicably.

After finally arriving at the destination, Russia held a grand welcome ceremony. Yang naturally knew that the sudden courtesy was not a sudden change in the character of the opponent's barbaric aggression, but an intention to close the relationship and test the hypocrisy of the most likely opponent in Xinjiang in the future. A contest of light or dark begins here.

In his observation of the opponent's army, Yang paid close attention to the Russian army that came out in the morning. He saw that the Russian army had strict etiquette and strong military appearance, and deeply felt that the gap in the military appearance of our army was very large, so that the combat effectiveness would also be directly reflected.

Compared with traffic, Yang deeply felt that China's "roads are not repaired, the vehicle type is stupid, and the red dust of a wheel is ten battles", which greatly restricts the action of the troops. The Russian side of the "Sa Dao is as flat as a palm, and the soil is also relatively strong." The traffic is very fast and there is less dust. "The gap between China and Russia should ultimately be reflected in military efficiency.

Let's compare it to construction. On the Chinese border, yellow sand is everywhere, never governing, and no towns are built. There is a very sad example, there is a Gobi in the Chinese side that was forced to cede to the Russian side, before the Gobi was deserted and unplanned. But since ceding it to the Russians, the Russians have managed the area and eventually become a crowded border bazaar.

Compare border trade audits. The Chinese side is extremely loose in its inspection of border people's exchanges and basically pays no attention to them. However, the Russian side is meticulous and extremely strict in checking the entry and exit bills. In this way, China has no reason to be undefeated in the trade war. When inspecting the border market, Japanese medicines came to Ili thousands of miles apart, which is extremely ironic.

What was even more frightening to Yang was that the border defense management was almost useless, and if war suddenly came, the opponent would quickly occupy any of our fortress strongholds!

As soon as the Russians came down, Yang Yixu's spirit almost collapsed. Whether it is the army's weapons and equipment, border roads, border construction; a country's military appearance, military discipline, morale and The gap between it and the Russian side is really too large. He used his daily binge drinking to vent his indignation and helplessness after introspection, and at this time he deeply felt that it was not a good thing to save the country by saving the country on the utensils, but a country's disease that needed a big cure to cure it well.

And this great rule, in 1911 China, in Wuchang, Hubei Province, China, the fire has burned, the whole country will burn.

Xinjiang has not been freed from this great rule that has changed China's destiny, and the fire of the Xinhai Revolution cannot be resisted by any old force with a praying mantis arm.

The fuse appeared in a fortuitous event. Once, the soldiers of the Forces nouvelles and the students of the Armed Forces Academy had a verbal altercation, and both sides pulled out their weapons. The last Ili general Zhirui used this as an excuse to take all the ammunition of the new army back into storage, and even the ammunition used for training was not issued.

Just when everyone thought that the situation was going to calm down, this feudal official was so arrogant that he not only abolished the Martial Arts Academy, but also forcibly dismissed the new army.

What is even more excessive is that in the cold winter of Xinjiang, Zhirui put all the leather clothes and pants worn by the soldiers of the New Army sent back to the pasture and deposited them in the warehouse.

In this way, the demobilized new army sat in Ili and suffered from poverty and resentment.

At this time, Yang Yixu was also not lightly organized by Zhirui, not only did he have no soldiers under his command, but he was reprimanded and humiliated by Zhirui in person several times. Resignation is not allowed, forcing people to die.

In the end, the soldiers completely laid down their burdens, and since you did not let me live, then I could only rebel one way.

Yang And the revolutionaries made meticulous pre-war planning and made a detailed analysis of the comparison of troops between the two sides. At the same time, he also made his own arrangements for the situation within the rebel army, and he knew that the new army was not a situation in which he alone had the final say, but also a situation of factional chaos. Finally, under the circumstances of great disparity in strength and extreme internal complexity, the Ili Uprising broke out.

At 9:00 p.m. on January 7, 1912, the Five-Way Rebel Army simultaneously moved ahead of schedule. One of them seized the arsenal, and the new army trapped in the city took up arms and responded.

That night, the General's Office fell. Because the uprising was ahead of schedule, Zhirui was caught off guard. Hiding in the office of Ugelchun, the right wing co-leader of the old Man camp, he was captured by the rebel army in a pile of reeds. One said it was Ugelchun's whistleblower.

On the 8th, the rebel army sent a telegram to the whole country, announcing the establishment of the "New Governor's Office of the Military Government of the Republic of China".

The Ili uprising not only enabled Xinjiang to speed up the pace of breaking away from the Qing government and beginning to enter the republic. It also completely shattered the dream of the Manchu Qing government to move west at that time.

After the end of the Ili Uprising, the last emperor of the Manchu Qing government also abdicated. Ili was dominated by revolutionaries, and Xinjiang was replaced by a new owner, becoming a vassal of Yuan Shikai's minions.

This minion was Xinjiang's first warlord, Yang Zengxin.

Yang Zengxin was a native of Mengzi, Yunnan, and a scholar of the Qing Guangxu Dynasty, who served in Gansu and Xinjiang successively. Long before the Xinhai Revolution broke out, Yang Zengxin actually held real power in Xinjiang.

In August 1910, after Wang Gaosheng set fire to the case, the then Inspector Lian Kui and the envoy Wang Shunan participated in each other's impeachment, and the noise was boiling. After both were dismissed by the Qing court, and because the Gansu envoy died when he was serving as the governor of Xinjiang, there was a double vacancy period of about 8 months in Xinjiang. At this time, the person who actually held the highest power in Xinjiang was Yang Zengxin, who was the envoy of ZhenDi Dao and Tifa.

After the Ili Revolution, Yang Zengxin, although in charge, did not have an army in his hands, and there was no blood debt of the revolutionaries. This was his innate advantage in negotiating with the revolutionary party, and the rebel army did not have much malice towards it.

However, Yang Zengxin was, after all, the representative of the old warlords, and he could not tolerate the existence of Yang Yixu, who was the most prestigious military and civilian in Xinjiang at that time.

However, for the sake of national righteousness, Yang Miaoxu united and the country was united. He not only handed over all real power, but also persuaded the new army, the Brotherhood and other people who participated in the uprising to uniformly obey the command of the new government.

In the later days when he was squeezed by Yang Zengxin and finally faded out of Xinjiang, he also had no complaints and always thought of great righteousness.

On September 17, 1956, Yang Miaoxu had been lying in bed for a long time, barely lifting his spirit to tell the outline of his life. But he always humbly considered himself to have nothing to do with the revolution and did not interfere with it. Three days later, he died at the Yang Residence in Shouli, Hankou.