In the whole history of modern China, most of the famous figures are inseparable from Tianjin. History textbooks say that after the late Qing Dynasty, China was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, and the so-called semi-colonial people, "concessions" are one of the manifestations.
Although the concession is nominally leased land, during the lease period, the leasing country has independent administrative autonomy and consular jurisdiction, which is nonsense in the name of protecting the residents of the leasing country from Chinese.
The concessions love to protect the warlords and politicians who have fallen from power in China, one is that these people are basically people who have made a lot of money and have huge consumption power and can prosper the concession, and the other is that these people are well-connected, even if they are not used as agents of imperialism, they can at least influence the policies of the Chinese government.
And those politicians and warlords who have lost power also love to go to the concession to invest in business, and even do not eat the old money, anyway, some are money, take out the huahua house, marry a wife to enjoy life, the judiciary of the concession will protect their private property, so that now Tianjin has left a lot of exquisite small Western-style buildings, such as Lu Hongtao's former residence.
Lu Hongtao's former residence
Yu Minguo figures, Yu Beiyang warlords, this person is not too famous figures, but his former residence in Tianjin is well preserved today, and his popularity has been improved to a certain extent.
Lu Hongtao was a die-hard loyalist of Yuan Shikai, and when the revolutionary party rose up, he listened to Yuan Shikai's orders and bravely killed nearly 10,000 revolutionary soldiers, and Yuan Shikai transformed into a revolutionary party supporting the Republic of China, and he immediately became the overseer of the Republic of China and defected to the Qing Dynasty.
First of all, although his father Lu Fengchun knew a few words, but he was only extremely poor, and just when the twisting army was rampant, the warriors were born well, so they went to be soldiers of the Qing Dynasty, after all, they were literate people, a little insightful, did not do the twisters, and he mixed up a birth.
By the time Lu Hongtao was 19 years old, because of his father's connections, he had the opportunity to enter the "Tianjin Wubei Academy Artillery Department" to study, and the address was filled in by their father and son in Tongshan County, Xuzhou, born on July 29, the fifth year of the Qing Dynasty. However, this is all a side of their family, because about Lu Hongtao's hometown address, the historical books seen are all detailed at the end, and at the end of Tongshan, everything is in the fog.
Although there is a "family tree" as evidence, it is also a genealogy that was only continued after Lu Hongtao developed, which is not enough evidence. All in all, Lu Hongtao's father, Lu Fengchun, was a man with no way out, and in those days, this kind of thing was not strange.
Anyway, the Lu family is a poor family, the big head soldier! The two sons were to be sent out to be raised by others, and Lu Hongtao's younger brother was given to his uncle's family and changed his surname, surnamed Dong Shi'en, dong Shi'en was not a small person later, and once became the financial vice minister of the Beiyang government.
Speaking of 19-year-old Lu Hongtao, he studied in the Tianjin Wubei Academy, and his classmates were not simple, including the great warlord Duan Qirui, Feng Guozhang, Wang Shizhen and others who he could talk to, and for the future small warlord Lu Hongtao, this network is very important.
In 1891, Lu Hongtao graduated from the Wubei Academy and was assigned to gansu as an apprentice, however, I don't know why, Yang Changjun, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu at the time, ignored him and did not send an envoy to him to cool him down. Lu Hongtao rushed to Xinjiang to join the Xinjiang Inspector Tao Mo. Later, Tao Mo was transferred to the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, and Lu Hongtao also followed Laigan, and there must be various interpersonal reasons that outsiders cannot know.
In 1897, Tao Mo appointed Lu Hongtao as the orthodox instructor of the foreign artillery team, which began his career as a fortune army in Gansu.
Lu Hongtao
However, he does have two brushes, after all, he is a graduate of a new military school! The army was trained by him to be able to rush and fight, loyal to the king and patriotic, and he personally followed the example of Zeng Guofan, and the desk book was "Zeng Guofan Anthology".
On October 10, 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, shaanxi announced that it responded to the revolution, and Gansu was not moved. Therefore, the Qing court ordered Lu Hongtao, who had been promoted to the first standard of Gansu, to send troops to attack the Shaanxi Revolutionary Party, and Lu Hongtao gladly accepted the order.
However, revolutionary ideas have long been flowing all over the world, and Lu Hongtao's army is not pure, so he reorganized the army, and before leaving, he reorganized the first standard of infantry into the "Zhenwu Army", and incidentally forced the death of the first battalion pipe belt that has always been inclined to revolution.
After Lu Hongtao's troops entered Shaanxi, they captured Changwu in November, captured the Shaanxi Nationalist Army pipe belt stone that supported the revolution, and then beheaded and hung above the city gate. Then, in the fierce battle around Yingzhou and Randian, the leader of the nationalist army Xiang Zishan was killed in the breakthrough, and all the officers and men under his command were killed by Order of Lu Hongtao, in order to fill the river with corpses to build a bridge to continue eastward, and then Lu Hongtao occupied Yingzhou and began to attack Yongshou, fiercely fighting for many days, the position changed hands several times, and the nationalist army of more than 8,000 people fought to a thousand mouths, paying the price of 7,000 dead and wounded, and finally did not defend Yongshou.
Yongshou was occupied by Lu Hongtao. At this time, the Qing army besieging Qianzhou was ineffective in battle, and a stalemate was formed with the people's army in Qianzhou, so the superiors dispatched Lu Hongtao to detour to attack Liquan, and Liquan fell. In 1912, Lu Hongtao's soldiers approached Xianyang City and pointed directly at Xi'an City.
In the Qing army, Lu Hongtao's army was an army capable of fighting, Lu Hongtao himself hated the revolution, fought fiercely, and often came to the front line when fighting and attacking the city, personally firing artillery, he was a graduate of the artillery department!
All in all, the war suffering of the people of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces supported Lu Hongtao's cause, and at this time Lu Hongtao promised his superiors: "You can take Xi'an City in ten days!" ”
However, after all, the revolution is not only military, when the Xi'an War was about to break out, the city of Beijing changed, and on February 12, 1912, Puyi issued an edict announcing his abdication and sending a telegram to all places to stop the war. Some officials and gentry in Gansu also sent telegrams acknowledging the revolutionary republic, and Yuan Shikai also ordered Lu Hongtao's Zhenwu army to withdraw from Shaanxi and return to Gansu.
At this point, as far as Lu Hongtao was concerned, although the war with the revolutionary party had failed, his personal fighting career was a great victory, and when he entered the First Battle of Shaanxi, his Zhenwu army had achieved a battle record and played a mighty style! Yuan Shikai in Beijing said, "Well, xiao Luzi's little brother is of great use!" ”
In May, Yuan Shikai appointed Lu Hongtao as the commander-in-chief of Liangzhou. In the spring of 1915, Yuan Shikai's close confidant provincial civil administrator Zhang Guangjian promoted Lu Hongtao to be the envoy of Longdong Town, and the two began close military and political cooperation.
This year, there was a severe drought in Longdong, the people were not happy, the peasants began to struggle against donations, Lu Hongtao's army was everywhere, the heads were rolling, the people's rebellion was calmed down, and all the leaders of the people's rebellion were killed.
Later, Yuan Shikai was restored, and the provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu set off an uprising against Yuan Shikai, and Lu Hongtao was still the old way to kill without mercy, killing the leaders of the uprising, Wang Zhiying and Chang Faxiang.
Later, Yuan Shikai died, the Beiyang Army disintegrated into large and small warlords, and Lu Hongtao became a small warlord in Gansu. Originally, Zhang Guangjian was a member of the Anhui faction, and Lu Hongtao naturally had to follow his superiors.
In 1920, the Zhiwan War broke out, the Anhui clan was defeated, the storm spread to Gansu, Zhang Guangjian was expelled from Gansu, Lu Hongtao because he had solid military power in his hands, his subordinates were like wolves and tigers, but they were also safe, the Beiyang government of the Republic of China! Originally it was a military junta, and naturally it ended like this, not surprisingly.
The newly sent inspector Cai Chengxun from the Beijing government is very acquainted, in fact, this person is very similar to Lu Hongtao, who also graduated from the Tianjin Wubei Academy, and his life end is also Shimono's work as a Yugong in Tianjin. At this time, he was very interesting to his classmates, "Gansu matter, please also ask Brother Lu to take care of it for the time being!" "I don't come to grab my classmates' turf.
In May 1922, the Beiyang Beijing government finally recognized the fait accompli, formally appointed Lu Hongtao as the governor of Gansu, and later appointed as the general of Suwu, two years later the governor of Gansu Province was also included in Lu Hongtao's pocket, naturally, the army still had to be in his hands, Lu Hongtao changed the Gansu Provincial Defense Army into the First Division of the Gansu Army, and appointed himself as the commander of the division.
At first, because he was only a military leader, he had neither financial power nor political power, and the military was all brothers, so he did not dare to treat them too badly, and he wanted to point to them in fighting and fighting a career, Lu Hongtao really did not dare to get rich, and besides, he also counted on the "wife and son" of the Qing Dynasty! It's not good to have a bad reputation.
Now that there is no emperor, and there is no lord Yuan, look at those bastards in the imperial city, what is the official doing? At that time, there were many small warlords in such ideological struggles, and Lu Hongtao counted one.
He still wanted to face it, knowing that Gansu was poor and difficult to produce, so he designed a policy for himself to "protect the border and the people, rest and recuperate.", and said to everyone: "The people of Gansu can now be described as extremely poor, and as long as the officials maintain the status quo and do not disturb our people, they will fulfill their duties." "Then he does nothing and settles into the status quo."
The people of Gansu are only advised to cultivate land well, and if they want to cultivate good land to earn big money, they must plant opium; the people of Gansu still earn small money, and the big money for opium has been earned by Lu Hongtao.
Set up the Silver Dollar Bureau, began to collect special seigniorage taxes, he made silver dollars, poor quality, sand eye the most, by the people called "sand dollar", no matter what yuan it is! Anyway, he cleverly made a lot of money.
Lu Hongtao was in power in Gansu for five years, and he was extremely conservative in the use of personnel, taking "obedience to orders" as the standard, of which Zhang Zhaotong and Li Changqing were the most obedient, one let him take over the longdong town guard's class, and an illiterate person could not do government affairs, making him the brigade commander of the First Division.
A common sense of personnel - those "obedience" guys are always the first guys to fall into the rock.
In 1925, Lu Hongtao fell ill and was paralyzed, Zhang Zhaotong saw that the opportunity could not be lost, did not come again, united with Li Changqing, and took out a large amount of money to run between Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, trying to expel Lu Hongtao and replace him.
Lu Hongtao also had a bare-knuckle personality, saw his cronies defecting, knew that things could not be managed, so he resigned to the Duan Qirui government in Beijing, and his old classmate Duan Qirui really had feelings, and was not seduced by the money offensive and seduction of the juniors, so he allowed Lu Hongtao's overseers to resign and forced them to stay in the governor, "Old Lu, you first recover from your illness, I will let Feng Yuxiang help you, the juniors will not be able to gain power." Then Feng Yuxiang also publicly generated electricity to support Lu Hongtao.
However, Lu Hongtao, who was plagued by diseases, knew the truth that the Emperor of Heaven was far away and had the power to have a gun, and he was afraid that he would lose his life if he fought for breath!
Insisting on leaving Gansu, he went to Tianjin to become a Yugong.
Well, the military and government of Beiyang is like this, saying that if you don't do it, you can really stop doing it, and then you can safely take away the huge wealth you have looted to do yugong.