The Song Dynasty Chen Juzhong painted "Su Li Bei Intention". Su Wu sent envoys to the Xiongnu to be imprisoned and herd sheep in the North Sea; Li Ling's expedition against the Xiongnu was surrendered, and Emperor Wu reprimanded his family and was not allowed to return to Han. When Li Ling heard that Su Wu would return, he came to greet him and wept bitterly, and he was overwhelmed with grief.
About Wang Changling's famous work "Out of the Plug" ("Qin Shi Mingyue Han Shi Guan, the Long March of Ten Thousand Miles has not been returned." But to make the Dragon City fly will be, not to teach Humadu Yin Mountain. There has always been a controversy: who does the "Dragon City Flying General" in the poem refer to? When the two words are taken apart, they understand that "Dragon City" is the place where the Xiongnu sacrificed to the heavens, and "Flying General" is Li Guang, the "Flying General" of the Han Dynasty, the problem is that Li Guang has never been to Longcheng, so "Dragon City Flying General" has become a public case. Some people say that "Flying General" is Wei Qing, some people say that "Dragon City" is the abbreviation of Lu Longsai, some people say that Wang Changling confused allusions... Opinions vary, and there is no consensus. The latest interpretation comes from a long article published in the Literary Review, arguing that the "flying general" was li ling, a Han general who surrendered to the Xiongnu, and that "the Long March of Ten Thousand Miles Did Not Return" means that he did not return the clouds when he went to the Xiongnu, and because the conclusion was too peculiar, it triggered a wave of discussion. A Japanese scholar denounced his fallacy on the Internet, believing that Wang Changling was just using the wrong allusion and did not have to waste time to embellish him.
I think that saying that the "flying general" is Li Ling, of course, is excessive imagination, saying that Wang Changling used the wrong code, but he did not see it, "Qi Gu did not gain, Chu also lost." Indeed, in the history books, "Dragon City" and "Flying General" are irrelevant, the question is whether "Dragon City" is an allusion? It is not so much an allusion as it is a reference. The use of a place name to refer to a region is very common in ancient poetry, especially in poems before the Song Dynasty, such as "Long Hate Song", which says that Xuanzong entered Shu: "There are few people under Mount Emei, and the flag is lightless and the sun is thin." In fact, Xuanzong had never been to Mount Emei, and the "Emei" here only referred to Shudi. Wang Yuyang of the early Qing Dynasty put this point very well: "It is said that Wang Youcheng painted a banana in the snow, and so did his poems. For example, "The maple trees in Jiujiang are green several times, and a piece of Yangzhou five lakes is white", and the names of 'Lanling Town', 'Fuchun Guo' and 'Stone City' are used under it, all of which are far from belonging. Most of the ancients' poetry and paintings, only to be happy will be god, if you carve the boat edge of the wood to ask for it, lose its purpose. Obviously, the "Dragon City Flying General" is also the same as Wang Wei's far-unrelated place names, but the poet's "intention to meet the gods" refers to the border general, if you are entangled in who he really is, I am afraid that it is inevitable to "carve a boat and ask for a sword" and "ask for a fish in the edge of the wood". Unfortunately, the mainstream of Song poetry is qualitative, especially the Jiangxi school pays attention to "no word and no origin", and the last stream does not know how to adapt, often making great accusations against the poetry before the Tang Dynasty.
Of course, we also have to make it clear that some of the poems are indeed using the wrong allusions. For example, Li Bai's "Wang Zhaojun": "Once you go to the Jade Pass Road, the end of the world will not return." Gu Yanwu said that Zhaojun and the Xiongnu in the north would not take the Yuguan Road to the Western Regions. Li Bai was indeed wrong. So, what is the difference between the mistake of using the code and the "rejuvenation of the gods"? The difference is that the former is real and the latter is virtual. The theme of Li Bai's poem is Wang Zhaojun, and naturally it is necessary to write in accordance with historical facts; Wang Changling's title is "Out of the Plug", not yongshi, the so-called "Qin Shi Mingyue Han Shi Guan", even Qin is Han has not been implemented, at the beginning of the point out that this poem is deliberately written in fiction, we naturally do not have to worry about the author. The former is like a historical novel, which cannot be tampered with; the latter is like going through a novel and writing whatever it wants.
So, the next question comes, why did the author use the Place Name "Dragon City" of the Han Dynasty? The answer is simple, it sounds good, it's cool. Here again involves a problem, China's official names and places and celebrity names, it seems that the more ancient the better, may be the distance to produce beauty, may be a good name to the ancients have been taken out. The Ming Dynasty poet Wang Shizhen noticed this: "If there are children throughout the ages, they cannot become the "Records of History". Xijing yihui, feudal, palace, official, county, its name is not elegant, not called shuyi, one also. He said that even if Sima Qian (ZiChang) in the Western Han Dynasty could not write the "History of History", the number one reason was that "the name was indecent", the name was not good, and it could not be written into the book. He said so, in the Ming Dynasty, there was a literati of the Ancient Sect who did what he said, and Yuan Zongdao ridiculed them: "If you think that the system of the times is not literate, take the title of Qin and Han to take the title of Wenzhi, if the viewer does not check the "One Unification Zhi", he will hardly know why the countryside is consistent." "It's like now someone introducing yourself to you as a Lanling and Runan, and you have to Baidu to know that it was zaozhuang and Zhumadian."
To put it in a big way, poets since the Tang and Song dynasties have loved to use old names as the mainstream. For example, officials and lords like to use the name of Zhou Qinhan, what "Ten Thousand Households" ah, "two thousand stones", ah, abound. There are also those who use the names of officials of this dynasty, such as Du Fu's "Transfer of the Five Prefectures Defense Envoy, Living in the Eight Wives." "Defensive Envoy" was the official name of the Tang Dynasty; Su Dongpo's "wanted to ask the king to beg for bamboo, but there was no crab in the prison state." "Jianzhou" is the official name of the Song Dynasty; but after all, it is a minority - the new official name is "indecent", and there are not many suitable for poetry. We return to the "Dragon City" and other extraterritorial names, which are also mostly used in the old name, "Loulan", "Xiongnu", "Yuezhi" (including the place names along the Han and Tang Dynasties, such as 'Cloud', 'Shuofang', 'Luntai', etc.); but at that time, there were also poets who used the newly appeared names of the Tang Dynasty, such as Chen Tao's "Longxi Xing": "Poor wuding river bone, like a person in a spring dream." Du Mu's "Title Mulan Temple": "Several times I thought about returning the wine, and I wished Ming Concubine on the clouds." "Wuding River" and "Fuyundui" are all place names that appeared only in the Tang Dynasty, and of course they are used because the words are moving, the syllables are pleasant, and they are catchy in the poems. You see the three words of "Wuding River", revealing the poignant beauty of the impermanence of life and death; "Fuyundui" is even more ethereal and beautiful, Mulan Temple in Hubei, and Inner Mongolia's Fuyundui "far from belonging", and there is no legend that Mulan has been from the army to Fuyundui, Du Mu used the name of this place, the only reason is that it is poetic enough. Poetic enough is the most important criterion for poets to choose words. "Dragon City" is the same, domineering, majestic, mysterious, and transparent with a simple style of disdain for saying more than one word. "Dragon City" in the "History" wrote "Zhicheng", philology two words are the same, but not in the poem, "but make the City fly will be", add a cursive head, the charm is lost, the momentum is suddenly extinguished, just like the famous chef's famous dish, add a spoonful of salt, the taste will be corrupted. The poet is only responsible for art, and seeing the scholar's argument that "he can't stop writing", I am afraid that he will laugh and wake up underground, "Shusheng gently discusses Tsukasa people, and Tsukasa laughs at books angry."
Words, like music, are inherently beautiful, and you don't even need to know the meaning and background, you can feel it just by syllables and glyphs. A friend opened a club with the name "Xanadu", and I asked her why she chose this, and she said it sounded good. She did not study literature and history, and I am afraid that she would not know that "xanadu" is a transliteration of the "Shangdu" of the Mongol Empire by Westerners, nor will she know that it has become a symbol of the Oriental imagination after the use of the famous work "Kublai Khan" by the great English poet Koleridge. But she could still appreciate the beauty of the word. This is the power of the word itself.
Cheng Yu black