Andy
One
Is There a Future for Paper? Interacting with Print: Elements of Reading in the Era of Print Saturation is a collection of papers by scholars and experts in related fields in Europe and the United States, discussing many key concepts in the history of print culture, such as manuscripts, paper, advertising, binding, indexes, anthologies, etc., among which "perishable" An Ephemerality article quotes Lord Chesterfield's advice to his son in its concluding section:
A gentleman should be a man who is good at arranging time and does not waste his life. Even if he could be summoned to the canteen to eat, he could read the works of Latin poets in between. For example, he bought a copy of the Selected Poems of Horace, tore off a few pages, and took it with him to read. He read them first, and then gave them as sacrifices to Croasina. (Translated by Fu Li, Beijing United Publishing Company, First Edition, March 2021, 160 pages)
The last word "Croasina" was added by the translator with a footnote: "Cloacina, the priesthood of managing sewers and public health in ancient Roman mythology." This means that a few torn pages are read and then discarded. ”
Is There a Future for Paper? English original
Is There a Future for Paper? Chinese translation
The 450th of Qian Zhongshu's Notes on Rong An Guan is a reading of The Letters of Lord Chesterfield, which copied the original text of the above letter, which is as follows:
I knew a gentleman who was so good a manager of his time that he would not even lose that small portion of it which the calls of nature obliged him to pass in the necessary-house; but gradually went through all the Latin poets in those moments. He bought, for example, a common edition of Horace, of which he tore off gradually a couple of pages, carried them with him to that necessary place, read them first, & then sent them down as a sacrifice to Cloacina.
Comparing the translation, it was found that the translator understood "the calls of nature obliged him to pass in the necessary-house" as "summoning him to the canteen to eat", so the later magic can not be translated. Mr. Qian added a short summary after trancribing this passage: "That is, use them both as reading material & as bum-fodder." Chinese meaning is roughly: a few pages of Horace's Selected Poems were torn off, both as reading material and as hand paper. Therefore, the above is obviously not to go to the canteen to eat, but to go to the toilet to bring a few pages of Horace's poems to read, and after reading them, they are wiped on the buttocks, which becomes "a sacrifice to the goddess of the sewers".
Two
From lord Chesterfield's letter to read the book, Mr. Qian quoted examples from Coleridge, James Joyce, Bauswell and other works, and also said that Chinese classics, the passage in the Guitian Record: 'In ordinary life, I can only read books, and I read the history of the Bible when I sit, and read novels when I lie down, and read small words when I go to the toilet.' Xie Xishen also said: "Every time Song Gongzhi goes to the toilet, he will carry the book in the past, and the sound of irony will be loud and loud, and it will be heard near and far", everyone is very familiar with it, but then quotes the "Preliminary Compilation of the Records of the North East Garden", written by Liang Gongchen, the son of the Qing Dynasty scholar Liang Zhangju, volume 1 said:
When the family lord was on the bus in Beijing, and when he saw Yu Qiu's bachelor, he asked for a private request: "Mr. Calligraphy is exquisite, why can't you dingyuan?" The bachelor laughed: "When I returned to the class under the list of the Cshu Branch, there was a Guangdong Wu person who came to visit, saying: 'Junqi is out of the book to read?' "I also committed this crime, I fell seriously ill last year, dreamed of entering the Yin Division, and the king of Yan ordered the judge to take the book of life and death, signed it with "out of the Gong to read the book", Yu Reduced Shou Erji, and Jun Cut Zhuangyuan became a jinshi. ’”
Here is a conjecture that the famous scribe Yu Ji of the Qianlong Period did not attain the title.
Yu Ji (Chinese: 余集; pinyin: Zhāng Zhāngzhāng zhō Qianlong Thirty-one Years (1766) Jinshi, official to the bachelor of adjutant. The seventy-eighth article of Qian Zhongshu's "Notes on Rong An Guan" on the works of the Remaining Collections says:
Qiu Mu is multi-talented, and he wrote the "Yanlan Small Score", with a light pen and tongue, and yu opera appreciation. Imami's canonical writing, although quite elegant, is not enough to be seen.
He also quoted the "Autumn Room Study Ancient Record" volume VI "Autumn Room Resident Self-inscribed Epitaph", saying that on the day of his birth, his father "dreamed of the first day of the sun, and the glory of a room", "There is a jiazheng, there will be a special honor, and Yu's name is not vibrant, will there be a will and the emperor will seize the ya" Yunyun. (The dream words of someone from Guangdong Wu in the above-mentioned "Preliminary Compilation of the Records of the North East Garden" have been copied here.) ）
Probably that the Yuji was quite famous in that year, and it was not won, and everyone was very sorry and speculated about the reason. Jiang Baoling's "Merlin's Present Words" Volume VII "Yu Qiu Room Three Absolutes" said:
Mr. Li painted landscapes, poultry and fish, orchid bamboo, and was not perfect. Especially good at women, the wind god is quiet, and there is no painting history. However, he is deeply self-respecting, not lightly made by others, and those who have gained it are better than the enemies and the relics of Tang. In his later years, he made more bamboo stones to cypriot people please. ...... Shi Yun, the jade pot of the smell: "After Mr. Jie Nangong, the temple tried to be the great leader, and he was good at painting beautiful people, so he suppressed it." Although there is no confirmation of this matter, it has spread the art garden for a long time. (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, July 2015 edition, 122 pages)
Yu Ji lost his title because he was good at painting beautiful people, Chen Yinke listened to Jiang Baoling's explanation, and in "Liu Ru is a Biography", he talked about Gu Yunmei's "Small Shadow Of Hedong Jun's Visit to Banye Hall", Chen Yinke said: "There are many people who continue to copy. Xie Yinke did not see it all. However, the Shenzhou Guoguang Society's photocopy of Yu Qiu's white depiction of willow is the most famous in the world for its small portrait. Rong Pei is good at painting beautiful people, and has the eyes of 'Yu Beauty' (see Qin Zu Yong Continuing Tong Yin On Paintings, etc.), and even sitting is not allowed to be a head (see Jiang Baoling Mo Lin's seventh sentence). (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, August 1980 edition, middle volume, 446 pages)
Yu Ji "Scattered Flowers" (Duo YunXuan Old Collection)
And the Liang Gongchen book quoted in Qian Zhongshu provides another explanation: because Yu Ji had the habit of reading books and was punished by The Lord of Heaven, he could have won the title, but now he is only a jinshi.
The 450th chronicle of rong'an guan cites Qian Yong's "Tales of the Garden" volume 17:
Dai Yaoyuan's "Notes on Spring Water Residence" is very detailed about reading books on the toilet of the scholar in Yuqiu Room in Hangzhou. In July, Yu first entered Beijing, and when he saw the bachelor, he asked about it, and the bachelor knew that there was a way. (See Zhonghua Bookstore December 1979 edition, 466 pages)
Then the sentence "It can be seen that Yaoyuan's words are not vain", and the Notes skip the undocumented. In this way, there are three different sources of evidence for this. And what is proved is nothing more than the dream words of someone in Guangdong Wu. In the end, only God knows, the Qianlong Emperor may know, and Yu Ji himself is obviously willing to believe this statement.
After quoting Chen Yinke's "Liu Ru is a Biography", there is also a sentence: "I don't know what year this little statue was made." In order to speculate, when in the Autumn Chamber Qianlong Chengshu Hall after the test. However, the 'Yu Meiren' failed to be neutralized, and this small image was not to blame. It is a pity that Chen Yinke did not notice this rumor, otherwise he could be more assured that Yu Ji did not get the title, and it had nothing to do with the painting of Liu Ru.
Three
Xu Yishi, the former master of the family, wrote an article "About The Reader", which was originally published in the third issue of Wenshi Magazine in 1944 and included in the "Sequel to the First Scholar's Manuscript" (Zhonghua Bookstore, first edition in March 2019). The second section of the article, titled "Reading Books on the Toilet", begins by quoting the passage from Qian Yong's "Walking in the Garden" and saying that "Dai's notes, Yu did not see, but see Liang Jingshu (Gong chen) "Exhortations and Recent Records" detailed the matter" and said.
Liang Gongchen's "Recent Records of Persuasion" is more detailed than the "Preliminary Compilation of the Records of the Northern East Garden" cited in the "Notes of Rong An guan", and Xu Yishi quoted all of them. When Wu Someone said that he was reduced in life expectancy, before he peeked at his name in the book of life and death, it was Yu Ji's name, and there was a note under his name, Yun: "Zhejiang Qiantang people, Nongwu people, Chengshu Zhuangyuan." "The following lu position is very long. However, the word "Zhuangyuan" was checked out with a pen and changed to the word "Jinshi" (pp. 412-413).
After talking about Yu Ji, the "Tales of the Garden" tells another story: "Cai Lizhai in the clouds, the grandson of the waiter Hongye, the grandson of Zuo Du Yushi Feng Gongguang Xiong, and the generalist." I like to read books on the bucket the most, and the township test is not the first in more than ten subjects. Taking the example of aid as Jiangxi County, waiting for Nanchang, the poor are very poor. There was a very wise eldest son, who died unmarried, and the ceremony was also killed. Yu tried to persuade him, but did not listen. Who has been trapped all his life, and he knows that he is not as good as Yu Xueshi's folding Fuye? This story was quoted in Xu Yishi's article, and the Notes of Rong An Guan was also quoted. If it was only because he was reading a book, Xu Yishi sighed: "If the Cai clan is trapped in the field house for a long time with generalists, the micro-members are poor, and the son dies, and his punishment is particularly cool." ”
Zhou Zuoren also wrote a "toilet reading", which was originally published in the fifth issue of "Cosmic Wind" in 1935, and later included in "Miscellaneous Notes of Bitter Bamboo". The beginning quotes the Qing Dynasty scholar Hao Yixing's "Records of the Book Hall", Volume IV," "Reading in the Toilet":
In the old tradition, there were women who devoted themselves to the Buddhist scriptures, and although they did not stop reciting them when they went to the toilet, they died in the toilet after receiving good results, and they were passed on as precepts. Although the words of the Shih Tzu may not be credible, they also show that the area of filth is not suitable for satire...
This passage, the Notes of Rong An Guan, was also copied. Hao Yixing, a scholar whom Zhou Zuoren liked, quoted this passage and said: "Hao Jun's article is very interesting, but I have a slight objection, because I am quite in favor of reading books on the toilet. (Hebei Education Publishing House, January 2002, first edition, p. 98) Of course, the premise must be that the toilet is like the toilet described by Junichiro Tanizaki in "Yin Feng Praise", the old man of Zhitang said: "If there is a clean toilet, it is still okay to read some books when going to the toilet, but it is not necessary to write an essay." Books do not need to be divided into subsets of scripture and history, just look at them, I have a common practice, that is, do not take rare books or difficult books, although it is also common to read grammar books. In my experience, it's best to read essays, but not novels. As for the recitation, we don't read the eight major texts now, so naturally we don't need to. (ibid., p. 101)
Qian Zhongshu also quoted many Chinese and foreign classics about Reading Books like Zhou Zuoren, and Yang Dai's "We Both" was followed by several portraits of Qian Zhongshu painted by their daughter Qian Zhen, including a "My father doing a major", which depicted the scene of Qian Zhongshu in "Necessary Place" and did not hold a book in his hand (Sanlian Bookstore, July 2003, first edition attached page).
钱瑗绘“My father doing a major”图
(This article is an extension of the old work)
Editor-in-Charge: Zheng Shiliang
Proofreader: Luan Meng