Today we come to talk about another famous figure among the literati and lyricists of the Tang Dynasty, he is the famous poet Wei Yingwu.
Wei Yingwu's life is full of legends, and his life eventually ended in tragedy. But Wei Yingwu wrote his own name in the history of the Tang Dynasty, and his poetry and early literati words also left a strong mark on the history of Chinese literature.
Wei Yingwu's poems are clear and sparse, with the lightness and idleness of Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and other landscape idyllic poetry schools, as well as the great realism of the poetry Saint Du Fu who worries about the country and the people, and the deep love for the people of Li Min. At the same time, Wei Yingwu was even more in the creation of words, with his own exploration, he used the popular tune of the Tang Dynasty "Laughing Order" to write two words, one strong, one soft, becoming the pathfinder of early literati words.
Let's first tell the story of Wei Yingwu's life. Wei Yingwu was born in a prominent High Gate clan, similar to the Qing Dynasty's great poet Naran Zhide, who was a famous family prince. Wei Yingwu's great-grandfather was the Tang Dynasty right chancellor Wei Beibao, and his father Wei Jian was a famous painter who served as a judicial officer in Xuanzhou. Speaking of the Wei surname of the Tang Dynasty, it was one of the top high-gate clans at that time, and from the beginning of the Han Dynasty, it was popular to say "Jingzhao Weidu, go to the heavens and feet five", which means that the Wei family and the Du family in Chang'an City are only five feet away from the heavens, that is, the emperor. The implication is that these two families have produced high-ranking officials and dignitaries for generations.
According to the New Book of Tang, in the Tang Dynasty, the Du family produced twelve prime ministers, while the Wei family was even more cattle, producing fourteen prime ministers. In the history of literature, these two families are also full of talents. The Wei family had Wei Yingwu and wei Zhuang, the poet of the Huajian sect in the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty, while the Du family produced the famous poet Du Mu, who enjoyed the reputation of "Little Li Du". It can be seen how powerful the genes of these two families are.
Wei Yingwu was born into a rich family, and his personality was very arrogant from an early age, and he was a typical Wuling evil minority. He had a bohemian personality and ran rampant in the countryside, and the people in the township hid far away when they saw him. Although Wei Yingwu later became a famous poet and a good official of the empire, in his early years, he did not know what reading was, and fought and killed all day on the rivers and lakes, which was similar to the early Tang Dynasty poet Chen Ziang. Chen Ziang was also a clumsy disciple, who did not love to study in his early years, until he was seventeen years old and fought with people and injured people, ate a lawsuit to know the preciousness of reading, worked hard to read, and eventually became a generation of Wenzong.
However, When Wei Yingwu and Chen Ziang were young, they did not like to learn and liked to dance knives and guns, which was also a popular fashion among the Tang Dynasty people, especially the young people in the early Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. They advocate martial arts, like to run to the border pass desert, and gain fame on horseback. Therefore, when many poets were young, they were all floating prodigal children, and they all pursued to be chivalrous swordsmen and live the life of a ranger.
The poet Li Bai was a swordsman with high martial skills who "killed one person in ten steps and did not leave a line for a thousand miles" and "brushed his clothes away, hiding his merits and names deeply"; the great poets Chen Ziang, Wang Changling, Gao Shi, and even Du Fu, who was worried about the country and the people, when he was young, he was also an ancient confused boy of "Qiu Ma's light madness". After all, the Tang Dynasty is still in a period of young rise, after all, the hormones of these young people are still in the explosive period.
Wei Yingwu relied on family power, and perhaps high martial arts, to become Tang Xuanzong's imperial bodyguard, that is, the "great inner master" in martial arts novels, and the future seems to be a smooth road.
"Yuyang Nai came agitatedly" and "Anshi Rebellion" interrupted the momentum of the Tang Dynasty's continued rise, becoming a turning point in the decline of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the middle and late Tang Dynasties, and also changed the fate of many people.
Shixian Li Bai defected to the Yong King after the "Anshi Rebellion", he thought he could realize his political ideals, and as a result, he almost became a rebel and was eventually exiled to Yelang; Shifo Wang Wei was captured by the rebels in the "Anshi Rebellion", and had no choice but to become a puppet official, although he later saved his life, the result was that he was immersed in repentance all his life, so he was "quite good in middle age" and lived in seclusion in the Villa of Yuanchuan in zhongnan Mountain; in the process of fleeing from the "Anshi Rebellion", Shisheng DuFu wrote the great spiritual epics of the Tang Dynasty, "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", It has achieved the good name of the poet. And the high degree of rest in middle age is to take advantage of the wind in the "Anshi Rebellion" and complete the perfect counterattack from the poor and sloppy cloth to the Huainan Festival. In short, the Anshi Rebellion is a watershed in the fate of many people.
And Wei Yingwu's fate was also rewritten due to the Anshi rebellion, Tang Xuanzong fled to Sichuan with Yang Yuhuan, and did not even run with wei Yingwu, the former imperial bodyguard, and Wei Yingwu became a wanderer in the chaotic world, and was thrown into the tide of society. At this point, Wei Yingwu understood that only by studying and examining jinshi to become an official was the hard truth of the right way, and began to be angry and strong, and finally after the Anshi rebellion, he was admitted to the jinshi, and successively did the Chuzhou Thorn History, Suzhou Thorn History, and so on. Because he had done the history of stabbing in Suzhou, Wei Yingwu was later called "Wei Suzhou".
Although he was a floating prodigal son when he was young, Wei Yingwu, who was an official, was a good official who was diligent and loved the people, and he once wrote a poem saying, "When he is sick and thinks about the field, he is ashamed of the exile and is ashamed of the displacement of the people under his rule." However, Wei Yingwu's later years were desolate and tragic, and when the suzhou assassination history expired, he seemed to be completely forgotten by the imperial court and never received a new appointment. Wei Yingwu did not even have the cost of returning to Chang'an to find a way, so he had to live in a temple in Suzhou, and eventually died of poverty.
Wei Yingwu's poems, especially his landscape poems, were extremely successful, and were deeply influenced by Tao Yuanming, Wang Weimeng Haoran and others, and were called "Wang Mengwei Liu". This "Liu" is the great poet Liu Zongyuan of the Middle Tang Dynasty. Wei Yingwu has a poem called "Chuzhou Xijian", which can be described as a song that has been sung for eternity.
The lonely grass is born on the side of the stream, and there are yellow orioles on the deep tree song.
The spring tide brings rain to the evening, and the wild ferry has no one to cross itself.
This poem is idyllic and quiet, there are paintings in the poems, there are poems in the paintings, and it has the essence of Wang Weichan's poetry.
Today we look at Wei Yingwu's two poems, although they are early literati words, but also deeply engraved Wei Yingwu's personal style, at the same time, he wrote the words of Bian Sai Huma, which can be said to be a new sound of Kai Bian Sai poems. "Laughing Order":
Huma, Huma, far down the Yanzhi Mountain.
Running sand and running snow alone, looking east and west to look at the road fans.
Lost, lost, edge grass endless twilight.
Translated into modern chinese: Huma, Huma, is grazed far away under the desolate Yanzhi Mountain. Four hooves planing sand and snow running alone hissing gulls, looking east and west into a lost road. Lost, lost, grassy grass, endless mist twilight, shrouded in endless grassland border roads.
I think this is a very iconic word. When the center of gravity of the aesthetics of the middle and late Tang Dynasties shifted to the boudoir and the heavy curtains, when the ambition of the Sheng Tang was exhausted and replaced by small, secret personal feelings, Wei Yingwu's words led our eyes to the desert and the fierce west wind over there. He wrote about a lost horse, wandering in the boundless grassland, and this lost horse is most likely a portrayal of Wei Yingwu's own uncertain future and confused mood.
Although his mood was confused and sad, Wei Yingwu still wrote "Endless Twilight of The Side Grass", which is so far away and boundless.
Wei Yingwu also has another poem, which is completely different from Huma's one, and it has a soft sense of intestinal fragmentation when read.
River Han, River Han, Xiao Hanging Autumn City is long.
Sorrowful people look up at each other, and the south of the river is separated from the north.
Parting, parting, although the river is the same road.
In the last Huma, Wei Yingwu wrote about the sadness of the hero losing his way, and this poem wrote about the lovesickness and hatred of the lover who was far away from the river. The sky is about to dawn, and the brilliant Milky Way is hanging obliquely in autumn city, which shows that this acacia person, who has not slept all night, looks at the galaxy, and can see the depth of acacia from sorrow. Such a scene is similar to the famous sentence of Zhang Jiuling, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, "Lovers complain about the night, and they even think of each other at night". The acacia person looks at the galaxy from afar, but the loved one, the way of Jiangnan Saibei road is blocked, and the pain of acacia and the hatred of parting can be seen even more.
Two teasing orders, one with the tragic beauty of the side plug, one with the graceful beauty of lingering pity, Wei Yingwu's poetic kung fu, has reached the realm of free receiving and sending, these two words, in the early literati words, can also be regarded as fine.