<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > Centennial General 64: Dong Zhentang</h1>
Author: Forget about the jianghu
The 15 corps commanders of the Red Army, Dong Zhentang, Luo Binghui and Xiao Ke, who is more qualified to be awarded the title of general?
This topic seems to be "Guan Gong Zhan Qin Qiong", because the three famous generals basically did not intersect the rest of the time except for experiencing the period of the Great Revolution together. Dong Zhentang of the Fifth Red Army died in the Hexi Corridor in 1937 at the age of 42. Luo Binghui of the Red Ninth Army died of illness in June 1946 at the age of 49, when the Liberation War had just begun. Xiao Ke of the Second Red Army was a founding general who died in 2008 at the age of 101.
But the three famous generals are also comparable, they all participated in the Northern Expedition, and before the Long March, they were all legion commanders.
Dong Zhentang
Dong Zhentang, character Shao Zhong, 1895, Dong Zhentang was born in Lijiazhuang, Xinhexi, Hebei.
Dong Zhentang is the second eldest in the family, the eldest brother Dong Shengtang and the younger brother Dong Zhitang. The three brothers had learned martial arts from their father since childhood and had a good kung fu, which had some similarities with Luo Binghui, while Xiao Ke was a northern expedition student army who graduated from a normal school.
Dong Zhentang and the eldest brother Dong Shengtang were successively admitted to the eighth and ninth phases of the artillery section of the Baoding Officer School.
In March 1923, Dong Zhentang, He Jifeng and 13 other classmates went to the army to inspect feng Yuxiang's department, and in June he was appointed as the platoon commander of the artillery company of the 11th Division, participating in the Second Zhifeng War, the "Beijing Incident" and the warlord melee, and was promoted to the head of the engineer regiment for his merits.
In September 1926, Feng Yuxiang took the oath in Wuyuan, Dong Zhentang was promoted to brigade commander of the 12th Brigade, got acquainted with Liu Bojian, who returned from Moscow, and established a deep friendship after more than 9 months of exchanges. In 1927, Dong Zhentang was promoted to commander of the 36th Division. After the Battle of the Central Plains, he was demoted to brigade commander of the 73rd Brigade.
At the same time, Luo Binghui joined the Dian Army in 1922 and was appointed as the commander of the Jingwei Brigade in Ji'an, Jiangxi in April 1929. In July, he joined the party and launched an armed uprising in western Ganxi, serving as the commander of the independent 5th Regiment. After the Changting Conference in 1930, he was appointed commander of the Red 12th Army.
Xiao Ke was admitted to the Normal School in 1923, went to Guangzhou in the winter of 1925, and was admitted to the Gendarmerie Coaching Institute in early 1926. After graduating from the Northern Expedition, the Nanchang Uprising of 1927 was a company commander. In June 1930, at the age of 25, Xiao Ke was appointed commander of the 12th Division.
Whether it is Dong Zhentang, Luo Binghui or Xiao Ke, who became famous as a teenager, his seniority during the Red Army period is very old.
In January 1931, the 26th Route Army was sent to Fujian to encircle and suppress the Red Army, which caused dissatisfaction among officers and soldiers.
Because in the third "encirclement and suppression" period, Dong Zhentang was reprimanded by Jiang Shi for "fear of death". After the September 18 Incident, officers and soldiers demanded that they go north to resist Japan. Commander-in-Chief Sun Lianzhong went to Shanghai to see a doctor, and Chief of Staff Zhao Bosheng presided over military affairs.
In December 1931, Zhao Bosheng, with Dong Zhentang's 73rd Brigade as the main brigade, joined forces with Ji Zhentong's 74th Brigade to launch the Ningdu Uprising.
The rebel forces were reorganized into the Fifth Army, with Ji Zhentong, commander-in-chief, Xiao Jinguang, political commissar, Liu Bojian, director of the Political Department, and Dong Zhentang as deputy commander-in-chief, commander of the 13th Army, and political commissar He Changgong. A brigade commander led an uprising of 17,000 people, in addition to the underground organization and the prestige of Dong Zhentang.
The Ningdu Conference added 17,000 regular troops to the Red Army, and brought more than 20,000 weapons, 8 radios, X-ray machines and other medical equipment. You must know that less than half of the Red Army has weapons, and Dong Zhentang is nothing less than sending charcoal in the snow. The uprising also produced 31 founding generals.
The former site of the Ningdu Conference Headquarters
In February 1932, the Red First and Third Armies besieged Ganzhou, and after a long period of unsuccessful attack, Peng Dehuai's Red 4th and Red 7th Divisions were surrounded, and the enemy was attacked on the abdomen and back. Dong Zhentang and the 13th Army of the 5th Army arrived in time, greeted the enemy 11th Division with a large knife, and covered the safe withdrawal of the siege troops.
The first battle of the Red Fifth Army began to show its sharp edge, and even Peng Dehuai, who had always been brave, was ashamed of himself.
In April, Dong Zhentang joined the organization through the introduction of Liu Bojian and He Changgong, and took out all the family property of 3,000 oceans to hand over to the organization. He Changgong reported to the chairman, who advised him to send some to his home and keep a little for himself. Dong Zhentang said: I handed everything over to the organization, and what else do I want money to do!
In the Battle of Shuikou in July, the Red Fifth Army fought a bloody battle for 9 days, and Dong Zhentang personally led 4,000 large knife teams, killing more than 3,000 enemies in one day. Successively repelled the repeated attacks of 20 regiments of the enemy army, which made the enemy feel frightened. In December, the chairman awarded him the Order of the Red Banner, calling him a general who was a constant victory.
In the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, the 5th Army suffered heavy losses in the Xingguo Blockade Battle. In October, Liu Bocheng opposed Li Defeng's command and was demoted to chief of staff of the 5th Army. Dong Zhentang and Li Zhuoran did not regard him as a staff member, but still honored him as "chief of the general staff."
Before and after the Long March, the Red Army formed 10 corps and 5 corps equivalent to corps.
There were 7 legions of the Red Army, including 20,000 red lin biao, 17,800 red three Peng Dehuai, 12,200 red five dong zhentang, 6,000 red seven searching huaizhou, 7,000 red ten fang zhimin, 11,000 red eight zhou kun, and 11,500 red nine luo binghui.
He Long's Red Second Army had 9,700 men, Xiao Ke's Red Sixth Army had 8,500 men, and after the merger into the Red Second Front, there were 17,500 people, led by He Long, Xiao Ke, and Wang Zhen. In July 1936, after meeting the Red Fourth Front, there were still 14,300 people.
After the 2,980 men of the Red 25th Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, there were 3,400 people, and 8,000 people after the red 15th Army was merged with the 26th and 27th armies of northern Shaanxi, Xu Haidong, the commander of the regiment, Cheng Zihua, the political commissar, and Liu Zhidan, the deputy commander of the regiment.
The Red Fourth Front did not have a corps, but had five corps: Wang Hongkun, commander of the Red 4th Army, the founding general; He Wei of the Red 9th Army, who left the army and returned home in 1938; Yu Yuntian of the Red 30th Army, who drowned himself during the Long March in 1935 and succeeded him; Wang Shusheng of the Red 31st Army, the founding general; Wang Weizhou, commander of the Red 33rd Army, who served as vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Basically also at the level of a general.
Among the 15 corps-level commanders, Dong Zhentang's record was obviously stronger than that of Xiao Ke and Luo Binghui in the same period. If Dong Zhentang could live until 1955, he would have been a general, because from joining the Red Army, he had never hesitated to do anything about the tasks arranged by the organization, and he always did it well.
The Long March of the Red Army was much more difficult and long-distance than that of the Red Second Front.
The Red Fifth Army crossed the meadow three times and actually walked 35,000 miles, 10,000 miles more than the main force. The losses were also the greatest, and the Red 34th Division was completely destroyed in the First Battle of Xiangjiang, leaving only more than 3,000 people of the Red 13th Division. Luo Binghui's Red Ninth Legion had more than 2,000 people left and merged into the Red Fifth Army.
On New Year's Day 1935, Chiang Issued a reward order: Zhu, Mao, and Xu were awarded 100,000 yuan and the first prize was 80,000 yuan; Lin Biao, Peng Dehuai, Dong Zhentang, Luo Binghui, Zhou, and Zhang were awarded 80,000 yuan and the first prize was 50,000 yuan.
After the Zunyi Conference, the Red Army began to operate on mobile, but the pressure on the Fifth Red Army increased unabated.
In April 1935, the Red Army soldiers rushed to cross the Jinsha River in three ways, Lin Biao's 1st Army crossed at Longjie, and Peng Dehuai's 3rd Army crossed at Hongmen, without boats or bridges, all to Liu Bocheng's Kyaukpyeong crossing the river. Liu Bocheng, Chen Yun and Ye Jianying only had 6 small wooden boats, and it took 9 days and 9 nights for 30,000 people to cross the river. Dong Zhentang's blocking time also ranged from the first 3 days and 3 nights to the last 9 days and 9 nights.
The Red Fifth Army is known as the "Iron Stream Defender", so Mr. Zhu said: There is an old fifth, I am at ease!
In June 1935, the First and Fourth Fronts met the division in Maogong, Sichuan.
In July, the troops were downsized into armies, and the Red 5 Corps was reorganized into the Red 5 Army, but it was still customary to call it the Corps.
In August, the Red 5th Army acted as the forward of the Left Route Army, opening the way to the north. Because of his opposition to going south, Liu Bocheng was sent to the Red Army University as president. There was a fierce argument between President Zhu and Political Commissar Zhang. Because of his approval of Mr. Zhu, Dong Zhentang was slapped several times by Huang Chao on the spot.
Dong Zhentang was silently stoic, and Mr. Zhu was extremely angry, so he had to take Dong Zhentang back to his tent.
At the Aba Conference and the Zhuo Mu Diao Conference, He Changgong, Luo Binghui, Li Zhuoran, and Shao Shiping all spoke in support of the south. After the meeting, Dong Zhentang, Chen Bojun and others found Liu Bocheng and asked him and the boss to take everyone north. Liu Bocheng meticulously drew up a plan to arrest General Political Commissar Zhang, but was vetoed by General Manager Zhu, who asked him to tell Hongyi's cadres not to be too hasty, and Liu Bocheng turned back to Dong Zhentang and others to do work.
In July 1936, dong Zhentang saw hope in the Red Second Front and the Red Fourth Division.
At the beginning, the deputy commander-in-chief Xiao Ke was also hoodwinked by Chairman Zhang to support the southward movement, but fortunately Liu Bocheng arrived in time to expose the truth. It can be said that on this issue, Luo Binghui and Xiao Ke's judgment ability is far inferior to Dong Zhentang.com.
After the three main Red Army divisions met, the chairman took power. Dong Zhentang became one of the 23 members, after Liu Bocheng and Guan Xiangying, and before Ye Jianying, Xu Haidong, Nie Rongzhen, Guo Hongtao, Zhang Yunyi, Wang Weizhou, and others.
On January 20, 1937, 3,000 warriors of the Red 5 Army were killed for 9 days and 9 nights.
The commander Dong Zhentang was preparing to break through, and Huang Chao, the political commissar of the Red 5 Army, sent a death order: stay in Gaotai County, otherwise the military law will be engaged. Dong Zhentang, Yang Keming, director of the Political Department, and Liu Peiji, chief of staff, died heroically, and the heads of all three were cut off and hung on the gate of the Majia army to show the public.
At the memorial service, the chairman said: Dong Zhentang is a resolute revolutionary comrade. Knowing the horsepower of the road and seeing the hearts and minds of the people over time, our revolutionary contingent needs such comrades. The brutality of the enemy also made the chairman angry, and after 12 years, he did not accept the surrender of Ma Jiajun.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Dong Zhentang's wife Jia Mingyu and her two sons lived in seclusion in Anhui Province, and the eldest son, Dong Guangyao, 17, soon joined the anti-Japanese guerrillas and died on the battlefield. Jia Mingyu and his second son Dong Yongwei and adopted daughter Dong Guangtai depend on each other for their lives.
In 1946, the chairman entrusted Liu and Deng to send people to find Jia Mingyu and take the mother and son to the Liberated Areas. When he learned of the difficulties in life, the chairman instructed the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Border Region to allocate 50 acres of good land to them and also sent people to send 600,000 yuan.
On the eve of August 1, 1962, Marshal Ye Jianying wrote a group of poems commemorating Liu Bojian, Dong Zhentang and others:
The hero died on the wrong road, which made me deeply cherish Dong Zhentang.
The ape crane sandworm has been changed through the world, and the high platform is glorious for you.
In 2009, Dong Zhentang was elected as one of the "100 Heroic And Exemplary Figures Who Made Outstanding Contributions to the Founding of New China".
Portrait of the Red Army soldiers in Gaotai, Gansu
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