The ancient texts in Chinese history, as far as filial piety is concerned, the most influential is Li Mi's "Chen Qing Table", whose filial piety touches people's hearts and its filial piety feels heaven and earth, so posterity gives a judgment:
"Whoever reads Zhuge Kongming's "Table of Renunciation" and does not fall into tears will be disloyal; he who reads Li Lingbo's "Table of Feelings" without falling into tears will not be filial piety; and he who reads Han Huizhi's "Sacrifice to the Twelve Lang Texts" and does not fall into tears will not be friends."
It can be said that it is the most filial piety, which is famous throughout the ages, and is still a famous article for educating future generations and promoting filial piety.
Zhuge Kongming is Zhuge Liang, Han Retreat is Han Yu, and Li Lingbo is Li Mi.
The table is a special style of the ancient Chinese courtiers who wrote to the emperor to express their feelings, and it can also be said that the ministers gave the emperor a kind of chapter to state the situation and express their demands.
So, how did Li Mi write this tear-jerking "Expression of Feelings"? How emotional and moving is the article, and how did Emperor Wu of Jin react after reading the "Table of Chen Qing"?
Li Mi (李密), courtesy name Lingbo, was born in 224 and died in 287, a native of Wuyang (present-day Pengshan County, Sichuan) during the Three Kingdoms period.
When Li Mi was young, he studied under the most famous scholar in the Shu Kingdom at that time, Tan Zhou, studied hard and practiced diligently, read a lot of books, and finally learned to become rich in five cars, especially in the Spring and Autumn Zuo Clan Biography. After entering the army, he served as shangshu of the Shu state (shangshutai official of the emperor's secretarial office).
After the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed the Shu state, Sima Yan, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, wanted to recruit Li Mi as the crown prince Xian Ma, an important position to teach the prince's political affairs, literary and scientific knowledge, and assist the prince. For Li Mi, it can be said that he looks up and loves it. However, Li Mi, because he had been a member of the Shu State and was a demoted official of the Jin Dynasty, was psychologically unable to live the threshold of loyalty and adultery, and there was a grandmother in her nineties who wanted to serve in the family, so he hoped to resign this appointment on the grounds that his grandmother was old and unserved, so he wrote the article "Chen Qing Table".
In the "Table of Feelings", Li Mi stated his current family situation to Emperor Wu of Jin with fluent words and affectionate tone, expressed the reasons why he could not obey the edict, and put forward the request to resign from the official, with sincere emotions, gentle and poignant, and touching to the heart. For thousands of years, this article has become the culmination of ancient lyrical prose, touching generations of people who are kind and filial.
Li Mi's father died six months after he was born, and when he was four years old, his mother remarried, which is what he called "zero Ding lonely suffering". From childhood to adulthood, it was his grandmother Liu Shi who pulled him into adulthood with a handful of and a handful of urine, Li Mi was touched by his grandmother's hard work, so he treated his grandmother very filial piety, and his filial piety was famous for hundreds of miles, and the Book of Jin commented that Li Mi smelled with filial piety.
In fact, the most difficult thing about resigning from Emperor Wu of Jin was not the question of the fullness of reasons, but the question of How to save his qingqing's life when he said "no" to the emperor of the new dynasty as a "prisoner of subjugation of the country" was crucial. Therefore, in order for the emperor to truly understand his own pain of not following the edict, the first thing is to really impress the emperor.
Therefore, Li Mi began with his childhood experience, and quickly pulled the emperor who read the "table" into a desolate atmosphere and context, causing his sympathy and pity. From the process of "being killed by Min" and "zero Ding lonely" and "as for the establishment" in his childhood, the difficulty of "raising herself" led to the grandmother's "personal upbringing". And with the fact that Liu Shi is now ninety-six years old and has the situation of "infant disease", coupled with the poor family situation of "the door is weak and thin", it has quickly turned to the reality of "standing alone and hanging on to each other", because no one has served the old grandmother, indicating that he is serving soup and medicine, and the necessity and reason for leaving are moving with emotion, and the words are tearful.
After using the first sad and touching encounter as a foreshadowing, and then using the situation of repeated conscription and urging by the imperial court, he wrote out his dilemma of being in a difficult position, so that the emperor would not be suddenly and angry after reading this "table", and then sincerely said: "If the subject wants to follow the commandment, he will tell the emperor not to do so, if he wants to obey his private feelings, he will tell him not to allow it", indicating that he has no choice but to resign to the emperor, and uses "arrest the holy pilgrimage and bathe in Qinghua" to show his attitude of submission to the new dynasty, eliminating the misunderstanding of the emperor that may be brought about by this.
Then, in the third paragraph of the "table," Li Mi put forward a reason that Emperor Wu of Jin could not refuse, that is, "the Holy Dynasty ruled the world with filial piety, and all those who are old in the past are still humble and nurtured." The new dynasty put forward the national policy of "ruling the world with filial piety." I resigned from the government and served my relatives, and I am practicing this national policy in order to implement this national policy, and the reason for "resigning from office" cannot be described as insufficient.
At the same time, he used the real situation of "Liu Ri thin western mountains, dying breath, shallow human life, and no worries about the sunset" to explain the reason why he "cannot waste the far away". In order to eliminate the possible misunderstanding of the emperor, he also used such a particularly humble language as "the exile of the country is a lowly prisoner, the most humble to the ugly, too over-promoted, how dare you be cross-eyed", expressing his gratitude for the emperor's reuse and promotion, saying that he is not ignorant of evil.
At the end of the article, Li Mi also explained: "The day of the courtiers is long, and the day of the report is short." Yes, my grandmother is now ninety-six years old, I am only forty-four, my grandmother is thin in the west, and my life is dying, once my grandmother drives the crane to the west, I have my own time to serve the new dynasty, to serve the emperor, and I must be "born as a meteor head, dead as a grass", alive as a loyal servant, dead also grateful to the emperor, this kind of resignation reason can not be described as insufficient, this kind of language request can not be described as immobile, concise, but extremely powerful.
The reason why Li Mi's "Chen Qing Table" has become a famous passage in ancient texts, the biggest special thing is to directly express the true feelings, not to modify falsely, the author uses a love word to dominate the narrative and reasoning, the language is flowing from the depths of the heart like a spring, there is no trace of axe chiseling, no trace of carving, and full of filial piety, filial piety, filial piety, filial piety and other traditional virtues of physical practice, plucking people's heartstrings, touching the heart, even people with iron hearts, reading it can not help but be moved, and even tears.
After reading this table, Emperor Wu of Jin was deeply moved, and not only allowed Li Mi's request to resign, but also specially rewarded Li Mi with 2 slaves to help him take care of his grandmother together, and ordered the county and county levels to provide regular support for his grandmother. After his grandmother's death, li mi entered the dynasty as an official, contributed his talents and learning, assisted Emperor Wu of Jin in governing the country, and fulfilled his promise. It can be seen that Li Mi is not only a filial piety who respects his elders, but also a gentleman who keeps his promises.
"Whoever reads Zhuge Kongming's "Table of Renunciation" and does not fall into tears will be disloyal; he who reads Li Lingbo's "Table of Feelings" without falling into tears will not be filial piety; and he who reads Han Huizhi's "Sacrifice to the Twelve Lang Texts" and does not fall into tears will not be friends." As a result, Li Mi's "Table of Chen Qing" has become one of the three most touching lyrical prose in Chinese history, and has also become a must-read classic for people to study ancient Chinese, together with ancient texts such as "Table of Teachers" and "Sacrifice of the Twelve Lang Texts", it has been included in the book "Ancient Literature Guanzhi" compiled by the Qing Dynasty people Wu Chucai and Wu Tiaohou.
Studying ancient Texts, The Ancient Texts are the best anthologies. This book selects a total of 222 ancient texts from the pre-Qin to the end of the Ming Dynasty, in addition to the aforementioned "Table of Renunciation", "Chen Qing Table", and "Sacrifice of the Twelve Lang Texts", there are also ancient texts that people have never tired of reading in the past, as well as Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Sequence", Wang Bo's "Tengwang Pavilion Sequence", Du Mu's "Afang GongFu", Wei Zheng's "Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong", Li Bai's "Book with Han Jingzhou", Liu Yuxi's "Buried Room Ming", Han Yu's "Saying of the Master", Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher's Saying", Su Dongpo's "Chibi Fu" before and after, Ouyang Xiu's "Shu Shu" Drunken Pavilion Chronicles, Fan Zhongyan's "Records of Yueyang Lou", Wang Anshi's "You Bao Chan Shan Records", Liu Ji's "Words of the Mandarin Seller", Yuan Hongdao's "Xu Wen Chang Biography", and so on, etc., the articles are popular among the population and touching people's hearts.
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