1． Horn hanging books
The New Book of Tang and the Biography of Li Mi: "(Li Mi) heard that Bao Kai was in the Mountains of Jiao, and went from it to him. Ride an ox with a jiān (puān), hang on a corner of the Book of Han, and read it. Yang Su, the Duke of Yueguo, saw yu Dao, and after that, he said, "He Shusheng is so diligent?" 'Secret Knowledge, Bow Down. Ask what you read, "The Biography of Xiang Yu."" 'Cause and word, strange. Gui Zhi Zi Xuan felt: "I look at the degree of secret knowledge, not if I am a generation." Xuan Felt So He Accepted It. ”
Li Mi rode an ox with a saddle made of thin grass, hung a volume of the Book of Han on the horn, and read the book as he walked. Yang Su, the Duke of Yueguo, happened to see it on the road, and slowly followed him, asking, "Where is the scholar so diligent?" Li Mi knew Yang Su and came down from the back of the cow to pay his respects.
Yang Su asked him what he was reading, and he replied, "The Biography of Xiang Yu." Yang Su then talked to him and felt very surprised. After returning home, he said to his son Yang Xuangan: "I see that Li Mi's insight and demeanor are not comparable to yours. Xuangan therefore became acquainted with Li Mi.
Later generations then described diligent reading as "book horizontal horn", "horn hanging scripture", "cocoon chestnut hanging Han book", "shushu horn", "book hanging (cow) horn", and "hanging horn of bull horn". Or "hanging calf talent" and "horn student" refers to the diligent study and brilliant thinking of the student.
2． Negative salary to study
The story is published in the "Book of Han, Yan Zhu Wuqiu's father Xu Yan's final king Jia Biography": "Buy the courtier character Weng Zi, Wu Ren ye also." Poor family, good reading, no property, often ai salary tree, sell for food, bear the salary, line and recite books. His wife also bears the burden of wearing a companionship, and the number of buyers does not sing and vomit. The buyer is more and more sick, and the wife is ashamed, and asks to go. The buyer laughed and said, "Fifty years old and rich, now more than forty years old." Women suffer for a long time, and treat me rich and noble to repay female merits. ’”
This code generally appears in the form of "negative salary" or "negative tree". Sometimes, this code is also used to describe the poor life when it is not encountered.
3． With a warp and a hoe
Quote from the Book of Han, Gongsun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan's Biography: "(Ni Kuan) was employed by Kong Anguo, tried to raise for his disciples (cooked for his disciples), did what he did (and sometimes worked in the field), hoeed with the scriptures, rested and recited, and so on. ”
This codex often appears in the form of a "hoe with a warp". An allusion to the poverty of life and still insisting on learning.
4． Reading books
Quote from "Zhuangzi Outer Chapter, Piao Thumb VIII": "Zang and Gu both killed their sheep when they were shepherding sheep. Ask Zang Xi about things, then ask Gu Xi things, then Bo Sai to swim. ”
Later generations expressed their dedication to diligent reading with the words "coercion", "coercion of books", "coercion of reading", "coercion of the dead sheep", and "reading of dead sheep".
5． High phoenix flow wheat
Quote from the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Yimin Biography, Gao Feng": "Gao Feng character Wentong, Nanyang Ye people also." Few are students, and their families are engaged in farming, and they concentrate on reading and reading day and night. The wife tasted the field, exposed the wheat in the court, and made the phoenix protect the chicken. When it was raining heavily, the phoenix was chanting the sutra with a pole, and he did not feel the water flowing with wheat. The wife also asked strangely, Feng Fang Wuzhi. Later, he became a confucian and taught in the Western Tang Mountains. ”
Later generations then used "flowing wheat", "wheat flow", "abandoned wheat", "wheat not harvested", "atrium wheat", "Gao Feng" and so on to describe the concentration on reading.
6． Wen Shu weaves pu
The story is published in the "Hanshu Jia Mei Zou Road Biography": "Lu Wenshu character Changjun, Julu Dongli people also." The Father is the Gatekeeper. Make Wen Shu shepherd sheep, Wen Shu take Ze Zhongpu, cut it off, and compile and write a book. ”
Wang Yu of the Jin Dynasty also folded pu books while shepherding sheep, and finally learned the history of the scriptures. Other forms of this dictionary are "compiling pu", "cutting pu", "cutting pu", "inscription pu", "compilation and simplification", etc.
7． Chiseled walls steal light
From Han Liu Xin's "Miscellaneous Records of Xijing", Volume II: "Kuang Heng zi zhi Gui, diligent study and no candle, neighbors have candles but do not catch, Heng nai through the wall to lead its light, with the book reflecting the light and reading it." ”
This dictionary can also be written as "chiseling the wall to borrow light", "chiseling the wall to borrow the light", "borrowing light through the wall", "stealing the light and chiseling the wall", or simply referred to as "chiseling the wall", "stealing the light", "Kuangbi" and so on. An allusion to the hard night reading of poor people.
8． Ying Yue reading
The metaphor is an allusion to insisting on reading under very difficult conditions of life. The story is published in the "Book of Southern Qi, The Biography of Filial Piety, And Jiang Bi": "(Jiang) Is poor, chopping (making shoes) day and day, reading at night, and holding the house (climbing the roof) with the moonlight. This classic is widely circulated, mainly in the form of "reflecting the moon", "taking advantage of the moon", "reading under the moon", "shadowing the moon" and so on.
9． Sac fluorescent snow
"Nang Ying" canonized the "Art and Literature Clustering • Continuation Jinyang Qiu": "Che Yin character Wuzi, learn without tiredness." Poor families do not often get oil, and in the summer, they use training sacs to hold dozens of fireworks, night after night. "Yingxue" canonized the second volume of the "Beginner's Record" quoting the "Song Qi Language": "Sun Kang's family is poor, and Chang Yingxue reads."
The main forms of these two dictionaries are "sac firefly", "polyfluorite", "illuminated firefly", "reading firefly", "reflecting snow", "illuminating snow", "shining snow", etc., and the two dictionaries also use "snow window fireworks", "fluorescent snow" and other forms. A parable of the allusion of the poor man's hard reading.
10． Suspension beam thorn strands
Hanging Liang, see Volume 61 of the Taiping Imperial Records, citing Zhang Fang's "Biography of the Ancestors of the Chu State": "Sun Jing was studious, and when he wanted to sleep (doze off), he hung his head to the roof beam to teach himself"; Chen Zhen dozens of times, too Gong "Yin Rune" lesson. Recite it. Concisely thought to speculate. Sleepy from reading, the cone stabs its thighs (thighs), and the blood flows to the feet. ”
11． Wei compiled three absolutes
Quote from the "History of Confucius's Family": "(Confucius) read "Yi", Wei compiled the three absolutes. "If I am a few years, if I am, I will be polite (almost studied) in Yi.' Wei weaving is a cooked cowhide used to string bamboo jane; three absolutes, it is broken three times. Other forms of this canon are: "Absolute Compilation", "Three Absolute Compilations", "Wei Sanjie", "Absolute Wei Compilation", "Three Absolute Wei Compilations" and so on. An allusion to a hard and conscientious reading.
12． Read the book under the curtain
Quote from the "History of Ru Lin Liechuan Dong Shu": "Dong Zhongshu, a Guangchuan person, to rule the Spring and Autumn Period, Xiao Jingshi as a doctor, the lower curtain (put down the curtain hanging in the room) to recite, the disciples passed on to the long time to receive karma, or do not see their faces." For three years, Dong Zhongshu did not look at the sheyuan, and its essence was so. ”
Describe the allusion of closing the door and concentrating on reading and learning. Other forms of this canon are: "lower drapery (帏)", "lower book drapery", "closed drapery", "hanging drapery closed", etc.
13． Three more readings
Quote from the "Three Kingdoms Chronicles of Wei Shu, Zhong Shu Huaxin Wang Lang Biography" Pei Songzhi's commentary quoted "Wei Luo": "(Dong) met Shanzhi "Lao Tzu", for the "Lao Tzu" as a commentary. He is also good at "Zuo Shi Biography", people have scholars, and they are unwilling to teach, and Yun 'must first read a hundred times', saying 'read a hundred times and see righteousness'. From the scholar cloud 'bitter thirst no day'. When it comes to saying 'it should be three more'. Or ask the meaning of the three yu, and say, 'The winter is the rest of the year; the night is the day; the rain is the time.' ’”
An allusion to seizing the time to learn.
14． Burn the anointing
Describe diligently reading day and night. Quote from Han Yu's "Changli Ji Jinxue Xie": "Mr. Shu's mouth is constantly chanting in the text of the six arts, and his hands are constantly draped in the compilation of the hundred families." The notekeeper must mention it, and the usurper must hook his xuan (the idiom "summary hook xuan" source). Greedy and do not donate, burn anointing oil to continue learning during the day (light a lamp to continue learning during the day), and constantly poor years (insist on this for many years). Mr. Business can be described as diligent. ”
15． Under the ten-year window
Describe the allusion to long-term hard reading behind closed doors. Liu Qi's "Return to Qianzhi" of Jin Yuanjian is said: "After the southern crossing, the territory is narrow, stopping Henan and Shaanxi, so shi jin transfer officials, all are not allowed to be left behind." People or keep for more than ten years, the number is repetitive and tired, often return to farming or teaching primary school health. Therefore, there was a cloud at that time: 'The ancients said that no one asked under the ten-year window, and became famous in one fell swoop; today it becomes famous in one fell swoop, and no one under the ten-year window asks.' Later generations used words such as "under the window of ten years", "ten years of cold window", "under the cold window", "ten years of cold window", "ten years of lamp window" to describe long-term poverty and self-preservation, and read hard behind closed doors.
16． Learn rich five cars
Describe allusions with a lot of books or a wealth of knowledge. Quote from "Zhuangzi Miscellaneous Chapters, Tianxia Thirty-third": "Huishi Duoduo (Fang Shu), his book five cars, his Dao Rebuttal (his doctrine is many mistakes and messy), and his words are not in the middle (justified)." Later generations used "five cars", "five cars book", "book five cars", "five cars bamboo jane", "Huishi car", etc. to indicate more books; "learn five cars", "learn rich five cars" and so on to indicate that there is more reading or learning.
17． Thirty times the book
Describe a well-read or learned allusion. Quote from the "Jin Shu Zhang Hua Biography": "(Zhang Hua) Ya ai books, on the day of death, the family has no surplus wealth, but the literature and history overflow in the machine." Taste the migration, carry the book thirty times. The secretary and supervisor Yu Zhi wrote official letters, all of which were the basis of capital to take the right. Influenced by this canon, the richness of later treatises is also based on the number of "thirty", which does not necessarily have to be "ride" or "car". If there are fewer books, use "no multiplication book".
18． Treasures in pillows
Describe a precious book that does not want to show people. The "Liu Xiang" article attached to the "Biography of King Chu Yuan of Han" is published: "Shang (Emperor Xuan of Han) revived the immortal FangShu, and Huainan had the "Hongbao" and "Yuan Secretary" in the pillow, saying that the immortals made ghosts into golden techniques, and Zou Yan's heavy Dao Yan Fang, which the world did not see." Later generations then used "Hongbao", "Secret Treasure", "Secret Pillow Book", "Pillow Letter Book", "Secret Pillow", "Pillow Secret", "Pillow Secretary", etc. to refer to The Book of Taoism or precious books that did not want to be shown.
19． Unwinding is beneficial
An allusion to encouraging people to read. A classic of the Song Dynasty Wang Peizhi's "Discussion of Shuishui Yan Andu Wenru": "Emperor Taizong's daily reading of the "Imperial Records" (referring to the "Taiping Imperial Records", the original name of the book was "Taiping Compilation", because Song Taizong had read through and changed its name) in three volumes. Taste: 'It is beneficial to open the book, but it is not necessary to think that it is laborious.' Tao Yuanming also has the sentence "When you open the book, you will gladly forget to eat" ("With Zi Yu and Other Neglect"). Later generations also wrote it as "exhibition volume beneficial".
20． Reading seeds
The parable of generations of readers spread like seeds and grow endlessly. The elaborate "Qi Dongye Language and Book Genre": "Pei Du often instructed his son Yun: 'If all my generations can make the language endless, but during the period there is a phase of becoming a function and becoming a multiplication, then the heavens are also.'" 'Valley (Huang Tingjian, number valley Daoist) Yun: "The four people are all sitting in the world, and the children of the scholars can know loyalty and filial piety, and Si Keyi." However, the seeds of reading must not be cut off. Those who have talent come out, and they should be famous in the world. Like the ancestor (imitation) Pei language, the special (but) easy language for the book ear. Other forms of this canon are "book type" and "reading type".
21． Lay on the shelf
The parable fills the volume with allusions that are not used. Liu Xiao's annotation quotes the Han Jin Chunqiu (Han Jin Chunqiu) in the "Thirteenth Edition of the New Language of the World": "When Liu Qi (yì) and Yin Hao were famous and crowned in the world, (Yu) Yi Wei Zhi Guiye often said: "This generation should be put on a high cabinet, and then (wait until) the world is clear, and then discuss their ears." This canon does not refer to books, but later people often used this dictionary to mean that the book was thrown aside and no longer read or used. Its forms are "Shugaoge", "Shugaoge", "Shugaoge".
22． Three Graves and Five Classics
An allusion to ancient Chinese cultural texts. Quote from the "Twelve Years of Zuo Chuan Zhaogong": "Zuo Shi Yi Xiang (左史, official name, yi xiang, personal name) tends to pass (walk quickly), Wang Yue 'is Liang Shi Ye, zi good regard (treat him well)." He can read the Three Tombs, the Five Classics, the Eight Sops, and the Nine Hills. Later generations used words such as "three graves and five classics", "canon graves", "tombs", "graves", "mounds" and other words to refer to ancient cultural texts.
23． Excerpts from the chapter
Describe reading books only by taking into account the words in the text without delving into its spiritual essence. Pei Songzhi quotes the Book of Wu from the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu, and Wu Zhuan: "(Zhao Zhi) made Wei, Emperor Wen of Wei Shanzhi, and mocked him: 'King Wu is quite knowledgeable and learned? 'Counselor: 'King Wu floated ten thousand ships on the river, with a million armor, Ren Xian enabled, zhi cun jing, although there was spare time, reading and passing on history, through the collection of strange, not following the example of all beings to find chapters and excerpts. ’”
24． Context
It often refers to arbitrarily extracting a part of a poem for one's own use, regardless of the author's wishes. Canonical "Zuo Chuan Xianggong Twenty-Eight Years": "Endowed with "Poems" broken chapters, Yu took what he asked for. "During the Spring and Autumn period when the various princely states were engaged in diplomatic activities, the envoys often used the "poems" as a means of expressing their wishes. However, the poet and the listener can have their own understanding of the verse of the poem, without having to care about the original meaning of the poem. The forms of this dictionary are often: "taking meaning out of context", "taking friendship out of context (ancient friendship synonymous)", and "breaking chapters and sentences". It is still used today, but it has been converted to a pejorative term.
25． Dream pen flowers
The metaphor is that the literary people are thinking a lot, and the writing is beautiful and handsome. The fifth generation of Wang Renyu's "Kaiyuan Tianbao Testament : Dream Pen Head Flowers": "When Li Taibai was young, the pen used in the dream was born with flowers, and the day after tomorrow was easy, and he was famous all over the world. Therefore, posterity often uses metaphors such as "dream flower", "dream flower", "color pen flower", "pen flower into dream", "flower from pen student" and so on.
26． The text does not add dots
Describe the writing of the article in one go, without any modifications. Quote from Zhang Heng's "Biography of a Scribe" (cited in Tang Xujian et al.'s "Records of Beginners"): "Zhang Chun of Wu County, who rarely has a name for the order, tastes the Zhennan general Zhu Zhao, according to the order to give an object and then sits, pure response to the sound of sitting, the text does not add points." The main forms of this dictionary are: "the text does not add points", "does not add points", "ten thousand words do not add points", "does not add points" and so on.
27． Writings and other bodies
Describe the allusions of reading or writing a lot. The "Biography of Song Shi Jia Huangzhong" is published: "Huang Zhongyou Iscong, Fang is five years old, and Every Dan Ling Zhengli (zhongxiao father's name Ise), the exhibition volume is compared to it, which is called 'the book of the body', and it is taught to recite." Later generations used the term "book of equal body" to describe reading a lot, but later it was said that the books were stacked up and tall, which was different from the reference in the canon. It can also be used to describe the extremely rich writings, often "writings and other bodies" and "equal body works".
28． A thousand words
Describe the meticulously created and extremely valuable allusions of the poetic works. The chronicle of Lü Buwei is published: "Lü Buwei made his guests write and hear about it, and the collection of theories thought that it was eight "Commentaries", six "Treatises", and twelve "Records", more than 200,000 words. Thinking of preparing the ancient and modern affairs of heaven and earth, the title is "Lü's Spring and Autumn", the gate of Buxianyang City, hanging thousands of gold on it, and the guests of the Yan princes and tourists have thousands of gold who can increase or lose a word. The main forms of this dictionary are: "a word of a thousand gold", "a thousand gold characters", "gold hanging Qin City", "hanging gold" and so on.
29． Luoyang paper is expensive
Describe the allusion that the work is popular and everyone is vying to copy. The biography of The Book of Jin and Zuo Si is published: "And endowment, when people are not heavy." ...... Emperor Anding Emperor Has a high reputation, and he thinks (visits) and shows it. Be kind and give it order. Zhang Zai notes "Wei Du" and Liu Kui notes "Wu" and "Shu" and prefaces it. ...... Sikong Zhang Hua saw it and sighed: "Class, Zhang Zhi and the like, so that the readers are exhausted, and they are renewed over time." So the noble family competed to write, and Luoyang was expensive for paper. "Shishu Xinyu Literature" also has: "Yu Zhong's first work "Yang Du Fu" was written, in order to present Yu Liang, Liang with the arms of his relatives, and the price of it, Yun Ke Three "Erjing", Four "Three Capitals" (and "Erjing Fu" Dingzu and three, and "Three Capitals Fu" juxtaposed with four). Everyone competes to write here, and the paper is expensive. ”
30． The famous mountain of Hiding
An allusion that describes the work as valuable and therefore very valuable. It is said that Sima Qian of Han wrote the Book of Ren'an: "Servant Cheng wrote this book, hid the famous mountain, passed it on to others, and passed it on to his people, then the servant paid the responsibility of the previous humiliation, although he was killed, how could he regret it!" The main forms of this canon are "Famous Mountains of Tibet", "Famous Mountains of Tibet", "Famous Mountains of Tibet", "Famous Mountains of Tibet", "Famous Mountains of Tibet", "Famous Mountains of Tibet", "Tibetan Narrative Works" and so on.
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