The founding emperors of successive dynasties were basically the male lords of the Dingguo Anbang, such as Qin Shi Huang, Liu Bang, Sui Wendi, Tang Taizong (he was no different from the founding prince), Song Taizu, Ming Taizu, and Qing Taizu. The Jin Dynasty, which ended the chaos of the Three Kingdoms, its founding emperor Sima Yan was simply weak compared with the founding emperors of other great unified dynasties. Even if it was not the Song Dynasty of the Great Unification Dynasty, the founding prince of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin, was much stronger than Sima Yan.
Not to mention the founding emperor Sima Yan, even the Jin Dynasty, its sense of existence in Chinese history is extremely weak. What happened to this dynasty that ended 70 years of turmoil in the Three Kingdoms? What happened to Sima Yan, emperor of the Jin Dynasty?
Sima Yan (司馬炎), courtesy name An Shi, was the eldest son of Sima Zhao, the King of Jin. Originally, the founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty should be Sima Zhao. Unfortunately, due to various reasons, Sima Zhao did not become emperor, but let Sima Yan pick up the cheap.
After Sima Zhao established Cao Zhao as emperor, Cao Huan also made Sima Zhao the Prince of Jin, adding Jiu Xi, and at the same time crowning Sima Zhao's eldest son Sima Yan as the Crown Prince of Jin. Sima Zhao died of a stroke after making all his preparations to become emperor. Sima Yan succeeded him as King of Jin and immediately forced Cao Yanchan to take him. The Cao Wei regime was declared demise, and the Jin Dynasty was established, known in history as the Western Jin Dynasty.
Sima Yan was a generous man, and it was not an exaggeration to say that he was the most benevolent emperor in history. It can be seen in the treatment of Cao Wan's abdication. Sima Yan made Cao Yan the Prince of Chenliu, the Emperor of Yiwanhu, and the State of Wei as Zhengshuo, and could use the honor guard of the Son of Heaven. There is no need to be a subject in the above table, and there is no need to bow down when called.
To tell the truth, Cao Yi was the best among all the abdicated emperors, and the best treatment and the best fate. Unlike the Southern Dynasty Song Dynasty Song Qi Liang Chen, the new emperor after the usurpation, can not wait a month, will be eager to kill the emperor who has abdicated. Sima Yan did not send someone to assassinate Cao Yan, the king of ChenLiu, but let him live well. After Cao Wan's abdication, he lived for more than thirty years, dying at the age of 58.
Go back to Sima Yan. After Sima Yan became emperor, he mistakenly summed up the lessons of Cao Wei's demise. Sima Yan enfeoffed 28 princes in one go, all of whom were sima Yan's clansmen, and Sima Yan gave these princes great power and allowed the king of the clan to have an army. This laid the foundation for the later Rebellion of the Eight Kings and the Chaos of the Five Kingdoms.
In the early days of Sima Yan's reign, he did have the appearance of a Ming Jun, diligent in government and loving the people, diligent and thrifty, encouraging production, reducing servitude, and persuading peasants to do so. Once the doctor offered him a gorgeous dress. Sima Yan burned it in public, saying that now the country has just settled down and everything is waiting to be rebuilt. As emperor, he should take the lead in frugality, how could he wear such luxurious clothes.
During Sima Yan's reign, he always lived in the old palace room of the Cao Wei period, and he never built a palace for himself. This point is highly evaluated by later generations.
After Sima Yan ascended the throne, after more than ten years of hard work, he created the "Rule of Taikang". Social and economic development is relatively fast, culture is also flourishing, "Taikang literature" has emerged, and literati have emerged. The population of the Western Jin Dynasty also grew rapidly, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. This was the peak of the entire Jin Dynasty.
However, this rule of Taikang is not much bullish, and it is completely incomparable with the rule of Wenjing and the rule of Zhenguan. Similar to the students who have been taking the 10-point test, suddenly the character explosion, the test scored more than 60 points. With such a chaotic world as the Three Kingdoms, Emperor Wu of Jin made a small achievement, and was also boasted of being the rule of Taikang.
In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty conquered Wu and was very successful. Emperor Wu of Jin sent 6 large armies to attack Eastern Wu by land and water, and the Eastern Wu army collapsed and was defeated, and the last emperor Sun Hao was forced to leave the city and surrender. Eastern Wu perished, and the situation of the Three Kingdoms came to an end.
Sima Yan triumphantly asked the chancellor, "Which emperor of the Han Dynasty can I compete with?" His intention was to want everyone to praise him, like Emperor Wudi of Han, Emperor Jing of Han, or Emperor Wu of Han. As a result, Lieutenant Liu Yi said, "Emperor Ling of Han and Emperor Huan of Han." As we all know, Emperor Ling and Emperor Huan were famous emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and when Sima Yan heard Liu Yi say this, he couldn't hang on to his face and asked, "Am I so bad?" Liu Yi said, "When Emperor Ling and Emperor Huan sell officialdom, all the money you get goes to the palace; the money you get from selling officials goes to yourself." You are not even as good as the Ling Emperor and the Huan Emperor."
Emperor Wu of Jin smiled and said, "I have a courtier like you who dares to give direct advice, and I should be stronger than Emperor Ling and Emperor Huan." It's like finding yourself a step down. Emperor Wu of Jin did not settle accounts after the autumn and punish Liu Yi.
Zhuge Liang and Emperor Wu of Jin had known each other since childhood, but Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Liang, was killed by Emperor Wu of Jin's father, Sima Zhao. Zhuge Liang also fled to the state of Wu, and after the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, Zhuge Liang was placed in Luoyang along with the old ministers of Eastern Wu, and Zhuge Liang had an old sister who married a prince of the Sima family, so Zhuge Liang lived in his brother-in-law's house. When Emperor Wu of Jin learned of this, he wanted to reminisce with Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang knew that Emperor Wu of Jin was coming and fled to the toilet, but Emperor Wu of Jin chased after him to meet him and said, "Do you remember our friendship when we were young?" Zhuge Liang wept bitterly: "I didn't do it to paint my body, scrape off the skin on my face, and see your face again, I am really ashamed and hateful." ”
Zhuge Liang's words borrowed the allusion of Yu Rang's revenge, and the subtext was: The enemy who has a vendetta against my father is in front of my eyes, but I have no ability to take revenge, I really hate myself for not being out.
In front of the emperor, he said that he had failed to kill the emperor and avenge his father. This was a very unpleasant speech, but Sima Yan did not embarrass him.
Emperor Wu of Jin wanted to appoint Zhuge Liang as a servant, but Zhuge Liang resolutely refused to accept it, and later returned to his hometown and sat with his back to the direction of the imperial court all his life to show that he was not jin.
Once, Emperor Wu of Jin invited Sun Hao, the last emperor of Eastern Wu, to a banquet, pointed to Sun Hao's seat and said, "I have set up this seat in Luoyang and have been waiting for you for a long time." Sun Hao replied, "The subject has also set up such a seat in the south, waiting for His Majesty."
Sun Hao, as a prisoner of the ranks, said such a disrespectful thing, and the accompanying ministers all pinched a handful of sweat for Sun Hao, but Emperor Wu of Jin did not think so, and laughed.
Another time, when Emperor Wu of Jin was drinking with Sun Hao, and when he was drunk and his ears were hot, Emperor Wu of Jin wanted to shake Sun Hao, so he said to Sun Hao, "I heard that everyone in your wu country will sing "Erru Song", or you can give me a song." Sun Hao thought for a moment and said, "In the past, ru was a neighbor, and now it is a subject to Ru." A glass of wine on Ru, wish Ru a long life in the spring. ”
Emperor Wu of Jin regretted it when he heard it, and Sun Hao used the word "Ru" to call Emperor Wu of Jin, which was a very contemptuous title. Logically, he should call Emperor Wu of Jin "Jun". Emperor Wu of Jin was not interested in asking himself, but he did not bother with Sun Hao.
To say more, this Sun Hao came to the Western Jin Dynasty as the king of the subjugated country and has always been very mean. If Emperor Wu of Jin had bothered with him, Sun Hao would have died eight hundred times.
After the fall of Eastern Wu, the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin and the world was unified. Emperor Wu of Jin was full of pride, and all sides began to slacken off, without the ambition he had when he first ascended the throne. His life also became luxurious, when many officials showed off their wealth and fought for their wealth, and Emperor Wu of Jin not only did not stop and punish them, but instead connived and supported the officials who showed off their wealth and doufu.
Emperor Wu of Jin's uncle Wang Kai was particularly wealthy, with countless gold and silver jewels in his home, and he openly fought with another rich man, Shi Chongfu. In order to help Wang Kaidou win Shi Chong, Emperor Wu of Jin sent a very rare jade coral to Wang Kai. Once, Wang Kai invited Shi Chong and others to a banquet, and at the banquet, the jade coral sent by Emperor Wu of Jin was displayed, and Shi Chong, dismissively, used Yu Ruyi to crush the jade coral on the spot. Wang Kai was taken aback and asked Shi Chong what he was going to do. Shi Chong said it's okay, I have a lot of such jade corals in my family. He ordered someone to take all the jade corals in his family and let Wang Kai pick one at random as compensation. Wang Kai looked at those dazzling jade corals and felt lost.
In the later years of Emperor Wu of Jin, there were many concubines in the harem, nearly 10,000 people. With so many concubines, Emperor Wu of Jin did not know whose sign to turn over, so he drove the sheep cart around the palace garden, and the sheep stopped at whose door, and he was lucky. In order to please Emperor Wu of Jin, a concubine sprinkled salt water on bamboo branches and then inserted it at the door to attract sheep to come and eat.
Such an absurd emperor naturally would not seriously handle government affairs, so the government was deserted. There was a minister named He Zeng, who accompanied Emperor Wu of Jin to feast and drink many times, and he witnessed various strange situations in the imperial court, and even predicted that the Western Jin Dynasty would soon die. When He once chatted with his children and grandchildren, he said that the world of the Western Jin Dynasty was afraid that emperor Wu of Jin would be alone, and soon the world would be in chaos. He pointed to his sons and said, "You should be safe and sound," and then pointed to his grandchildren and said, "I'm afraid you're going to suffer." ”
Unfortunately, Jean Ho was right. After the death of Emperor Wu of Jin, his foolish son Sima Zheng took the throne, that is, the one who "why don't you eat meat paste". Such a stupid person, staying on the throne, naturally aroused the covetousness of many parties. First the empress and the sima family's princes tore each other, and then several princes of the Sima family tore each other. Then the world was in chaos, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished.
At the beginning, when Sima Zheng was made crown prince, many people had different opinions, believing that Sima Zheng was not a qualified successor. The favorite of the Qunchen was Sima Yan's younger brother, Sima You the Prince of Qi, hoping that Sima Yan could pass the throne to Sima You, who was quite famous at that time. However, Sima You had already passed on to Sima Shi, the King of Jinjing. In addition, Sima Yan was very fond of Sima Zheng's son Sima Yan and hoped to pass it on to Sima Yi through Sima Zheng. Out of selfishness, Sima Yan finally chose Sima Zheng as his successor. This decision directly led to a series of subsequent disasters.
The Western Jin Dynasty only existed for 50 years in history, and if the Rebellion of the Eight Kings and the Five Hu Chaos were removed, the real stability of the Western Jin Dynasty would be less than 30 years. Although sima Yan could not blame all the blame, after all, the Western Jin Dynasty was not righteous and inherently insufficient. But Sima Yan should have an important responsibility.
This most benevolent emperor in history, the emperor who ended the three kingdoms of chaos and unified China, the emperor who single-handedly created the rule of Taikang, the emperor who once vowed to be the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, but in his later years, he was almost a faint monarch, completely burying the hard-won unity and stability. It's a shame.