Confucius is called a "saint" by the world, and it is not easy to get his evaluation.
However, there was such a person, Confucius had a lot of evaluation of him, praised him as "benevolent", but many people in later generations did not think so, and even, on the contrary, many people felt that he was a "traitor to the country".
This person was king Huan's brother "Wei Zi Qi".
WeiZi Qi, also known as "Wei Zi", was the elder brother of the last monarch of the Shang Dynasty, the King of Shang. King Huan was the king of the Shang Dynasty, a famous tyrant in history, who could be on a par with the historical Xia Jie, and the two were known as "Huan" by the world. During the reign of King Huan, he was absurd, drunkard, abusive torture, close to villains, spoiled himself, did not distinguish between right and wrong, and considered himself the son of the Mandate of Heaven, and wantonly conquered ethnic minorities, as a result, after the Battle of Makino of King Wu of Zhou, he lost the world and became the king of the subjugated country.
In fact, the Shang Dynasty has long shown signs of national subjugation, but the ministers of the Shang Dynasty have different reactions to this:
The first is a courtier represented by King Huan's uncle Bigan. Bigan was not only the uncle of King Huan, but also the auxiliary chancellor that the previous king had specially identified for king Huan. As the uncle of the Prince of Lu, he entered the King of Qiu with death, but he did not expect that the King of Lu did not pay any attention to this set, and even felt that this uncle had humiliated himself, so he killed him.
In the end, Bigan's heart was dug out, and King Lu even wanted to see if Bigan had seven tricks of linglong heart. After Bigan's death, according to legend, he ascended to the Heavenly Court, and the Jade Emperor named him Wenqu Xing. Of course, this is just a legend, and it is a good wish of the common people. In the folk, Bigan is praised as "the first person in the world".
The second is the courtier who pretends to be crazy and stupid in order to save his life. This type of person is represented by Mizi, who, like Bigan, is also the uncle of King Huan, the official to the Taishi. In fact, Miko also tried to advise the King of Qiu, but the King of Mi did not listen, and Miko had no choice but to stop insisting. Therefore, when Miko saw that the King of Sui did not repent, he pretended to be crazy and foolish to save his life, and no longer tried to persuade the King of Qiu.
And the king really thought that his uncle was crazy, so he locked him up and reduced him to a slave. It was not until after the fall of the Shang Dynasty that he was rescued, and King Wu of Zhou asked Jizi the reason for Yin Shang's demise, but Mizi did not speak because he was unwilling to speak ill of his homeland. Fearing that King Wu would come again to invite him, Miko took King Wu away,
It is said that Tsutomu took the remnants of the Shang Dynasty with him and traveled to the Korean Peninsula and established a regime of his own, Miko Korea.
The third is a courtier represented by King Huan's elder brother Wei Ziqi. In fact, Wei Zi Qi could have almost become the monarch of the Shang Dynasty, because he was the eldest son. However, the world is unpredictable, wei Ziqi's mother was still a concubine when she gave birth to him, and when she gave birth to the king of Shang, she was already a queen. Therefore, although Wei Ziqi was the eldest son, he could not become the next monarch of the Shang Dynasty.
In other words, it was the primogeniture system that hindered Wei Zi Qi, and as long as there was a concubine, there was no possibility of establishing a concubine as king, so Wei Zi Qi lost the opportunity to become the king of Shang.
Imagine if Li Weizi Qi had been king, with the talent of Wei Zi Qi, the Shang Dynasty might have been revived again. However, history does not assume that as the king of shang, the king of Lu was cruel and cruel, which caused the people to complain. Seeing that his brother was so tyrannical, Wei Zi Qi, who was the elder brother, also tried to persuade the King of Qi, but the King of Qiu did not even listen to his uncle's words, how could he listen to wei Zi Qi's words?
Faced with this situation, Wei Ziqi was very confused, so he went to ask his two uncles: Bigan and Xiaozi. Bi Gan and Xiao Zi told him, "If the Shang Dynasty dies because of the King of Sui, we can't change anything, so you better flee as soon as possible." However, how to decide it depends on yourself. ”
Listening to the advice of the two uncles, Wei Zi Qi secretly had a plan in his heart. No one knows what Wei Ziqi did later, and there is no record of whether he was suspected of "destroying the merchants through the week". However, some evidence points to the suspicion that he has a general Zhou, and the person who really became the messenger of the Zhou Dynasty was a doctor named Jiaohai.
However, the performance of Wei Zi qi after zhou extinguished the shang was really difficult to satisfy.
Historical records: After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang, Wei Zi visited the military gate of King Wu with a sacrificial vessel, "tied with flesh and face, led the sheep on the left, led mao on the right, and walked forward on his knees" to explain to King Wu that he was far away from Di Xin. It is reasonable to say that a former prince must at least coexist and die with his own country, and no matter how he cannot be like Wei Ziqi, he is crawling on the ground with his naked upper body and pleading with King Wu of Zhou, which is too spineless.
In other words, Wei Ziqi's approach is completely a capitulationist style. Therefore, later generations did not have a good impression of Wei Zi Qi, saying that Wei Zi Qi was a traitor and a person who collaborated with the enemy and committed treason. In fact, Wei Zi qi is like Song Jiang in the Water Margin, a complete "surrender faction". It may sound better to say that it is called abandoning the dark and throwing light, and is unwilling to help abuse.
Moreover, the historical records also record that king Wu of Zhou was very touched by what Wei Ziqi did, "to release his bindings", "to restore his position as before", and still to be a "secretary". Therefore, in the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, Wei Zi Qi was sealed by King Zhou Cheng in the birthplace of the Shang Dynasty, the old capital of Shangqiu, after which the Song State was established, becoming the ancestor of the Song State of the Zhou Dynasty, and later generations also called it "Song Weizi".
However, the evaluation of Wei Zi Qi should be from a different perspective, if you stand in the perspective of the Shang Dynasty, Wei Zi Qi is a traitor, a traitor, although there is a reason for surrender, but surrender to do internal traitors should not be. If you stand in the perspective of the Zhou Dynasty, Wei Ziqi is a hero, he has made great contributions to the destruction of Shang by King Wu of Zhou, and it is also appropriate to be rewarded by King Wu of Zhou as a marquis for generations.
In addition, Wei Zi Qi is diligent in government and loves the people, sympathizes with the people, and works with the people, so although Wei Zi Qi collaborates with the enemy and betrays the country, he is a "traitor" style, but he is not disliked by people, but is respected by people. Therefore, Confucius said: Bigan died to enter the king of The Dragon, as "holy", Zi zi because of compassion for the people, for the "sage", Wei Zi Qi abandoned the dark and cast the light, unwilling to help the abuse, then "benevolence", the three of them can also be regarded as the same way, one to the same virtue.
In fact, in all the dynasties and dynasties, there have been people like Wei Ziqi, who may be spurned by the world and may not be recognized by the world, but they are people who really benefit the people.
Since the demise of dynasties has become a fact, what is the role of barely supporting?
"Chinese History Is Enough to Read This Book" General History of China History Common Sense A Popular Science Book for Middle and High Schools ¥39.9 Purchase
Resources:
["History of Yin Benji", "Song Weizi Family", "Lü Shi Chunqiu"】