In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established the capital Tianjing (Nanjing), during which Hong Xiuquan promulgated a series of provisions, especially the promulgation of the "Tianchao Tianmu System" was the most significant. This programmatic document was put forward by Hong Xiuquan and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom based on the general principle of equality, but this system eventually stayed on paper and was not really implemented.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > outline of the tianchaotian mu system</h1>
China's feudal society for more than two thousand years has always been based on agriculture, and at the same time it has derived the main relationship between the exploitation and exploitation of landlords and small farmers, as well as the social contradiction of land annexation. After Qianlong, the problem of land annexation was particularly serious, and the high concentration of land made the vast majority of peasants become tenants directly exploited by landlords, and the rent they bore became heavier and heavier.
The root cause of the outbreak of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement was that the peasants had no land, and to put it bluntly, they could not eat enough. Hong Xiuquan followed the trend of history, or saw the timing, and thus launched the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom Peasant Uprising Movement. Obviously, Hong Xiuquan was in opposition to the Qing court under the banner of dividing up land for the peasants, so when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom regime was established, it was necessary to fulfill this promise, and the "Heavenly Dynasty Tianmu System" was produced in this historical background.
We have learned in the history textbooks of middle schools: "Where the world is in the fields, the abundance and desolation are connected, and the desolation here is moved to the other place, to alleviate this desolation, and the desolation in the other place is moved to this abundance, to relieve the other desolation." Let the whole world share the great blessings of the Father and the Emperor, god, and cultivate the land, eat with the food, wear the clothes, have the money and the messenger, everywhere is uneven, and no one is not full and warm. ”
Undoubtedly, the "Tianchao Tianmu System" paints a blueprint for a new type of society for the broad masses of peasants and inspires millions of peasants to struggle for the overthrow of the feudal land system. Therefore, wherever the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom army went, the property of the landlords and bureaucrats would be confiscated, the deeds and bonds of the land would be burned, and the land would be redistributed to the peasants.
It should be noted that the "Tianchao Tianmu System" also stipulates that women can also share land and means of subsistence and production, which is a pioneering event in china's previous peasant uprisings. We know that in the feudal era, it was a patriarchal society, and women did not have any property rights. In addition, measures such as the provision of women's participation in military and political affairs, the opening of examinations, the establishment of female officials, the prohibition of foot binding and the sale and purchase of marriages have significantly improved the status of women.
If this is the case, then the promulgation of the "Tianchao Tianmu System" will be a major landmark event in Chinese history. But why hasn't such an equal and advanced system been implemented?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > which is actually a pie</h1>
We cannot speculate on what hong Xiuquan's original intention was to propose the "Tianchao Tianmu System"? But facts have proved that all this is Hong Xiuquan's painting of a very tempting pie for the broad masses of peasants.
It is undeniable that the proposal of the "Heavenly Dynasty And Acre System" is regarded as a great ideal of the peasant revolution, and for those vast numbers of exploited and oppressed peasants who lack land and are hungry and cold, it is tantamount to showing them a seductive and beautiful paradise, which will inspire them to overthrow the existing society that has only brought them poverty and suffering. However, the peasant masses were not easy to fool, and after a long time they discovered this trap that Hong Xiuquan had painstakingly dug.
The "Heavenly Dynasty Tianmu System" continues to write: "Under the heavens, under the tree wall, there is mulberry." Where women silkworm sew clothes. Every family in the world, five hens, two mothers, no time is lost. When the harvest was harvested, the two Sima Governors, except for the twenty-five families who had enough food to receive the new valley, returned to the state treasury. The same is true of wheat, beans, sesame seeds, cloth, chickens, dogs, and silver coins. The whole world is the Heavenly Father, the Lord, the Emperor, and the Emperor, and everyone in the world is not selfish, and everything belongs to the Lord, then the Lord uses it, and everyone in the world is even and even, and everyone is full and warm. ”
That is to say, every family must be tied to the land, in addition to farming, but also plant mulberry, raise silkworms, sew clothes, and raise five hens and two sows. All that is produced by each house, except for the supply of daily needs, the rest must be handed over to the treasury and must not be hidden privately to supply the king.
Many historical sources say that in the areas ruled by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the peasants' enthusiasm for production was very high, and wherever the Taiping Army went, the landlords were either killed or fled, and the peasants who had no land and little land also had land and naturally actively produced.
However, the reality is that the "Heavenly Dynasty Tianmu System" has never been implemented, because it simply does not work. Leaving aside its cumbersome method of dividing the land equally, that is, stipulating that each family has "five hens and two mothers", it is not enough to arouse the production enthusiasm of the broad masses of peasants, let alone bring about strong social productive forces. At every turn, "the rest will return to the national treasury", under such circumstances, who will be willing to do more?
The Tianping Heavenly Kingdom is flaunted as "everywhere is even, everyone is full and warm", and Hong Xiuquan is actually the biggest landlord, and he collects the wealth of the world from the national treasury, which can indeed play a role in the uneven differentiation of the rich and the poor. But this kind of "everywhere is flat, everyone is full" is just a fantasy.
Let's take the example of eating meat, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom stipulates: The Heavenly King gives ten catties of meat every day, which is reduced in turn, until the total system (prefect) is half a catty per day, and the total system is not given meat below. As for other meats such as fish, only high-ranking officials and even kings could eat them.
Each family can have five chickens and two pigs, and in the end all these things must be handed in, and they can't even eat one or two meats. Therefore, where egalitarianism prevails, it is always accompanied by a strict hierarchy, but also with universal poverty and deprivation. If so, it is better to let the Great Qing continue to rule!