Shi Di, Bai. He was born in 1900 in a poor family of Bai primary school teachers in Rubihu Town, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province. In 1905, Shi Di's father left The Ancient Locust Village of Beimen in Maobihu Town to teach Qiao Houjing Primary School, and 5-year-old Shi Di followed his father to walk more than 50 kilometers of mountain roads to Qiao Houjing. Since then, he has never returned to Eryuan.
In 1927, Shi established the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of the United States and was elected as the first secretary
In the summer of 1913, Shi Di graduated from Qiao Houjing Primary School and followed his father to Kunming to study at the Yunnan Provincial Military Medical School. According to Shi Qisheng's daughter Shi Qisheng, in 1916, Shi Qisheng graduated from the Military Medical School with the academic performance of ranking first. According to the regulations of the school, the first person should be sent to the Tianjin Higher Military Medical School for further study, but the school guaranteed a rich and powerful student from a family. This incident made Shi Di "recognize the unfairness in this deformed society very early on, and planted the seeds of revolution in his heart." Since then, he has gradually germinated the idea of transforming this uneven society.
In the autumn of 1917, Shi Di was admitted to Tsinghua School, the predecessor of Tsinghua University, as a transfer student. At that time, Tsinghua's enrollment quota in each province was allocated according to the proportion of each province in Gengzi's indemnity, and Yunnan could only admit one. Shi Di won the first place in the examination, and it is reasonable to send him alone to Beijing for an interview. However, the power to guarantee students was in the hands of some local officials and gentry, and they used the excuse that Shi Di's eyes were deep and myopic, so they forced a quota to go to Beijing for the interview, in an attempt to replace Shi Di during the interview. Shi Di once again experienced first-hand the darkness and injustice of society.
After Shi Di entered Tsinghua Garden, he could not afford to study because of his family's poverty, and could only rely on half-work and half-reading to solve the problem. He is diligent, well-read, hard-working, good at thinking, and his academic performance is often among the best. He is also very concerned about national affairs, worried about the future and destiny of the country and the nation, and often wrote in tsinghua weekly that "this kind of aristocratic life can develop the habit of luxury and laziness, and can soften the will", calling on his classmates to "promote the spirit of hard work". The new cultural movement at the beginning of the 20th century awakened a generation of young intellectuals from anxiety and confusion, and the stagnant silence of Tsinghua Garden was also stirred up layer by layer. Shi Di and a group of young students with patriotic ideas and demands progress were eagerly reading all kinds of progressive books and periodicals, greedily sucking up all kinds of new ideas, and thinking about all kinds of problems. According to the 286th issue of Tsinghua Weekly, with the rise of the New Culture Movement, many societies and societies have sprung up in Tsinghua Park. In 1918, Shi Di, Ji Chaoding, Xu Yongxuan and others established the first progressive society in Tsinghua Park, the "Summer Vacation Study Group", with the purpose of "studying scholarship and improving society in the spirit of mutual assistance and struggle, so as to seek the true happiness of mankind".
According to the 10th anniversary of the founding of Tsinghua Weekly in April 1921, after the "May Fourth" anti-imperialist patriotic movement, many publications and societies emerged in Tsinghua Garden. The "Summer Vacation Cultivation Group" established by Shi Di and others in 1918 was divided after the summer vacation of 1919, and some people withdrew. In 1920, Shi Di, Ji Zhaoding and others renamed the "Summer Vacation Cultivation Group" to the "Weizhen Society", and Shi Di was elected as the president of the association. In 1923, due to the development of the situation, within the "Weizhen Society", a group of like-minded and radical students combined to form a secret core organization "Chao Tao" (meaning more than "Taoyuan Jieyi").
In the "National Situation Report" column of the "Tsinghua Weekly" edited by Shi Di, he wrote many short articles of a very political nature, reporting on important political and diplomatic issues in the current situation, exposing the darkness of society and the corruption of the Beiyang government, and winning the love and admiration of his classmates. In 1923, Shi Was elected president of the Tsinghua Student Union and was known as "an advocate of tsinghua student progress" and "a burning bearer in Tsinghua Garden".
In the "Records of Xu Yongxuan's Visit" and "Southbound Visit to Sun Yat-sen and Meeting with Li Dazhao" (April 1959), there is a recollection of Xu Yongxuan: In January 1924, on the eve of graduation, Shi Di, Xu Yongxuan, and He Yongji visited Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou on behalf of the "Weizhen Society" to explore ways to transform society. On February 4, Shi Di and others met with Li Dazhao. At the first meeting, Li Dazhao regarded several young people he did not know as confidants, expressed his trust in them, and Shi Di was deeply moved, and the conversation continued until one o'clock in the night. On February 9, Sun Yat-sen warmly received three people, shi di, who had been talking for more than two hours, and Mr. Sun said to them: "Politically speaking, we should seek happiness for the majority of people, for those who are really unhappy, in short, for the people at the lowest level." This layer is only being done by Russia now, and we should take the law the most. ”
The earnest teachings of the two revolutionary leaders in person have strengthened Shi Di's outlook on life of seeking happiness for the majority of the people, enabled him to have a deeper understanding of the current social situation in China and the complexity and arduousness of engaging in revolutionary struggles, and had a far-reaching impact on his firm embarkation on the revolutionary road.
In July 1924, Shi Di went to the United States to study at Stanford University. During his time in the United States, he often participated in various anti-imperialist activities organized by the Communist Party of the United States and read a lot of Marxist-Leninist works. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of the United States, Shi Di and others established the "Great Alliance of Overseas Chinese in the Americas and the Revolutionary Revolution of Chinese Workers and Peasants" to organize the "National Daily" (later the "Overseas Chinese Daily") to unite patriotic overseas Chinese compatriots and support the anti-imperialist patriotic movement in China. In March 1927, Shi joined the Communist Party of america with his wife Luo Jingyi.
In 1927, after the news of the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup reached the United States, the rightists in the US National Party branch took the opportunity to agitate and carry out separatist and sabotage activities among overseas Chinese and Chinese students in the United States. Some of the unsteady elements wavered, and some left the revolutionary ranks. With a firm proletarian stand and great indignation, Shi Di wrote a declaration to curry favor with Chiang Kai-shek, asking for it to be published in the name of the San Francisco Nationalist Party Branch, but it was obstructed by the right wing of the Kuomintang and was not adopted.
The revolutionary activities of Shi Di and others in the United States aroused hatred and fear from the Kuomintang Nanjing government, and they wanted Shi Di and others. Shi Di's hometown in Eryuan was raided, and the Kuomintang right wing in the United States even claimed to assassinate Shi Di. However, as a member of the Communist Party, Shi Di had no fear in the face of the enemy's intimidation, which made him carry out the revolution without hesitation.
In order to concentrate on leading the Communist Party members among overseas Chinese and students in the United States, in March 1927, Shi Di secretly established the Central China Bureau of the Communist Party in the United States. It was the first communist organization to be established in the Americas to Chinese, under the direct leadership of the CpMI Central Committee. At the first congress of the China Bureau, Shi Di was elected secretary of the China Bureau and was recognized as "an outstanding leader of the Chinese Communist Party in the United States."
After the establishment of the China Bureau, with the consent of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the United States, Shi Di wrote 10 declarations condemning Chiang Kai-shek, which were published in shi's personal name from August to October 1927. The manifesto exposed Chiang Kai-shek's various counter-revolutionary crimes, refuted the counter-revolutionary remarks spread by the right wing of the Kuomintang, and defended Sun Yat-sen's New Three People's Principles and three major policies. At the same time, the China Bureau propagated communism and the Chinese revolution among overseas Chinese workers and Chinese students in the eastern and western United States, and actively and cautiously carried out the work of party building. San Francisco, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston, Visconson, and other major cities with concentrated concentrations of Chinese students and overseas Chinese have secretly established sub-bureaus under the leadership of the China Bureau.
With the main task of promoting and supporting the Chinese revolution, the China Bureau and its subordinate sub-bureaus organized Party members to actively participate in the various activities organized by the Communist Party of the United States in support of the Chinese revolution on the one hand; on the other hand, they wrote articles on the situation of the Chinese revolution and sent them to the Workers' Daily, the organ of the Communist Party of the United States, and the theoretical monthly magazine "The Communists", thus increasing the understanding of the American people about the Chinese revolution.
In order to further carry out their work among overseas Chinese and overseas Students, Shi Di and others decided that the China Bureau would organize an "anti-imperialist Grand Alliance" in San Francisco with the aim of opposing imperialism and supporting and supporting the Chinese revolution. Many progressives have joined in, and their influence has been expanding. Branches have also been set up in many large cities in the United States and in cities with a concentration of overseas Chinese in Cuba, Canada and other countries. The League is headquartered in San Francisco. In 1928, the CPA moved from Chicago to New York. In the autumn of the same year, Shi Di and the headquarters of the China Bureau and the "Anti-Imperialist Grand Alliance" also moved from San Francisco to New York at the same time. After Shi Di arrived in New York, he renamed the "Pioneer Daily" to "American Overseas Chinese Daily", which is still a very influential progressive newspaper among overseas Chinese in the United States.
At that time, the China Bureau had no funds for activities, and Shi Di used most of his and Luo Jingyi's income for revolutionary activities in order to carry out his work. They rented a small house, ate very simply, and often cut off their cooking because they spent their living expenses on work. Later, Shi Di's wife, Luo Jingyi, recalled those days: "At that time, we were really poor, but we were very happy, because we achieved greater happiness at work than 'full food'. ”
According to the "Tsinghua Alumni Newsletter" (Shushu: "Reading Papers, Remembering Comrades-in-Arms"), Shi Di participated in revolutionary activities and completed his study tasks brilliantly. From 1926 onwards, he spent two years translating his graduation thesis , The Commentary on Sun Yat-sen , into English , citing more than 100 foreign language materials , with a full text of more than 300 pages. The thesis describes the failures, setbacks and successes experienced by Sun Yat-sen in his life, and also focuses on expounding and analyzing the three major policies implemented by Sun Yat-sen in uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers, and evaluating Sun Yat-sen as a great revolutionary. While fully affirming Sun Yat-sen's exploits, the paper also pointed out sun yat-sen's weakness of relying too much on warlords for revolution.
In December 1928, when Shi Di obtained a master's degree from Stanford University and was about to leave the United States to study in the Soviet Union, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the United States decided to let him first go to Cuba and Canada to carry out party building work. In Cuba, he developed and expanded the organization of the Cuban Communist Party and absorbed advanced elements from overseas Chinese into the party. In Canada, with the help of the CPR, he also quickly established a number of party branches among overseas Chinese. In early 1929, Shi Returned to the United States from Cuba and presided over the Second Congress of the Chinese Bureau in New York and the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of the United States.
Yang Zundao and Zhao Fuqian recorded In their article "Record of The Visit to Comrade Luo Jingyi" (at the Wanshou Palace in Beijing on August 1, 1984), They recorded That Shi Jingyi's revolutionary activities in the Western Hemisphere aroused hatred from the Kuomintang. The General Branch of the Kuomintang in San Francisco accused Shi Di and others of organizing the "Great Alliance of the American Workers' and Peasants' Revolution" in the United States and opposing the Kuomintang Central Committee and the Nationalist Government. On August 24, 1929, the Peiping Special Municipal Government officially ordered the arrest of Shi Di, Xu Yongying and others. The Ministry of Education abolished their publicly-funded treatment, and the Kuomintang Central Committee ordered the Ministry of Education, the Propaganda Department, and the envoys in the United States to "discuss the banning of the American Communists and to stop them from publishing the Herald", and to "deport Shi Di and others back to China and impose severe punishments."
In the autumn of 1929, Shi arrived in Moscow from the United States. The Chinese delegation to the Comintern sent him to work at an international workers' school affiliated with the Young Communist International. He "had the opportunity to study More deeply Marxist-Leninist theory and secret working methods." He worked as an interpreter for the Pacific Staff Secretariat in the Soviet Union and learned about the experience of trade union organization and struggle." In the Soviet Union, Shi Di criticized Trotsky's theory of abolishing the Chinese revolution and his slander of the Chinese Red Army in the form of speeches and writings.
After returning to China in the autumn of 1930, Shi Di worked in the Special Branch Office and the Translation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai. In April 1931, Shi Was assigned by the Party to Hong Kong as the secretary of the Hong Kong Seamen's Union and participated in leading the provincial and Hong Kong strikes. Betrayed by traitors, he and Cai Hesen were arrested in Hong Kong and extradited to Guangzhou by the British authorities in Hong Kong. On August 4, Cai and Sen bravely fought in the Guangzhou Military and Political Prison. After being rescued from prison by the party organization, Shi Di went to Shanghai to work in the trade union.
From January 1932, Shi Di successively served as a member of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China in Hebei Province, the director of propaganda, and the secretary. In the winter of 1933, at a meeting of the Peking Art College, he was arrested again for betrayal by traitors. Secretly escorted to Nanjing for trial by the Kuomintang reactionaries, Shi Di counted the crimes of the Kuomintang warlords and was killed on the spot at the age of 34.
According to the "Biography of Comrade Shi Di" archived by the Central Archives No. 1802, when the bad news of Shi Di's sacrifice reached the United States, the local overseas Chinese were deeply saddened and deeply mourned. In order to commemorate his contribution to the cause of the American Revolution, the Communist Party of the United States designated January 1 every year as the "Shi Di Memorial Day", which became a good story in the history of the international communist movement. Lei Jieqiong, an old classmate and old comrade-in-arms of the martyr Shi Di, recalled: "I only spent half a year with Comrade Shi Di at Stanford University in the United States, and the time I spent together was very short, but he made a deep impression on me and I respected him very much. "He has a high level of theory, a wide range of knowledge, and a good eloquence." He often organized our students and overseas Chinese to discuss the domestic situation, the Northern Expedition, the workers' movement, and international issues. ”
In order to commemorate this Tsinghua colleague who bravely sacrificed his life for the communist ideal, Zhou Peiyuan, Ji Chaoding, Luo Jingyi, etc., built a monument on the front wall of the entrance hall of the Tsinghua University Library, which was inlaid with the head of the martyr Shi Di, engraved with his resume, and engraved with a hymn:
He is the most glorious son of Tsinghua,
He was the earliest Communist Party member at Tsinghua.
He gave his life to the cause of liberation,
Shi Di's revolutionary spirit is immortal.
Source: Young Warrior
Editor-in-charge: Mo Kaijing
Editor: Wu Chenping
Final Judge: Qian Hongbing