On June 10, 1951, after several battles, the first phase of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea came to an end.
The Campaign to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea immediately began the second phase of the war, which lasted for more than two years, and the strategic principle of this stage was position warfare and active defensive operations led by "protracted combat and active defense."
The strategic purpose is to "promote talks with war, talk while fighting, and fight while talking"!
The complicated situation made Peng Dehuai, who presided over the battlefield of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, feel deeply stressed!
Day and night, he remembered a man.
This person is Chen Geng, who is known for his strategic and tactical talents, and Peng Dehuai, who has been thinking about it for a long time, began to pull people.
(General Chen Geng and his wife)
Just when Mr. Peng was looking for the Sila people, the US military began to be restless!
On July 26, 1951, the U.S. military launched a local offensive in the summer and autumn, in a vain attempt to use military offensives to force the Chinese and North Korean coalition forces to back down on the issue of military demarcation lines in order to gain an advantage in peace talks.
After the battle was launched, the US military relied on the superiority of equipment and continued to launch attacks.
Such a battlefield situation makes Mr. Peng uncertain between the active attack and the position defense, and he urgently needs a person to discuss.
To this end, Mr. Peng constantly urged Premier Zhou, the purpose of which was to hope that Chen Geng would come quickly.
In fact, Chen Geng also intended to come to North Korea to help Peng Dehuai, but he had a lot of cattle and people, and his road to North Korea was full of twists and turns.
At that time, Chen Geng first supported the fight against France in Vietnam and could not open his body.
In March 1951, when he led the Third Corps into The DPRK, he had to return to Beijing for treatment because of a recurrence of a leg injury.
After the treatment, in order to recover as soon as possible, I went to Dalian to recuperate!
After several months of twists and turns, he entered the war in June 1951 as the second deputy commander of the Volunteer Army.
After several months of hesitation, on September 2, 1951, Peng Dehuai finally met Chen Geng at the Volunteer Army Headquarters!
After countless twists and turns, Peng Dehuai finally saw Chen Geng and, of course, he was overjoyed and kept praising him: saying that he had finished fighting the Japanese army against the French army, finishing the French army fighting the American army, and fighting all over Europe and Asia.
Such a fierce general to help the team, but also let the tangled Peng Dehuai, finally found someone who can be a staff officer.
(Stills of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea)
The reason why Mr. Peng was so eager was because the volunteer army headquarters at that time was making it difficult to make a decision on how to implement it.
At that time, Deng Hua, the first deputy commander of the Volunteer Army, conveyed to the Headquarters of the Volunteer Army the tactical idea of "zero knocking on the candy" proposed by Chairman Mao, which seemed uncomplicated, but how to land it was a problem.
At the same time, Chairman Mao was also preparing to launch a larger sixth campaign and began to dispatch troops.
In October 1951, not long after Chen Geng arrived, the 20 corps led by Yang Chengwu entered Korea and added a new force, which was obviously to strengthen the rhythm of the offensive.
At that time, the volunteer army gathered nearly a hundred divisions of troops on the front line!
If not for the purpose of launching a large-scale campaign? For what?
At the moment of strategic decision-making, Chen Geng finally lived up to Peng Dehuai's expectations of repeatedly asking Premier Zhou for generals, and at the crucial moment of the campaign, he came up with the best strategy against the enemy.
This strategy is: tunnel close-in operation.
Only to see Chen Geng talking loudly at the operational meeting:
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Battle of Destruction, the Battle of Guanjia'an, and the Geotechnical Operations made the Japanese suffer a lot; when the War of Liberation was fought, the Shangdang Campaign, the Huaihai Campaign, and Nakano and Huaye also completely annihilated the Huang Wei Army and Du Yuming's Army with close-up operations.
All this proves the superiority of close-range operations on the battlefield, and with such a traditional killer skill, how can it be abandoned?
(Chairman Mao stills)
Mr. Peng listened to Chen Geng's words, nodded his head as he listened, and said:
The reason why the chairman launched the sixth campaign was to "promote peace with war", but the volunteer army was trapped in various restrictions, how to break through the enemy's modern defenses? How to ensure the performance during the prayer offensive time? How to establish a three-dimensional defense system for sports?
Peng Dehuai's three questions, the sword pointed in three directions.
After listening to Peng Dehuai's question, Chen Geng took the example of the border campaign in support of Vietnam and explained the power of the soil work industry!
Digging tunnels to cooperate with close-in operations, the Vietnamese army used this tactic, in the face of the French army with advanced equipment, the battle was fruitful, in one battle to annihilate more than 8,000 enemy troops, the entire French defense system was destroyed.
This battle is definitely instructive.
Since the Vietnamese army can be used, the battle record is also very good, and the volunteer army that is stronger than the Vietnamese army can of course be used, and the battle record will certainly be better.
Therefore, after the unified opinion, the volunteer army chose to build a defensive system on the front line, with the strategic policy of mainly active defense and waiting for opportunities to counterattack.
In the specific implementation process, Chen Geng also suggested that Peng Dehuai say:
The Chairman said that each one had fought each other, he had thrown the atomic bomb, and we had thrown the grenade. Our advantage is sports defense, then give full play to the special skills of our army's civil engineering operations, and make a pit digging competition in the three thousand miles of the country, so that the tunnel can protect itself at the same time and hit others!
Peng Dehuai was very happy after listening to Chen Geng's suggestion, so the volunteer army gave up launching the sixth campaign and concentrated on fighting a sports defense war.
(Tunnel War in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea)
Chen Geng said the strategic policy, and Peng Dehuai, who had been prepared earlier, also immediately found a strategic executor.
The general who was appointed by Peng Dehuai this time was Wang Yaonan, the famous "sapper originator" of our army.
In 1934, in order to cover the main force of the Red Army, Wang Yaonan led 20,000 Red Army to use tunnel warfare to hold out for seven days and seven nights in the Songmaoling area of the Soviet Region, allowing the pursuing 200,000 people of the Nationalist Central Army to advance 40 kilometers in a month.
The past achievements show Wang Yaonan's strength.
Wang Yaonan's coming to Korea was also full of twists and turns.
As early as April 8, 1951, Premier Zhou specifically summoned Wang Yaonan, and in his speech, he talked about the situation in North Korea in the past six months, and also expounded the characteristics of the narrow area subject to the peninsula and the inconvenient situation of the movement of high mountains and mountains.
The analysis results are that in the case of the us-ROK coalition army having the superiority of equipment, mobile warfare is no longer a good choice.
After saying all this, Zhou Enlai bluntly said that Wang Yaonan was sent to Ma Liangshan, the gateway to Kaesong on the Korean Peninsula, to see if he could learn from the previous experience of the Soviet Union and carry out "tunnel warfare" in the mountainous areas.
After being appointed by Premier Zhou, Wang Yaonan, under Premier Zhou's arrangement, used a large number of Chinese agricultural products such as cucumbers, tomatoes, chestnuts, and walnuts to exchange the air compressors and a large number of pickaxes urgently needed for tunnel warfare from the Soviet Union.
On September 7, 1951, a few months after preparations, Wang Yaonan entered the DPRK with the 23rd Corps and began his days of showing his skills in Korea.
(Volunteer soldiers stationed in the tunnel)
On September 18, only 11 days after Wang Yaonan entered the DPRK with the 23rd Corps, the US-ROK coalition launched a "strangulation war" offensive, constantly bombing our railway line.
In the face of the enemy's "strangulation war" offensive, our volunteer army began to launch an anti-"strangulation" operation.
At the behest of Chen Geng and with the cooperation of Wang Yaonan, the volunteer army built tunnels for trains to pass through in a short period of time, avoiding the possibility of being attacked by enemy aircraft. The "strangulation war", which lasted for several months, was completely defeated after the volunteers secured logistics through the tunnels to defend the battlefield fortifications.
After this round of tactical attempts, the volunteers finally found the best tactics for confrontation.
In October 1951, Chen Geng, who was not in good health, returned to China again to recuperate, and after five months of recuperation, Chen Geng returned to the Korean front in March 1952 to replace Peng Dehuai, who needed to return to China for surgery.
After returning to Korea, Chen Geng did not sit idle, but further upgraded and improved the front-line defense system.
Under his command, the 3rd Corps and the 20th Corps stationed in Korea built a 220-kilometer-long "honeycomb" defense system along the areas of Pyeongkang, Jinhua, and Huaiyang.
The establishment of this defense system has made the United Nations military sigh with excitement.
(Statue of Chen Geng in the Kazakh military industry)
After the construction of the defense system, Chen Geng was recalled to China by Chairman Mao and immediately entrusted with the important task of founding the Harbin Military Engineering College.
The Kazakh military industry, also under the full planning of Chen Geng, took less than two years to make full preparations, and the first opening ceremony was held on September 1, 1953.
Today's Harbin Military Engineering Institute is already the cradle of China's military industry talents, more important to China than Tsinghua Peking University.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chen Geng, who was humorous and open-minded, said more than once that he would not live to be 60 years old.
This statement was fulfilled on March 16, 1961, the day Chen Geng died of a myocardial infarction at the age of 58.
His death has deprived China of a strategic genius, and it has also made Li Kenong, a friend who once had a bad relationship with him, extremely sad and indignant.
Hearing of Chen Geng's sacrifice, Li Kenong, the king of the secret agents, said sadly:
Chen Geng was not there, and the drinking was tasteless!
In February 1962, the legendary "King of Secret Agents" went with his friend Hexi.