Li Qingzhao, a female lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty, is undoubtedly a well-known sister and one of the heavy figures in history. Her achievements in the creation of Song Ci are in the annals of history. Li Qingzhao was the head of the four great talents of ancient China (Li Qingzhao, Zhuo Wenjun, Cai Wenji, Ban Zhao, or Shangguan Wan'er). If nothing else, let's just say her words, "Born to be a master, and dead to be a ghost." So far, thinking of Xiang Yu, refusing to cross Jiangdong", the pride shown by the sword is long in the sky, not to mention that women can't reach the dust, that is, there are several men in the world who dare to compete with her.
Li Qingzhao (1084 – c. 1151), known as Yi'an Jushi. At the age of eighteen, she married Zhao Mingcheng, a jinshi examiner. After marriage, Li Qingzhao and her husband were known as glue-like lacquer beads, and can be said to be a model couple who were like-minded in China's feudal era and sang with their husbands and wives. All the praise for a happy marriage can be applied to this happy couple. Objectively speaking, Zhao Mingcheng's family is well-off, which is quite superior to the living conditions of the beautiful people.
The weather is unpredictable. Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains, and Li Qingzhao and his wife fled to the south. In the third year of Jianyan (1129), Zhao Mingcheng died of illness in Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) at the age of 49. After Zhao Mingcheng died, was he alone in guarding the green lantern? Or is it a double? This is a problem for Li Qingzhao. After a period of loneliness, Li Qingzhao, who felt lonely, chose to remarry.
Li Qingzhao's remarriage suffered from deception, and the second half of her life went from heaven to "hell".
When Li Qingzhao was widowed and lonely, Zhang Ruzhou, who was then serving as the right flattering lang supervisor of the auditing department of the various armies (an ordinary official in charge of financial auditing and auditing in the army), frequently appeared in front of Li Qingzhao and made great offerings to show kindness. Zhang Ruzhou (張汝舟), a native of Gui'an (present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang), was a jinshi in the second year (1103) of Emperor Chongning of the Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao was helpless and eager to live a stable life, and in the summer of the second year of Shaoxing (1132), she married Zhang Ruzhou under worldly pressure.
The road that Li Qingzhao identified must be followed. She ignored the nonsense that "starvation is small, and the loss of discipline is big" and what kind of "virgins are not second husbands". The ridicule of the people is ignored. Many texts at that time recorded the remarriage of "public figure" Li Qingzhao, mostly ridicule and ridicule.
The earliest record appears in Hu Zai's book "The Tale of the Fishing Hidden Cong of Moss Creek", which says that "Yi An was no longer suitable for Zhang Ruzhou, and there were notices and thick clouds at the qi place: 'The evening scenery of the mulberry elm is obscene, and the material is under the donkey', and the preachers all laugh at it." ”
Wang Zhuo's "Biji Manzhi" says, "Zhao dies, remarries a certain clan, sues and leaves, and wanders away in the late festival." ”
Li Qingzhao clearly knew that she had taken this step in the shame of the people of the world. To this end, she has placed a lot of hopes and expectations on the road of life with her remarried husband. Li Qingzhao paid a sincere sense of truth to this marriage, but this is only Li Qingzhao's wishful thinking. Is that her new husband the idea? Is it from the bottom of her heart that she is a widow who is nearly half a hundred years old?
Zhang Ruzhou married Li Qingzhao not for her looks, nor for her unparalleled talent; her Xu Niang's half-old charm was not worth a few dollars. Where there is any emotion to speak of. He came with Li Qingzhao's cultural relics and antiques.
Zhang Ruzhou took the first step for this ultimate goal and lived with Li Qingzhao. When he was ready to carry out the second step, he found that he had been "deceived." Why do you say this, this is because after he lived with Li Qingzhao, he found that Li Qingzhao, the "old woman", was no longer the "rich woman" he knew. There are not many belongings around her, that is, these few remaining cultural relics and antiques, Li Qingzhao seems to have done "premarital property notarization" as if they are all his own property, and he does not let him reach out and ask questions, let alone that he has the right to dispose of it. His "hard work" was in vain.
Zhang Ruzhou was greatly disappointed. Annoyed and angry, he began to expose his tyrannical, vulgar and naked nature. He began to inflict "domestic violence" on Li Qingzhao, eager to beat her to death and directly occupy those few cultural relics. In his letter to Qi Chongli, Li Qingzhao said that the fundamental purpose of Zhang Ruzhou's marriage to her was not to marry her, but to marry the cultural relics around her.
"Since the body is smelly, but if you want to get rid of it, Pi Su will hug the wall and will definitely kill it." Li Qingzhao's "Book of Ceremonies of the Duke of Qi" told the situation after marriage. She also said, "Audio-visual talent is divided, it is really difficult to coexist, endure the late festival of mulberry elms, and match the talents under the donkey." I really regret that in my old age, I promised my innocent body to such a dirty and shameless city servant.
Li Qingzhao's remarriage this time really looked away and made the wrong bet.
Without waiting for Zhang Ruzhou to "kill" Li Qingzhao, Li Qingzhao, who was "born as a master", would not succumb in the face of violence, Li Qingzhao would never sit still, and she began to fight back. She wants a divorce and wants to save herself. Zhang Ruzhou beat her even harder, telling her that there was no such door to go. In that era, only a husband could divorce his wife; no wife could file for divorce.
Li Qingzhao said: "If you do not agree to divorce, then we will see you in 'court'." Li Qingzhao sued Zhang Ruzhou to the imperial court. At this time, the two people had been married for less than a hundred days.
According to Song Dynasty law, a wife sued her husband and, even if she won the case completely, was imprisoned for two years. This is also a concrete embodiment of the inferiority of men and women. The maverick Li Qingzhao dared to think and dare to do, dared to love and dare to hate, in order to get rid of this demon from the sea of suffering, she would rather endure the disaster of imprisonment than succumb to herself and dirty the second half of her life. She resolutely decided to report Zhang Ruzhou. This lawsuit was rendered to the point of alarming Emperor Gaozong. On October 11, 1132, Zhang Ruzhou was arrested by the imperial court. After trial, Zhang Ruzhou was convicted of the crime. On December 1, the emperor issued an edict to cut Zhang Ruzhou to the people and send him to Liuzhou in Guangxi.
Li Qingzhao accused Zhang Ruzhou of being accused of "arbitrarily adding more to the official position." This crime was a special crime of the Song Dynasty, that is, the criminal falsely reported the number of examinations for the imperial examination, and then met the standard of being an official. In the Song Dynasty, there was such a system: above the talent, the number of times to take the exam, reached a certain number, even if it was not admitted, you can also raise a grid. Zhang Ruzhou fraudulently reported the number of examinations in this regard and fraudulently obtained official positions.
Li Xinchuan's "Records of the Chronicles of the Lineage Since Jianyan" records the process by which Li Qingzhao denounced his husband Zhang Ruzhou: "(Shaoxing 2nd year of September Peng Zishuo) Right Chengfeng Lang, supervising the auditing department of the zhujun army Zhang Ruzhou was a subordinate official, and he was admitted to the official with Ruzhou's wife Li Shi(李氏) for falsely adding more to the official. Later, there were Si Dang Ruzhou private criminals, who were expelled from the name and appointed by Liuzhou. (October Heyou Xingxing), Lee Shi, Ge Fei female, can be for the lyrics, the number of Yi Anjushi. ”
Inside, there is also a letter from Li Qingzhao's "Throwing Inner Han Qi Gong Chongli Qi", "Emperor Er Cang, because of cheng zhaoci, believe in the words of the reed, and confuse the words of the jin." The brother can be deceived, holding official documents to believe in letters; the body is almost dead, the non-jade mirror frame is also safe, the servant is difficult to say, the gentleness is indecisive, the groan is undecided, and the force is the same. "Talked about the process of mismarrying Zhang Ruzhou. Mismarrying Zhang Ruzhou is a hasty wrong thing, she is confused in her illness, Zhang Ruzhou enthusiastically shows her love. Li Qingzhao's younger brother is an honest man, and he hopes that his sister will have a reliance in her old age, and believes the matchmaker's rhetoric. She herself was so sick that she couldn't tell that the suitor was not a reliable person who could be entrusted with life, and when her brother hesitated, Zhang Ruzhou couldn't wait to marry her home.
Li Qingzhao finally achieved his goal and successfully divorced. Fortunately, Li Qingzhao was released after only nine days in the cell and did not sit for two years. After her release from prison, she wrote in the "Book of The Worship of the Duke of Tonei Han", "Qingzhao dared not to be ashamed of his knowledge, and he was ashamed of his heart. It is difficult to escape the ridicule of the world; if we are defeated and disgraced, how can we see the people of China and the DPRK?" But the words of the wise can stop the rootless slander." Li Qingzhao said that he asked himself and felt that he was still very ashamed and ashamed.
Li Qingzhao's remarriage was despised by the world; her divorce once again caused an uproar. At that time, some literati and scholars sneered at Li Qingzhao's divorce in their own works.
"Not ending in the evening festival", "the preachers laugh at all", "the late festival is wandering"... Such a statement is filled with many texts at one time.
Li Qingzhao, who suffered a remarriage and marriage change, returned to the world of loneliness again. She drifted and wandered, like a lonely boat floating in the wind and rain in the turbulent years... Around 1155, Li Qingzhao, who was in his seventies, died lonely in Jiangnan, and a generation of talented women withered silently, and no one even knew the exact year.
Li Qingzhao's performance of the ancient song has shocked all men in ancient and modern times. A thousand years later, when we read Li Qingzhao's story again, we can hardly imagine how difficult it is for a lonely and helpless woman to survive in the midst of displacement and exile; how humiliating it is to endure the finger-pointing and indiscriminate comments of others; and how shameful it is to be recorded in the history books of "not ending in the evening".
Li Qingzhao's misfortune of remarrying and falling into the devil's cave is sympathetic; the courage of self-redemption is praiseworthy; and the encounter of a leaf drifting to zero is sad.
But history can only be history. Perhaps, we can only say: Sadly, Li Qingzhao.