Mention the name joan of Arc, I believe that the general public will not be unfamiliar, in the well-known animation "Fate/Apocrypha", as the Role of Ruler's adjudicator, the game "Fate/Grand Order" also appeared, and Joan of Arc This person also has a prototype in history, today we will talk about joan of Arc's things.
Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in northeastern France, and she was supposed to spend her life as an ordinary rural maiden, but the "Hundred Years' War" between England and France began, which was also Joan of Arc's opportunity, so Joan of Arc claimed to have been inspired by Heaven to vow to drive England out of France and assist Charles, Count of Valois, Crown Prince of France, to the throne.
Joan of Arc had gained a group of followers by this time, and with their assistance, asked Charles to authorize him to lead a team to rescue Orleans; after consulting with Joan of Arc, Charles agreed to Joan of Arc's request, so the girl from the countryside, dressed in silver armor and silver armor, stepped on a horse and commanded the troops to Orleans.
It is somewhat similar to Hua Mulan serving in the army for her father, but unlike Hua Mulan, she is indeed a battlefield as a woman.
Joan of Arc did make good on this promise, not only repelling the English forces surrounding Orléans, but also retaking many of the towns occupied by the British, and assisting Charles in his coronation as King Charles VII in 1429.
Unfortunately, a year later, Joan of Arc was in charge of the rear of the palace in a battle, but he did not expect that the French soldiers in the advanced city closed the city gates in advance because they were afraid of the British army rushing into the town, resulting in Joan of Arc being isolated and helpless, and being captured by the British outside the city walls.
So the famous incident came, after the British captured Joan of Arc, she was put on trial, accusing Joan of using witchcraft and dressing as a man (??? For more than a dozen crimes, Joan of Arc was burned at the stake on May 30, 1431.
This trial completely destroyed Joan of Arc's reputation and lasted until 20 years later.
Twenty years after Joan of Arc's martyrdom, Charles VII rehabilitated Joan of Arc through another inquisition, and fortunately the king still had a conscience, proving that Joan of Arc was not only innocent, but also a holy woman who sacrificed for France and for justice.
Since then, Joan of Arc has been almost equal to God in the eyes of the French people, and in 1920, the Pope officially canonized Joan of Arc as a saint.
After her death, joan of Arc did not always have the current reputation, after her death, although the legend of this rural girl was not interrupted, but joan of Arc at that time was only one of the many heroic stories in France, and did not develop into the symbolic status of the current national image, and at that time, there were many people who doubted Joan of Arc, some people thought that this girl was a simple rural girl, simple in thought, but braver than any man in ancient Rome, and some people thought that she was an image created by the French royal family and controlled by the government But in any case, any views relating to Joan of Arc in this period of time are more or less politically inclined.
At this time, Joan of Arc's reputation was still high and low, but in the 18th century, the image of Joan of Arc fell directly to the bottom, Voltaire even thought that Joan of Arc was an unfortunate female idiot, on the one hand, it was the Age of Enlightenment, when people were full of contempt for these messy things in the Middle Ages, calling it the "Dark Middle Ages", on the other hand, joan of Arc's story with a strong supernatural bridge, and loyalty to the monarchy, defending the Holy See, for the people of the Enlightenment, To criticize Joan of Arc is to criticize the Holy See, to criticize the monarchy.
This idea was also quoted by the French revolutionaries, and May 8 was the day of the break of the siege of Orléans, and for so many years the people of Orléans launched a commemoration of Joan of Arc on this day, only in 1793, when the revolutionary activity was at its most intense, this activity was terminated by the revolutionaries, and it was not until the Napoleonic era that this activity was revived, and it was also from the Napoleonic era that Joan of Arc's status rose rapidly.
From the beginning of the 19th century, due to the improvement of Joan of Arc's status, various forces began to seize Joan of Arc's right to interpret, and joan of Arc at that time could probably be divided into four parts: the Catholic saint, the daughter of the people, the hero who resisted British aggression, and the symbol of the French nation.
Because voltaire, the enlightener, unreservedly criticized Joan of Arc, the Catholic Church that burned Joan of Arc was even more reluctant to use the image of Joan of Arc, and the Catholics pushed the pot of burning Joan of Arc to the bishop who defected to England, and showed that this bishop was Voltaire's forerunner and a blasphemer of Catholicism.
On the 100th anniversary of Voltaire's death, Catholics held protests, Voltaire's supporters held counter-protests, and interestingly, these Voltaire supporters also presented Joan of Arc with a crown of flowers.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Joan of Arc's hometown had a place to commemorate Joan of Arc, called "Joan of Arc House", whenever the country was in turmoil and the French nation encountered a crisis, the number of people who came here increased significantly, and there was no shortage of radical remarks in their messages, and even the hatred of England in the Middle Ages was moved to the present.
For the republicans of the time, it was natural not to let Joan of Arc fall into the hands of the Holy See, they gave Joan of Arc another historical image, they explained Joan of Arc as: the French people are the founders, the creators of the nation, Joan of Arc is the embodiment of the people, the daughter of the people, in the second half of the 19th century, the republicans appeared more radical, believing that Joan of Arc came from the countryside, from the bottom of this society, was a partner of the peasants, and said that "Joan of Arc belongs only to us, we do not want anyone to touch her."
In this situation of confrontation between the various forces, the beloved Joan of Arc became one of the few consensus in France, and Joan of Arc officially became the symbol of the French nation.
So, with so many heroic stories in France, why did Joan of Arc transform into a symbol of the French nation? Maybe she can tolerate everyone, every Frenchman, religious or not, poor or rich, has a respect for Joan of Arc; if you are a Catholic, then Joan of Arc is a martyr, if you are a poor person, then Joan of Arc is the existence of the poor, if you are a champion of monarchy, then Joan of Arc is the hero who crowns the monarch.
Thus, Joan of Arc was initially forgotten by the people because France did not need such a symbol in the monarchy; the Enlightenment was despised only because she was a product of the old times, and since the 19th century, Joan of Arc's image has risen because she can accommodate all French people to the greatest extent and satisfy the imagination of all French people for the nation.
Now, no matter what it was, in France, this kind girl from the countryside of Lorraine has become a national symbol of France, and after the national controversy of the 20th century, everything about Joan of Arc will become part of France.