Group photo of He Mengxiong and Miao Boying. Photo courtesy of Longhua Martyrs Memorial Hall
An art exhibition panel showing Cai Bozhen and Wu Zhongwen holding a wedding on a prison cart. Reporter Xu Dongyuan photographed Guo Jingdan and Wu Zhendong
Tanabata, a festival about love in traditional Chinese culture.
Over the past few days, at the Shanghai Longhua Martyrs Memorial Hall, young people have unconsciously stopped in front of the exhibition of a pair of revolutionary couples, thinking: Love and ideals, which is more important? When making life and death decisions, does he or she have a nostalgia from the bottom of his heart? If they hadn't met each other, would they have spent their lives in waves?
Life is only once, history has no ifs. From these revolutionary heroic and touching love stories, we see the best appearance of love, and we understand the code of the victory of the Chinese Communist Party.
Acquaintance
In the hit drama "The Age of Awakening", there is such a bridge: in the work-study mutual aid society, the young woman Yi Qunxian suddenly confessed to He Mengxiong in front of everyone, and He Mengxiong said very panickedly: "Sorry Comrade Yi, I already have a beloved person." ”
Some viewers said the names of the real couple on the bullet screen: He Mengxiong and Miao Boying.
The Longhua Martyrs Memorial Hall houses photographs and relics of the heroic couple. Among them, a publication of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, "Forward", is stamped with the seal of "Boxiong Collection", and this is the wedding celebration of the two.
Turn the long lens of history at their prosperous age-
He Mengxiong and Miao Boying are both from Hunan, and He Mengxiong was born in 1898 when Miao Boying was one year old. He was the youngest son in his family and lived in hardship, which made him sympathize with the poor peasant masses from an early age, and during his studies in Changsha, he established revolutionary friendship with Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Deng Zhongxia and others. Miao Boying was born in Xiangmendi and was deeply loved by his parents. However, this well-off girl "does not like to dress up, some boys have the demeanor", seeing that the country is weak and the people are poor, she is determined to "read to save the country".
In the chaotic world, the trajectory of the two people's lives intersected in Beijing. He Mengxiong studied at Peking University, often went to Professor Yang Changji's home to study and discuss, Yang Changji's daughter Yang Kaihui is Miao Boying's close friend, miao Boying, who first arrived in Beijing, also often runs to Yang's house, the two met in this way. Together, they read progressive books and discussed ways to transform society. Li Dazhao's "Youth" makes their blood boil, and also inspires them to constantly seek the truth. In November 1920, Li Dazhao and others established the early communist organization in Beijing, both of whom were members, and Miao Boying was the first female member of the CCP.
Similar ages and like-mindedness make falling in love a natural thing. In the autumn of 1921, He Mengxiong and Miao Boying formed a family in the apartment of No. 5 Zhonglao Hutong in Jingshan West Street, Beijing, which was also a secret liaison station for the CCP's underground organization in Beijing.
Many years later, people found a number of revolutionary books stamped with the red seal of the "Boxiong Collection" and learned about the love of this turbulent era - the two agreed: Since they are united by common ideals, the future collections will be stamped with our wedding seals, and witness our love and revolutionary cause with the books in the common collection.
"In today's parlance, this is the 'little freshness' of that era. However, they are fresher and more sober, and this feeling has firm ideals and beliefs as the cornerstone. Xu Zhen, a researcher at the Longhua Martyrs Memorial, said.
Revolutionaries are flesh-and-blood people, have a strong longing for their lovers, and have a desire to keep each other. In Longhua, there are many more such stories.
A bag of candy and two cans are birthday gifts from left-wing writer Feng Hao to her husband Xu E under difficult conditions.
At that time, the two lived in a pavilion room in Shanghai. One day, Feng Hao, who returned late, saw that his lover had not yet returned, so he left a pile of manuscript paper, a bag of candy, two cans of milk powder on the desk, and also wrote a note pressed under the can: "Today is your birthday, I did not forget, I took the time to come back, but I can't wait." I have taken away some of the paper and food. ”
Feng Heng, formerly known as Feng Lingmei, was born in 1907 in Chaozhou, Guangdong. Seeing that the people are not happy with their lives, she loves literature and uses her pen as a gun to plunge into the torrent of revolution, so she also gave up the poetic "Lingmei" and changed her name to the powerful and loud "Sonorous". In May 1929, Feng joined the Communist Party of China, and the following year she and more than 50 progressives jointly founded the Chinese Left-Wing Writers' Union.
Because of their participation in revolutionary work, Feng Hao and Xu E were often unable to meet. The concern between lovers can only be hidden in the bits and pieces of life. In the gap between taking the tram, Feng Hao knitted a wool vest for Xu E, and Xu E liked it very much, but he insisted that Feng Hao wear it himself to keep the cold.
Xu E would not have imagined that many years later, the wool vest would become a proof of his "recognition" with his lover.
Choice
In a display case in the Longhua Martyrs Cemetery, the wool vest was quietly displayed, the color was gray, the blood was mottled, and the 7 bullet holes were shocking.
On the night of February 7, 1931, Feng Hao, who was 24 years old wearing deep myopia glasses, lined up with He Mengxiong and other revolutionaries and walked to the execution ground with great enthusiasm. Amid the tragic "Internationale" and the high-pitched slogan "Long live the Communist Party of China," the martyrs fell one after another.
Perhaps for a moment, Feng Hao will remember the sweetness of love and the beauty of life, but what she hopes more is that her sacrifice can be exchanged for the light of the country. At the meeting of all the members of the Left League, Feng Hao, who created a number of literary and artistic works reflecting the life of the Soviet Union, such as "Xiao Ah Qiang", "Hua Laobo", and "The Diary of Female Comrade Ma Ying", enthusiastically made a report: "The bright and happy daylight world is coming!" ”
Perhaps for a moment, He Mengxiong will worry about the whereabouts of his books printed with the "Boxiong Collection", but he is more likely to recall what his wife said to him on her deathbed two years ago: "Since you promised the party with your body, you should sacrifice for the cause of the party, but you are dying of illness and failing to die on the battlefield, which is a pity for life!" You will resolutely fight against the enemy until victory! ”
The Hungarian poet Petëfi has a famous poem "Freedom and Love". The Chinese translation of the poem is widely known: "Life is precious, love is more expensive; if it is for freedom, both can be thrown away." What is significant is that the translator is Yin Fu, who died with Feng Hao and He Mengxiong and is also known as the "Twenty-Four Martyrs of Longhua".
"When compiling the historical data, we feel that these young revolutionaries have given up the happiness of themselves and their families very resolutely and courageously, and that they are really fighting the most vigorous struggle for the future of the whole nation, until they sacrifice their lives." Zou Qiang, director of the Shanghai Longhua Martyrs Memorial Hall, said.
"Ice sister, never say goodbye, hope sister to work hard, brother thank you for your love, hope to take care of it, the rest of the words are endless, love your pan." This is a suicide note written by martyr Peng Pan to his wife Xu Bing before his sacrifice.
Peng Pan was praised by Mao Zedong as the "king of the Chinese peasant movement", on August 24, 1929, Peng Pan was arrested for betrayal by traitors, heroic and unyielding, and on the 30th in Longhua, together with Yang Yin, Yan Changyi, xing Shizhen at the same time, he was only 33 years old.
Xu Bing is Peng Pan's lover and his comrade-in-arms. After her husband's sacrifice, she waved tears and ink and wrote an article entitled "In Memory of My Dear Comrade Peng Pan": "Although my Comrade Peng Pan died, his glorious history, great achievements, and heroic spirit will never be indelible." "Inherit the spirit of my Comrade Peng Pan and obey his will ... Stepping on his blood, I resolutely went to the crowd to sharpen my bayonet to destroy the enemy. ”
She gave up the opportunity to go to Moscow, put a pair of her own children in the home of her comrades-in-arms, and returned from Shanghai to Guangdong to continue the battle. Xu Bing was both literate and brave, witty and brave, and the enemy was terrified. In February 1932, Xu Bing's unit was surrounded by the enemy, she was arrested during the breakthrough, the enemy was like a treasure, but no matter whether the enemy seduced or tortured, Xu Bing was always unyielding and was sent to Shantou to be killed...
Flipping through a blood-colored letter, we really see that revolutionaries will also be afraid and will not give up, but when faced with life and death choices, they all sacrifice "small love" without hesitation and achieve "great love"——
"War is better than not being able to sing, not to make jokes, but to have a spirit of sacrifice in order to crush and destroy the enemy." Don't be sad if you go to the front this time or are injured and sacrificed. The martyr Chamoud said to his wife as he went to the front.
"When will he be able to come out of this arrest, this is unpredictable, and now he is still in the uncertainty of life and death, where does he care when he will come out?" I hope you read well, don't be sad, and hope to be comforted. After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, Zheng Fu was arrested and imprisoned, and he comforted his wife in prison.
Revolutionaries also have flesh and blood, love and affection.
Weddings
What couple doesn't crave a romantic wedding? If there are no flowers, no blessings, then let the gunshots of the reactionaries become the loudest salute.
On February 6, 1928, at the Honghuagang Execution Ground in Guangzhou, two young communists, 23-year-old Zhou Wenyong and 24-year-old Chen Tiejun, held a tragic wedding and walked arm in arm to the execution ground. Before the execution, Chen Tiejun shouted: "We are going to hold a wedding, let the gunshots of the reactionaries be used as a salute for our marriage!" ”
"Wedding on the execution ground" has written the most moving footnote for the romantic feelings and fiery beliefs of Chinese communists, and Zhou Wenyong and Chen Tiejun are not alone.
At the Longhua Martyrs' Cemetery, an exhibit of an old-fashioned prison cart was parked in front of the former site of the Detention Center of the Songhu Garrison Headquarters of the Kuomintang, and a tear-jerking story once happened on the car.
"The road of life is coming to an end, and the common faith of the two will never change!"
The prison cart roared all the way, and the love vows echoed repeatedly on the road. Cai Bozhen and Wu Zhongwen, a couple who met and fell in love in revolutionary work, married in a small prison cart under the witness of their friends in the same car.
According to the data, Cai Bozhen and Wu Zhongwen were both From Guangdong and joined the revolution in their early twenties, Wu Zhongwen participated in the provincial and Hong Kong strikes, Cai Bozhen participated in the Guangzhou uprising, and then went to Moscow to study, and after returning to China, they were also cadres of the Shanghai Zhabei District Committee, and they also met and fell in love. However, before the revolutionary love blossomed, on January 17, 1931, the reactionaries, based on the clues provided by the traitors, together with the imperialist concession patrol house, arrested Cai, Wu and four other CCP members in a Shanghai hostel.
During their imprisonment in longhua detention center, the two did not change their faith in the face of inhuman torture, and Wu Zhongwen was even more optimistic: "Lenin and Stalin have been imprisoned many times and have been exiled, which is an extraordinary university journey for revolutionaries. ”
On February 7, 1931, Cai Bozhen and Wu Zhongwen fell under the guns of the reactionaries.
Because of his long-term underground work, Cai Bozhen did not leave a single photo, so that party history researchers have not been able to "restore" a wedding photo for the couple.
For the sacrifice of Cai and Wu, in the 50s of last century, Wen Wei Po once posted an article sighing: "People who do revolutionary work are not strangers to sacrifice, but they are full of happiness all the time, if they die, they should also die a little younger, here, they even forced the god of death to be an old man under the moon, and the god of death cannot help but bow his head!" ”
In the years of revolutionary war, there were too many revolutionary partners who both dedicated themselves: Ruan Xiaoxian and Gao Tianbo, Chen Fen, Mao Zejian, Xiao Chunu, You Xi and his wife... On April 11, 1932, Chen Tie'er, a member of the Communist Party, bravely took up his righteousness in Guangzhou, she was the sister of Chen Tiejun, she died in the same execution ground, and her life also ended at the age of 24.
These revolutionary partners, with their love and faith, wrote an immortal and ultimate romance in the history of the Party for a hundred years. They died at a young age, but they were not alone. They are the sowers of fire, and when they fell, their comrades, their predecessors and successors, had already lit a spark of stars on the land of China, and the future, the spark of the fire, not far away, a new China.
Source: Xinhua Daily Telegraph