Yelü Abaoji (872 AD - 926 AD) surname Yelü, the character Abaoji, The Chinese name is Yi. He was the founding emperor of the Liao state and was historically known as the Liao Taizu. Thirteen years after Tang Xiantong, Yelü Abaoji was born into an aristocratic family of the Khitan tribe. Before birth, his mother dreamed of a sun falling in her arms and became pregnant. On the day of Apaoji's birth, the delivery room was filled with strange light and fragrance, and Apaoji was born with the size of a three-year-old baby and could crawl on his own. When he was three months old, he was able to stand and walk, not only could he talk, but he also knew many things he had never heard of, and he said that there were gods and people around him protecting him. At that time, the Khitan nobles fought fiercely for the position of leader of the alliance. Apaochi's grandfather was killed in the struggle for power, and his father and uncles fled. The grandmother was particularly fond of Apaoji, who was born in distress, and in order to protect him, she often painted his face and hid it in someone else's accounting room to avoid being discovered by the enemy. After Apaoji grew up, his body was tall and burly, his eyes were bright, and his martial arts were strong, showing his outstanding talents. With his superior strategy and ability to govern the country, he completed the unification of northern China and was known as the hero of the Yelü family of Therabe.
At the age of thirty, Apaochi had already shown outstanding military talent. He established the Guards Army, which was responsible for leading troops to conquer the surrounding areas and attack multiple tribes in succession; After that, he led 400,000 troops south, crossed the Great Wall, captured nine counties, and captured 95,000 Han Chinese and countless cattle, horses and livestock. He also sent troops to attack the Jurchen tribes, capturing three hundred families. After Apaoji's uncle was killed, Apaoji succeeded his uncle in the position of Yuyue (second only to khan in status, controlling the military and administrative affairs of the alliance) and controlling the military and political power of the tribal alliance. He led his army on expeditions that extended Khitan territory to most of the area north of the Great Wall of China. In December of the third year of Tang Tianyou (906 AD), at the khan's re-election ceremony, the ministers established Apaoji as the new khan in accordance with the last will and testament of the previous khan. Apaoji pushed three times before finally agreeing to ascend to the Khan's throne. The following year (907 AD), Apaochi abolished the traditional khan election system, established a lifelong and hereditary system, and lit a large firewood pile according to Khitan customs to inform the heavens and ascend the emperor's throne.
At that time, the leaders of the Khitan tribe practiced a family election system, and in order to fight for the right to be elected, some brothers of the Apaojiben family launched three rebellions, which is the "rebellion of the brothers" in history. The first time was in May 911, when four brothers (Razak, Diela, Yindishi, and Anduan) plotted a rebellion, they were denounced by the brother Anduan's wife. Apaochi treated these brothers with a tolerant heart, not only did not kill them, but also climbed the mountain with them to worship heaven and earth, and swore an oath to forgive them after the Heavenly Alliance. In October of the following year, on the way back from the battle, the brother Razgar led the army to block the return of Apaoji, trying to force him to participate in the Khan's re-election meeting. Apao cleverly led his army back to the city around the trail, and held a traditional ceremony of burning firewood in front of the brothers, serving as khan again, so that the brothers had no reason to rebel. Apaochi quietly quelled the rebellion, reflecting his forbearance and superior wisdom. The next day, several brothers sent people to ask Apaoji for his guilt, and Apaoji no longer pursued them, but only ordered them to repent.
In March 913, the brothers rebelled again. They first agreed to make Apaoji the new Khan, and then sent Dira and Anduan to pretend to go to see Apaoji, waiting for the opportunity to hijack Apaoji for the khan re-election meeting they had prepared. After Apaoji saw through their plot, he personally led his troops to pursue and suppress Rak. Rakshasa fled after taking away the banner that symbolized the khan's power and the sacred tent of his ancestors. In April, Apaoji led his troops north, using the tactics of ambush and interception in the front and attacking in the rear to defeat Razak, while releasing all the captured prisoners to go home. After Rakor escaped, Apaoji did not continue to chase after the deserters, he waited until the rebels missed their hometown and had no intention of fighting again, and quickly captured Razgar.
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Apaoji's brotherhood could not bear to kill Razor and Brother Drake, but only beat them to show punishment, and then let them go. He forgave the sins of YinDishi and An Duan, who were confused and driven by the instigation of Razak, and only hanged and killed some people who actually instigated rebellion, such as Hedili Zizhi and Razak's wife. Apaochi said to the courtiers, "Although these brothers of mine are naturally intelligent, they are very evil in their hearts. They think they have superhuman strategic wisdom and have always indulged their greed and evil thoughts. They exaggerate the small faults of others as big as Tarzan, but they say that they have done great bad things less than Hong Mao. How can they not fail if they collude with villains and vicious women to seek private interests and endanger the country?"
To the execution of those sinners whose guilt was well documented, Apaochi sighed, "Where do I want to kill them?" If it's just betraying me, it's not a big deal. But the bad things they did undermined the morality and ethics of the world, persecuted good people, robbed them of their belongings, and caused suffering to the people. In the past, our people had tens of thousands of good horses, and most of the horses died on the battlefield because of the rebellion, but today the people have no horses to ride but to walk, which is something that has never been done since the founding of the country, and their sins are too great, so they had to be executed!" After three countering rebellions, Apaoji completely brought the tribe to a state of high unity. In 916 AD, Abaoji officially established the state, the name of the country was Khitan (in history, it was renamed Great Khitan and Great Liao, and other countries commonly known as Liao), and the era name of the Kaishen Book. Apaoji was called Emperor of Heaven, his wife Shulu was called Empress Di, and his eldest son Yelü Bei was made crown prince.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Apaoji formed a new state institution based on the political model of the Central Plains countries. He formulated the first Khitan law, the Prison Law, and organized people to create the Khitan script. Apaoji was proficient in Chinese, appointed talented Han Chinese as strategists, and took their advice to set up prefectures and counties, establish cities, and formulate tax policies. In line with the principle of "different customs and different management methods", the Khitan people were managed according to the Khitan system in the north, and the Han people were managed in the south by imitating the System of the Han Dynasty. At the same time, he vigorously absorbed Han culture and built the imperial capital Liaoshang Capital City in imitation of the pattern and type system of Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty; Respect traditional religions and build Confucius temples, Buddhist temples, Taoist temples, etc. Externally, Apaoji carried out extensive territorial expansion through war. He formed a palace tent army under his own command, and the management of the army was very strict. In the course of the battle, Abaoji attached importance to the absorption and use of Talents from the Central Plains and reused han military generals. In terms of operational guidance, it emphasizes avoiding the real and attacking the false, abandoning the city and relying on cavalry raids to win; Starting from the weak enemy, it is easy to break the opponent one by one, avoiding two-front combat; According to the experience of the people in fighting with wild beasts in the past, the cavalry was formulated to encircle the tactics from both sides, and learned from the central plains fire attack, cave siege and other methods.
After two failed attempts to go south from the first year of the Divine Book (916 AD), Apaoji adjusted its strategic direction in time and changed to the northwest and northeast. He personally conquered many tribes and won a complete victory, which greatly enhanced the prestige of the Khitan state. In the third year of Tianzan (924 AD), he again conquered Tuguhun, Dangxiang, and Zhibu. In the first year of Tianxian (926 AD), the Bohai State was destroyed in the east. Apaoji set up a large number of official governments in the Heilongjiang and Ussuri River basins for practical management, thus ending the division of the northeast region since the end of the Tang Dynasty, establishing the vast Liao Dynasty, and laying the foundation for the future unification of China. To this day, the Russian pronunciation still refers to China as "Khitan", which shows his influence. As a unified state established by the nomadic peoples, the practice of "dividing the Han and Han" adopted by Abaoji in the political, legal, economic and other systems provided a form that could be accepted by the khitan and Han peoples in the Liao State, reflecting a broad mind and a wise political vision.
Apaoji's governing ideology runs through the traditional concept of reverence for heaven and earth, and even if he sends troops to fight, he must follow the guidance of heaven. He once issued an edict saying: "It is the heavens who are watching and monitoring those who are in power, so that the people can attain well-being." ...... Since I have been ordained by Heaven and have to consider all the people, every time I decide to go on a journey, I respect Providence. ...... Three years later, in the early autumn of the Chengshu Dynasty, I will definitely have my own home. However, the two most important things are not finished, is it not to bear the entrustment of Heaven and the trust of relatives? Time is running out, and I should try to fulfill my oath. In addition to managing the country, Apaoji himself also maintained ancient virtues, such as in September of the fourth year, on the way to conquer Ugubu, he heard that his mother, the empress dowager, was ill, and immediately rushed back to the palace at a speed of six hundred miles a day to serve his mother, and his filial piety was praised.
In July of the first year of the Liao Dynasty (926 CE), Apaoji fell ill in Buyeo (present-day Sipingxi, Jilin) on his way back to the dynasty after conquering the Bohai Sea. That night, a large meteorite fell in front of the big tent; A dazzling yellow dragon about a mile long coiled around the city and flew into the palace; Purple-black smoke obscured the heavens and the earth for a long time. Apaochi died of illness on this day, at the age of fifty-five. What he said in the edict at the beginning of the year, "At the beginning of the autumn, there will be a place to return" is accurately fulfilled here. The palace where he died of illness was located between two rivers southwest of Buyeo Castle, where the Ascension Hall was later built and Buyeo was called the "Yellow Dragon Mansion". Liao Taizu Yelü Abaoji reigned for twenty years, that is, the eleventh year of the throne, the temple name Taizu, the title of the ascension emperor.
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