Rapeseed oil is a kind of edible oil obtained by pressing or leaching rapeseed, referred to as coriander oil and vegetable oil, which is mainly produced in the Yangtze River Basin and southwest and northwest regions.
Sichuan cuisine, which is known for its "one dish and one grid, one hundred dishes and one hundred flavors", is indispensable to the soul spoonful of rapeseed oil when making it. Because whether it is chili peppers, peppercorns, or watercress and spices, rapeseed oil can vividly express the characteristics of various flavors.
In November 2020, Consumer Reports collated the quality sampling of rapeseed oil published by the national and provincial market supervision and administration bureaus (including the former Food and Drug Administration) from October 2015 to October 2020.
The results showed that in the past 5 years, 439 batches of unqualified rapeseed oil were found in the sampling inspection of the regulatory authorities, mainly involving acid value/acid value, peroxide value, benzo [α] pyrene, solvent residue and other items.
In terms of brands, Seed Mill Fragrance, Jinjiang Oasis, New Oasis, Sichuan CaiWang, Sanshen Selenium Township, Marchflower, and Haibei Flower have more unqualified times. In addition, some well-known brands such as Duoli, Huiyi, Hongdae and South Street Village are also on the list.
Image source: Figureworm Creative
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Duoli, Huiyi and so on</h1>
The sampling results show that the same rapeseed oil production enterprise has the highest number of unqualified times 4 times, involving 7.
For example, the three batches of solvent residues of Sichuan Caiwang 100% concentrated coriander oil (900mL/bottle, 2016/1/11), Sichuan Caiwang 100% concentrated coriander seed oil (900mL/bottle, 2016/8/30), and Sichuan Caiwang pure coriander seed oil (27.17L/barrel, 2016/6/22) produced by Anxian Huida Oleochemical Co., Ltd. were detected as having 215mg/kg, 12.8mg/kg and 15.7mg/kg, respectively. This indicator is not detected in pressed rapeseed oil or primary and secondary leachable rapeseed oil according to regulations, and there is also a batch of Sichuan Caiwang pure coriander seed oil (2015/7/1, 1.8L/bottle) Fatty acid composition does not meet the standard, of which oleic acid C18:1 is low, and erucic acid C22:1 exceeds the standard.
In addition, the four batches of Haibei cauliflower seed oil (5L/barrel, 2014/12/27), Haibei cauliflower oil (fragrance type) (5L/barrel, 2014/7/29), Haibei cauliflower oil (5L/barrel, 2014/12/29), Haibei cauliflower oil (pure fragrance type), Haibei cauliflower oil (pure fragrance type), 2014/8/1) produced by Qinghai Tongda Oil Processing Co., Ltd. are all unqualified labels, such as the unlabeled ingredient list and the nutrition facts table inscriptions are inconsistent with the standard.
It is worth mentioning that the unqualified brands that were detected this time are also Duoli, Li Hong, Huiyi and other brands that consumers are more familiar with.
The nominal Polycanthus rapeseed oil (1.8L/bottle, 2015/6/10) produced by Shanghai Jiage Food Co., Ltd. Suzhou Branch has unqualified fatty acid composition, of which the detection value of arachidonic acid C20:1 is 2.2%, and the standard value is 3.0% to 15.0%. It is reported that the company's Shanghai Jiage Food Co., Ltd., formerly known as the American QUAKER Group, entered the edible oil market in 2003 to produce "Duoli" brand edible oil.
Also unqualified is Wal-Mart's own brand "Huiyi". The fatty acid composition of Huiyi rapeseed oil (900mL/bottle, 2017/5/25) entrusted by Walmart (China) Investment Co., Ltd. to Zunyi Zhongtu Grain and Oil Harvesting and Storage Co., Ltd. is unqualified, including linoleic acid C18:2, oleic acid C18:1, palmitic acid C16:0.
Also involved in the unqualified fatty acid composition is the "Li Hong" rapeseed oil (1.8L/bottle, 2015/3/2) of China Resources Wufeng Holdings, which is nominally packaged by Sichuan Wufeng Lihong Food Co., Ltd.
It is understood that the fatty acid composition is an indicator of the purity of the oil, each edible oil has a specific proportion of fatty acid composition, if mixed with other edible oils, the proportion of its fatty acid composition will deviate from the standard range.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > a rapeseed oleic acid value exceeds the standard by 20 times</h1>
From the perspective of reasons, the unqualified freshness index is the main reason for the unqualified rapeseed oil, including 157 times the acid value/acid price exceeds the standard, and the peroxide value exceeds the standard 96 times, accounting for 52.0% of the unqualified proportion.
Rapeseed oil is considered by the academic community to be a kind of edible oil with a reasonable fatty acid composition, saturated fatty acids account for only about 10%, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids is high, of which oleic acid accounts for about 80% and linoleic acid accounts for about 7%. But "unsaturated" also means "unstable," and canola oil is relatively prone to rancidity.
Acid value/acid value and peroxide value are indicators of the quality of food and reflect the degree of rancidity of edible oleoglycic acid.
The smaller the acid value/acid value, the better the quality of the oil, the better the freshness and refinement. The high peroxide value indicates that the oils and fatty acids in the sample have been oxidized to a certain extent, and there are odors such as rancidity and hara when eaten.
The red lotus spring oil (4L/bottle, 2015/8/28) produced by Hubei Red Lotus Spring Oil Seasoning Co., Ltd., with an acid value of 4.0mg/g and a standard requirement of ≤ 0.20mg/g, the rapeseed oil acid value exceeds the standard by nearly 20 times!
The peroxide value of pure vegetable oil (bulk, 2015/7/25) sold by Li Simei Vice Food Store in Shinian Town is 2.32g/100g, which is 9.3 times the standard value (≤0.25g/100g).
Under normal circumstances, a slight increase in acid value/acid value and peroxide value will not harm the health of the human body, but if serious deterioration occurs, the aldehydes, ketones and acids produced will destroy fat-soluble vitamins, resulting in gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea and so on.
GB/T 1536-2004 "Rapeseed Oil" stipulates that the maximum limit of acid value of primary, secondary, tertiary and fourth-grade rapeseed oil (including pressed finished rapeseed oil and leached finished rapeseed oil) is increased sequentially, and the peroxide value of primary and secondary rapeseed oil is also required to be higher than that of tertiary and fourth-grade rapeseed oil.
In short, whether it is pressed or leached out of the finished rapeseed oil, primary rapeseed oil is usually "freshest".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > rapeseed oil is not "the more fragrant the better"</h1>
In 1933, scientists isolated benzo[α] pyrene from bitumen and found that it could induce skin cancer in mice. As a result, benzo[α] pyrene was identified as the first chemical environmental carcinogen.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies benzo [α] pyrene as a class of carcinogens (which have been identified as carcinogenic in humans). Animal experiments have proved that long-term inhalation or consumption of foods containing benzo [α] is easy to induce lung cancer, liver cancer, gastrointestinal tract cancer and so on.
At present, the processing technology for the preparation of rapeseed oil in China mainly includes low temperature cold pressing, high temperature hot pressing, hydroenzyme extraction, organic solvent (such as n-hexane) leaching and further refining. In general, the content of benzo [α] pyrene in the hot-pressed and leachable rapeseed oil is the highest, because the high temperature in the oil making process makes the rapeseed charred and carbonized, and the benzo [α] pyrene produced remains in the oil.
The detection of benzo [α] pyrene in rapeseed oil is likely to be caused by some companies using extremely high fried seed temperatures in order to cater to the market's pursuit of rapeseed oil flavor.
The sampling results show that the benzo [α] pyrene of the old rapeseed oil (1L/barrel, 2015/7/19) produced by Wulat Zhongqi Haiwang Edible Oil Co., Ltd. was seriously exceeded, and the detected value was 326 μg/kg, which was 32.6 times the standard value (≤10 μg/kg)!
Coincidentally, benzo [α]pyrene 165 μg/kg was detected in Cypress Double Low Rapeseed Oil (1.8L/bottle, 6/7, 2017) produced by Sichuan Baijiale Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd., which is also far higher than the maximum limit standard.
It is worth mentioning that during the process of smoking, baking and frying, fat, cholesterol, protein and carbohydrates can form benzo [α] pyrene under high temperature conditions, especially when the food is scorched during the smoking and baking process, the amount of benzo [α] pyrene will increase by 10 to 20 times compared with ordinary food.
【Special Statement】: The original data used in this article are from the official websites of market supervision departments at all levels of the state, and the data is objective and true. If the relevant sampling result data is verified and confirmed by the relevant government departments and the facts of the change, please contact this journal in time.