Sun Jian (155-191), courtesy name Wentai, was a native of Fuchun, Wu Commandery (present-day Fuyang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang), a famous general and warlord of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the founder of the Eastern Wu regime. In 229, after the second son Declared Emperor "Eastern Wu", sun jian was posthumously honored as Emperor Wulie, the ancestor of the temple.
Portrait of Emperor Wu lie of Wu
In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, it is said that Sun Jian was a descendant of the famous military figure Sun Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is also said that Sun Clan had lived in Wu for generations. This is just like saying that Cao Cao was after The Han Xiang Cao And Liu Bei was a descendant of Xiao Jing, it was just the Spring and Autumn brushwork of posterity to paste gold on his face. According to historical records, Sun Jian's father was named Sun Zhong (also said to be his grandfather), and he planted melons in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, which shows that Sun Jian's birth was very poor. After Sun Jian's birth, the history books say that he was "extraordinary-looking, sexually broad-minded, and curious", and he was a county official when he was young, with a broad and open-minded temperament.
In the fourth year of Jianning (171), when Sun Jian was seventeen years old, he was on his way to Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang) with his father, when he happened to encounter pirates Hu Yu and others robbing merchants of their belongings and sharing the loot on the shore. Merchant travelers, at the sight of this situation, were frightened to stop, and passing ships did not dare to move forward. Seeing this, Sun Jian strode to the shore with his knife in his hand, commanding with his hands and things as he walked, as if he was dispatching and deploying people to encircle and round up the pirates. The pirates saw this from afar, mistakenly believing that the officers and soldiers had come to arrest them, panicked, threw away their goods, and fled in all directions. Sun Jian refused to give up and pursued a pirate and returned, his father was shocked to see it, he became famous for this incident, and the county government recruited him to act as a lieutenant.
In the first year of Xiping (172), Xu Chang, a native of Huiji Commandery, rebelled in Jurzhangxing, proclaimed himself Emperor Yangming, and gathered tens of thousands of accomplices. Sun Jian, in the capacity of The County's Sima (郡司馬), recruited more than a thousand elite and brave brave men, and together with the officers and soldiers of the prefecture and county, they joined forces in their crusade and defeated this force. The Yangzhou assassin Shi Zang Min presented Sun Jian's merits to the imperial court, so he was appointed as the deputy county magistrate of Yandu County (yandu county magistrate, yandu in present-day Yancheng, Jiangsu), and later successively changed to Xuyi (盱盱县, in modern Xuyi County, Jiangsu) and Xiapi (下邳, in modern Pizhou, Shandong). Sun Jian successively served as a county magistrate in three counties, and everywhere he went, he was very prestigious, and the officials and people were also close to obedience. The number of people who came with him often reached hundreds, and there were both old celebrities in the township and teenagers who did good deeds. Sun Jian treated them like his children's relatives and friends, receiving and raising them and doing his best.
In the first year of Zhongping (184), the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, and the imperial court appointed three famous generals Lu Zhi, Huang Fusong, and Zhu Juan to divide their troops to fight, and like the other two giants of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao and Liu Bei, Sun Jian also participated in the war. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the implementation of the "inspection system" (the so-called "County Cha Xiaolian, Zhou Ju Maocai"), everyone generally liked to recommend people they were familiar with as assistants, for example, during the suppression of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Emperor Fusong recommended Cao Cao to serve as a knight lieutenant (it is estimated that he had a friendship when he was an official in the dynasty), and Lu Zhi also recommended his disciple Liu Bei to come out to assist him. Sun Jian was recommended by his fellow countryman and famous general Zhu Juan (朱儁) to serve as the Sima of the Zuo Army, and Zhu Jian was a member of the Huijian Shangyu (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and most of them had previously understood and appreciated the talents of Sun Jian, a small township party. Sun Jian placed his family and dependents in Shouchun County, Jiujiang County (present-day Shou County, Anhui), and he recruited some soldiers in the Huai and Si areas, plus the young men of the same village who followed him on an errand in Xia Pi County, a total of 1,000 elite soldiers. From then on, Sun Jian led these men and horses to accompany Zhu Juan in the southern expedition to the northern war, and he fought fiercely and often put his life and death outside the degree. Once, Sun Jian took advantage of the victory to pursue the enemy, rode deep alone, lost and fell on his horse, lying in the grass. At that time, the army was scattered and did not know where he was. Thanks to his war horse running back to the barracks, roaring and hissing, the soldiers followed the horses to find Sun Jian in the grass. Sun Jian returned to nutrition for more than ten days, the injury was slightly better, and went to the battlefield again. The Yellow Turban Army in the Ruying region (roughly in present-day Nanyang, Zhumadian, and Xinyang, Henan) was in a predicament, with nowhere to go, and held on to Wancheng. Sun Jian led the army to attack, and he took the lead in climbing the city wall. Encouraged by this, his men followed, and they captured Wancheng (萬城, in modern Nanyang, Henan). Zhu Juan reported all of Sun Jian's deeds to the imperial court, and the imperial court appointed Sun Jian as Sima of the other department (a pronoun for the commander of the provisional troops).
It is worth mentioning that this thousand-strong Huaisi elite army led by Sun Jian later became the armed force on which the Sun clan of Eastern Wu started. Later, the fierce generals Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Han Dang, Zu Mao and Zhu Zhi, Wu Jing, Sun Ben, Sun He, and so on, who later made great contributions to the establishment of Eastern Wu, all defected to his command at this time.
In the third year of Zhongping (186), Bian Zhang, Han Sui, and others created riots in the Liangzhou region (present-day Gansu and other regions), and Zhonglang sent Dong Zhuo to resist the crusade, but to no avail. The imperial court then sent Sikong Zhang Wen to act as a general of the Che Cavalry, and Zhang Wensong asked Sun Jian to join the army and accompany him to fight against Bian Zhang, Han Sui, Beigong Boyu and other rebels. In November, Zhang Wen broke the Northern Palace Boyu in Meiyang, and after the war, the imperial court worshipped Sun Jian as a parliamentarian (consultant to deal with and a minor official on duty).
In the fourth year of Zhongping (187), the Changsha people rebelled, claimed to be a general, gathered more than 10,000 people, and besieged the city. Sun Jian was also appointed by the imperial court as the Taishou of Changsha (equivalent to the mayor of a prefecture-level city) to lead an army to attack Ou Xing, defeating Ou Xing in only one month, and later successively rebelling against the Zhou Dynasty (Lingling), Guo Shi (Guiyang) and other rebellions. After Sun Jian was pacified one by one, the imperial court made him the Marquis of Wucheng for his merits, and he had become a powerful warlord on the ground.
In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), the Han Ling Emperor died, and the great general He Jin and the Ten Constant Attendants fought for power and perished, and the foreign relatives and eunuch groups of the Han Empire were all wiped out in one fell swoop. After that, Liangzhou stabbed Shi Dong Zhuo into the Cholera Court in Beijing, and the heroes of the world rose up to resist, and Sun Jian also raised an army to kill the Beijing Division as the Taishou of Changsha. To this end, he killed Wang Rui, a famous warrior who had always despised him somewhat, and Zhang Zhi, the Taishou of Nanyang, who refused to provide military food for his army. At that time, Sun Jian's men already had tens of thousands of people, and the later general Yuan Shu was on the table, and he was represented as the acting general of Zhonglang.
In the first year of Chuping (190), Sun Jian led more than 10,000 elite troops into Luyang (present-day Lushan, Henan) and surrendered to Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu played him as a general who broke the prisoners and also led the History of Yu Prefecture, resting in the Luyang area, ready to attack Dong Zhuo at any time.
In the winter of that year, Dong Zhuo sent The Eastern Commandery Taishou Hu Yun to lead troops to Luyang to meet the battle, when Sun Jian was drinking and laughing with his subordinates, and Hu Yi's advance cavalry suddenly attacked. Sun Jian ordered the troops to reorganize the lineup and not to move rashly, while he himself drank and laughed freely, and the enemy's cavalry grew, so he slowly got up and left his seat and guided the soldiers into the city in an orderly manner. Sun Jian said to his generals, "Those who do not rise up to Jian, fearing that the soldiers will follow each other, the kings will not be allowed to enter their ears." Hu Yi saw that Sun Jian's soldiers and horses were neat, disciplined, and had a strong fighting spirit, and did not dare to attack the city, so he withdrew his troops and left. The history of this war is called the "Battle of Luyang", and Sun Jian's subjugated soldiers without a fight showed his courage and ability to use soldiers, which is also the real sense of the "empty city plan" in the history of the Three Kingdoms.
In February of the second year of Chuping (191), Sun Jian led an army to Liangdong (梁東, in present-day Yichuan County, Henan) and attacked Luoyang. However, he was surrounded by Xu Rong, the general of Dong Zhuobu, and the whole army was defeated, and Sun Jian only escaped with a dozen cavalry (in the most urgent time, Sun Jian took off his red kitchen (turban) and let his cronies lead Zu Mao away from the enemy, which gave him a chance to escape from the siege from the trail). Sun Jian suffered this great defeat and almost lost his life, but he did not lose his heart; he gathered scattered troops along the way, entered and occupied the Taigu Yang people (present-day linxian county, Henan), and was on strict guard, preparing to wait for the opportunity to fight again, and shame on the snow. When Dong Zhuo heard that Sun Jian had entered the Zhanyang people, he immediately sent Hu Yun as the protector of Dadu and Lü Bu as the riding governor, with 5,000 men and horses, to meet the attack. Hu Yi led his army to the yangren city, which was very well guarded, and the sneak attack could not be successful. At this time, the army was hungry, thirsty, and demoralized; in addition, at night, there were no trench fortifications. The generals had just been disarmed and rested, and Lü Bu had spread rumors that Sun Jian had led the soldiers in the city to attack by night. In the darkness of the night, the soldiers did not know the true or false, disturbed the run, abandoned their armor, and lost their saddle horses, which was very embarrassing. Sun Jian took advantage of the situation to go out of the city in pursuit, Hu Yun's entire army was defeated, and his subordinate Governor Huaxiong was also beheaded.
After the victory of the Battle of Yangren, Sun Jian's reputation rose and his prestige increased. Someone took the opportunity to provoke Yuan Shu, and Yuan Shu suspected Sun Jian and did not deliver military food to him, and Sun Jian rode more than a hundred miles on horseback overnight to Luyang, where Yuan Shu lived. He said to Yuan Shu: "That's why I am so dedicated, I go up to the country to fight against the rebels, and the generals to avenge their personal vendettas." I Sun Jian and Dong Zhuo do not have a bitter hatred, but the general you listen to the villain's teasing words, and actually doubt me! Yuan Shu felt ashamed in his heart and could not be at ease. Sun Jian continued: "Now the great work is about to be completed, but the supply of military food is not available. This situation is exactly the same as Wu Qi spilling tears and Le Yigong failing! Please make a clear observation, a deep thought, and an early decision! Yuan Shu then immediately ordered Sun Jian to allocate military food.
Dong Zhuo, fearful of Sun Jian's bravery and might, sent his general Li Dai (李傕) to persuade him to marry Sun Jian, and asked him to make a list of his sons who could serve as assassins and county guards, and promised to appoint them. In the face of the temptation, Sun Jian was righteous, and he righteously refused. Dong Zhuo had to personally lead his troops to engage him, but was severely damaged by Sun Jian, who left Lü Bu to cover and turned to Shichi (渑池, in modern Shichi County, Henan). Sun Jian attacked Luoyang with his troops and engaged Lü Bu, but Lü Bu was eventually defeated and defeated, and Sun Jian's army entered Luoyang. At that time, Luoyang was empty, and there were no fireworks for hundreds of miles, and Sun Jian saw this tragic situation, infinitely sad, and burst into tears. He ordered his troops to clean up the Han Dynasty Temple and sacrifice it with the ritual of the Tai Prison; by chance, Sun Jian received the Han Dynasty's heirloom jade seal.
Sun Jian had to pass on the national jade seal
However, at that time, except for Sun Jian who was constantly fighting Dong Zhuo (of course, Cao Cao, but Cao Cao was defeated several times), the rest of the Qunxiong had already put this matter aside, and they annexed and divided in order to expand their power. Although Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu are brothers, they can deceive each other and fight with each other. Because Yuan Shu did not agree with Yuan Shao's proposal to establish a new emperor, the two brothers completely turned their faces and broke up, and Yuan Shao joined forces with Liu Biao of Jingzhou to restrain Yuan Shu, and Yuan Shu contacted Gongsun Zhan of Youzhou to restrain Yuan Shao. When Yuan Shu sent Sun Jian to attack Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shao instead sent Zhou Ang to assassinate Shi of Yuzhou and lead an army to attack Yangcheng, which had served as the seat of Sun Jian's assassination of Yuzhou. Upon receiving this news, Sun Jian was very emotional: "The purpose of our joint volunteers is to save jiangshan and social welfare. Now that the thieves will be swept away, but there is such a struggle within, who will I work with to go back to heaven and tomorrow? After saying that, yang tian sighed and tears fell like rain. However, in this case, Sun Jian had no choice but to attack Zhou Ang with his division, and Zhou Ang collapsed and fled.
In April of the second year of Chuping (191), Yuan Shu, in order to break the "Yuan Shao-Liu Biao Alliance", sent Sun Jian to conquer Jingzhou and attack Liu Biao. Liu Biao sent the general Huang Zu to fight between Fancheng (樊城, in present-day Xiangyang, Hubei) and Deng County (present-day Deng County, Henan). Sun Jian defeated Huang Zu in the first battle, took advantage of the victory to pursue, crossed the Han River, and besieged Xiangyang (襄阳, in modern Xiangyang, Hubei). Liu Biao closed the door and did not fight, sent Huang Zu out of the city at night to mobilize soldiers, Huang Zu returned with his troops, and Sun Jianfu fought with him. Huang Zu was defeated again and fled to Da Nang Mountain (in the area of present-day Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, including Da Nang Mountain, that is, Xia Dian, Zi Gai Mountain, that is, Zhongdan, and Wanshan Xia Shan), and when Sun Jian was pursuing, Huang Zu's men would shoot dark arrows from the bamboo forest, and the poor generation would accidentally kill xing xing and fall.
Regarding the time of Sun Jian's death in battle, Chen Shou, the author of the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, records it as "April of the third year of Chuping (192)", but Pei Songzhi's annotation of the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms states that "Zhang Bian died in the Han Dynasty and wu calendar and died in the second year of Jianchuping". Combined with the statement when Sun Ce was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Wu, there is a saying that "the subject was seventeen years old, and he lost his humility", and historians basically believe that Sun Jianzhan died in April of the second year of Chuping (191) is more accurate.
Portrait of Sun Jianrong
When Sun Jian died in battle, he was only thirty-seven years old, and his eldest son Sun Ce was only seventeen years old and could not control the army, so his nephew Sun Ben (the eldest son of Sun Jian's eldest son, Sun Qiang), led the remnants of Sun Jian's remains, supported the coffin, and returned to Lujiang to temporarily attach himself to Yuan Shu.
Although Sun Jian died young, he left behind a crack army led by Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Han Dang, Zu Mao, Zhu Zhi, Sun Ben and other fierce generals, composed of Huaisi disciples. His eldest son, Sun Ce, first submitted to Yuan Shu in order to inherit his father's legacy, and then in the second year of Xingping (195), he obtained Yuan Shu's permission to cross the Yangtze River in the east, and within a few years, he completed the six counties of Jiangdong, laying the foundation for the territory of Eastern Wu with one of the three worlds. It is not a matter of "being the hero of the father's life"!