Read the Tongjian, know the Tongjian, use the Tongjian. Today Tao Tao continues to explain the "Zizhi Tongjian" for everyone. The following are explained in accordance with the "Zizhi Tongjian".
In 2009, the tomb of Cao Cao, who had been lost for a thousand years, was found in Anyang, Henan. In Cao Cao's tomb, scholars have found a large number of Han Dynasty style portrait stones, which are based on allusions and themes such as "Revenge of the Seven Daughters", "Song Wang Che", "Prince Wen", "Beast Bites", "Drinker" and so on. From the production point of view, its images are exquisite and the workmanship is exquisite, which is a rare masterpiece. However, scholars looked left and right, but did not find a famous mural recorded in the history books- "Yu Ban Surrendered to Guan Yu".
Yu Banwen Ze, a native of Taishan Juping (present-day Tai'an, Shandong), was a Cao Wei general during the Three Kingdoms period, whose year of birth is unknown, died in the second year of the reign of Emperor Wen of Wei (221). Yu Ban was the elder chancellor of Cao Wei and the head of the famous "Five Sons and Good Generals". Yu Ban followed Cao Cao to "beg Lü Bu", "break the elegance", "enlist the Yellow Turban Liu Pei and Huang Shao", and with his military merits, he moved the lieutenant to Pingyu.
Later, at the Battle of Wancheng, when Cao Cao was about to be chased and killed by Zhang Xiu, Yu Ban sent rescue troops to stop the dangerous situation in which Cao's army was defeated. Afterwards, Cao Cao sighed:
"Qing Shui's difficulty, I am anxious, the general is in chaos, the stronghold of the storm, there is an immovable knot, although the ancient famous general, why add!"
Therefore, he was sealed in the Forbidden Yishou Pavilion. Subsequently, Yu Ban was repeatedly promoted, and with his powerful personality, he became the first general of Cao Cao's foreign surname, and became one of the few feudal officials who could hold the military power alone and pretend to be on one side.
However, in 219 AD, this seemingly powerful general failed to reflect the discipline that Cao Wei's elder chancellor should have in a key battle. During the Battle of Fancheng, torrential rain fell, trapping the Seventh Army led by Yu Forbidden in a flood. Guan Yu, on the other hand, piloted a warship and surrounded him with 30,000 people.
Later, Yu Ban ascended to the heights and knew that the general situation was gone, so he had to lead the Seventh Army and surrender to Guan Yu, so that the latter could "threaten Huaxia". Contrary to Yu Ban, Pound, who had just surrendered, preferred to die unyieldingly and was eventually killed by Guan Yu. I don't know if it was not out of the affection of his former colleagues, Guan Yu was not embarrassed to be forbidden, but just took him into custody.
Just when Guan Yu's military achievements reached its peak, Eastern Wu Lü Meng crossed the river in white and attacked Nan Commandery without a fight. By December, Sima Mazhong, zhang, was given the title of Yu and his son Ping, the governor of Zhao Lei, and the governor of Jingzhou.
Later, Sun Quan arrived at Gangneung and personally released Yu Ban, who had been imprisoned for a long time. At this time, Eastern Wu had nominally submitted to Cao Cao. Therefore, Yu Ban is an ally for Sun Quan, at least on the surface.
Subsequently, Sun Quan invited Yu Ban to go with him and give him enough face. However, Sun Quan's courtesy to the forbidden caused dissatisfaction with his "horse boy" Yu Tuan. Yu Fang pointed at Yu Ban and scolded:
"Er, how dare you bow down with Wujun Qima?"
Subsequently, Yu raised his whip and was about to beat Yu Ban severely. From the heart, Yu Tuan's scolding of the forbidden naturally made Sun Quan secretly cool. But on the surface, it is still necessary to give the prohibition a little face. Therefore, Sun Quan reprimanded Yu Tuan and asked him to retreat.
Later, Sun Quan and his courtiers drank wine on the building ship, and Yu Ban also went to a banquet. At the banquet, Sun Quan deliberately let the musicians play the music of Yu Ban's hometown, and Yu Ban also gave face tears on the spot. When the big-mouthed Yu turned over this, he was angry and did not fight, and he cursed Yu Yu in disguise, hoping to seek Forgiveness from Sun Quan.
It can be said that Yu Ban was insulted in Sun Quan's place, and actually became a hostage and pawn in the game between Eastern Wu and Cao Wei. Later, before the Battle of Yiling, Sun Quan was given the title of "King of Wu of Great Wei" by Cao Pi. In order to show his sincerity, Sun Quan sent Yu Ban, who had been detained for more than 2 years, back to Cao Wei.
After answering Cao Wei, Cao Pi gently persuaded Yu Ban, who already had white hair and described it as dry, and said that the defeat of Fancheng was a natural disaster, not Yu Ban's fault. Therefore, he comforted him with the story of Xun Lin's father and Meng Mingshi and worshipped him as the general of Anyuan.
But did Cao Pi really forgive him? Not really. Soon after, Cao Pi sent an envoy to Eastern Wu. You must know that Yu Ban has just been released from Eastern Wu and is not the best candidate for envoys at all. In fact, Cao Pi sent Yu ban to Eastern Wu in order to humiliate and disgust him.
If it is said that when Yan Ban was an envoy of Eastern Wu, he secretly caused evil, then letting Yu Ban build Cao Cao's tomb is disgusting to Ban on the surface. According to the Zizhi Tongjian Wei Jiyi:
"The emperor envoy Yu Yu Ling painted Guan Yu Zhan Ke, Pound's anger, and forbidden surrender. Forbidden to see, ashamed to fall ill and die. ”
That is to say, Cao Pi deliberately let Yu Ban enter the tomb, and beforehand, he deliberately asked the painter to paint a mural: that is, after Guan Yu's victory, Pound Dening's heroic posture of not surrendering and Yu Ban's ugly state of surrendering on his knees. After seeing this painting, Yu Was forbidden to attack his heart, depression became a disease, and he died soon after.
In this regard, Sima Guang commented:
"There will be tens of thousands of people in the forbidden world, and they will not be able to die if they are defeated, and they will be born and surrendered to the enemy, and they will return." Emperor Wen abolished the keye, killed the keye, but painted the mausoleum house to humiliate it, Si is not a king! ”
Sima Guang's words were simply pointing at Cao Pi's nose and scolding. In his opinion, Yu Ban, as the main general, surrendered to the enemy army, and could not die, and indeed should be killed. When Yu Ban returned from Eastern Wu, Cao Pi could kill him or depose him, but why paint in the mausoleum disgusting him?
Therefore, Sima Guang commented that Cao Pi was "not a monarch", that is, he did not look like a monarch at all. In fact, from our perception, Cao Pi is simply a typical example of yin and yang weirdness and narrow-mindedness. As a king, you must be atmospheric, say anything directly, and don't be disgusting.
In the Zizhi Tongjian, Cao Pi often did such disgusting things without the dignity of a king. For example, Cao Pi's cousin Cao Hong was very rich, but he was miserly. When Cao Pi was still a son, he borrowed money from Cao Hong, but was refused. After claiming the title of emperor, Cao Pi wanted to kill Cao Hong to vent his anger. In this regard, even Cao Pi's birth mother, Empress Bian, could not look down. And this may correspond to Liu Bei's evaluation of Cao Pi:
"Cao Pi usurped and established himself as emperor, and was a famous dog of the Dragon of Judah."
But is Cao Pi really a monarch without dignity, as Sima Guang portrayed? We don't know. But at least from the perspective of the situation of Cao Cao's tomb, Cao Pi was not so disgusted with the forbidden. And at least in this regard, Cao Pi has indeed been wronged for more than 1800 years.
After reading the story of Yu Ban and Cao Pi, I don't know if it inspires everyone. Even if you read the Zizhi Tongjian, you must read it with your brain, only in this way can you truly appreciate the wisdom of Sima Guang. But before that, you must first read the Zizhi Tongjian. After all, in all the history books, the Zizhi Tongjian is almost a book that can comprehensively improve the quality of people in all aspects, and after reading it, it is equivalent to living for 1300 more years. We should read more and peruse it.
But for the general public, reading the text is still more difficult. Therefore, Tao Tao recommends a set of good books to everyone - "Vernacular Zizhi Tongjian". This set of books was co-translated in the 1980s by Huang Jinfeng, professor of Chinese language and doctoral supervisor of National Taiwan University, and a collection of 27 professors and scholars, which lasted for three years.
Because the scholars who compiled this book are all Guoxue masters, this set of books is by no means the Zizhi Tongjian that is shoddily made and carries private goods on the market now. Instead, it respects the original text, translates it word by word, and adds no more than one word, so as to get close to and restore the original meaning of the "Zizhi Tongjian". It is not explained by a "modern vision", and it is even more uneven. As a history lover, it is very cost-effective to start this set, because this set of activities in the headlines, a set of ten books, the original price of 498, now the headline readers as long as 208, it can be said that it is very valuable. You can click on the link below to purchase. The previous 13,000 copies were sold out, and now a new batch is added, and the quantity is not much, and it is almost out of stock:
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