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Welcome party after Gao Shuxun's uprising
On October 30, 1945, Gao Shuxun led the New Eighth Army and more than 10,000 people of the Hebei Nationalist Army to declare the Line of Fire Uprising in Matou Town, declaring that they would break away from the Kuomintang camp.
On November 1, Gao Shuxun and his troops left Matou Town and went to the area around Boyan Town in Wu'an County to rest and replenish.
On November 2, Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu sent a telegram to Gao Shuxun to congratulate him on the uprising, and the full text of the congratulatory telegram read: "General Jianhou Wu Brother Xunjian: Brother Wen Wu led the uprising, opposed the civil war and advocated peace, all those who belong to the flesh and blood, they all support it with different voices, and send special telegrams to congratulate him, that is, song to Sui'an!"
On November 4, in an interview with a Xinhua reporter, Gao Shuxun exposed Chiang Kai-shek's plot to annex the Liberated Areas in the name of "reunification" and expounded the reasons for the uprising, Saying: "The Kuomintang's propaganda to the outside world is to ask us to surrender to the north and restore transportation, but the actual order given to us is to go north to suppress the bandits, and when we arrived in Xinxiang, the central authorities also issued a "Handbook for Suppressing Bandits.", and these actions are completely contrary to the will of all our soldiers... If the Kuomintang does not change its current policy, the Kuomintang will ruin its future. ”
For Chiang Kai-shek, who was preparing to launch a full-fledged internal campaign, the news of The Gao Shuxun uprising was like a thunderbolt on a sunny day, and Chiang did not hesitate to distort the facts to block the news of the uprising. On 8 November, the Kuomintang Central News Agency spread rumors in the name of a spokesman for the Central Military Commission: "On the night of 31 October, Gao Shuxun was captured by the communists in Matou Town, north of Ci County, and Gao Shuxun had completely lost his freedom."
What are the names of the troops who came from gao shuxun's uprising? Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping and pointed out: Because Wang Jingwei had used the name of the Peaceful Founding Army, the high department should use the People's Founding Army, or the Democratic Founding Army, or other names, or still use the old name of the New Eighth Army.
On November 10, the inaugural meeting of the Democratic Founding Army was solemnly held in Boyan Town, Wu'an County, at the foot of the Taihang Mountains, and Gao Shuxun was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Democratic Construction Army, Wang Dingnan as the director of the General Political Department, Fan Longzhang as the commander of the First Army, and Qiao Mingli as the commander of the Second Army.
Gao Shuxun inspected the streets of the Taihang base area
Back at the station, Gao Shuxun was still immersed in joy, and when he saw Li Da, he solemnly made a request to join the Communist Party. A few days later, Gao Shuxun met with Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, and Bo Yibo, and once again raised the issue of asking to join the party. On November 13, 1945, with the approval of the Secretariat of the Cpc Central Committee and introduced by Deng Xiaoping and Bo Yibo, Gao Shuxun gloriously joined the Communist Party of China.
Regarding the Gao Shuxun uprising, Mao Zedong pointed out by telephone: "Matou Town is very close to Handan, and Handan is a famous historical city, so it can be called the Handan Uprising. ”
On November 12, 1945, when presiding over the enlarged meeting of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee, Mao Zedong said: "Chiang Kai-shek has two basic weaknesses. The Gao Shuxun uprising had a great impact, and the uprising was widely spread and has now been celebrated everywhere. Mao Zedong personally drafted a document calling for "a campaign to study Gao Shuxun." He clearly pointed out: "Prepare and organize uprisings from within the Kuomintang and carry out the Gao Shuxun campaign, so that a large number of Kuomintang troops will follow Gao Shuxun's example at the critical juncture of the war, stand on the side of the people, oppose civil war, and advocate peace." Mao Zedong also proposed: "In order to make this work effective and effective quickly, all localities must set up special departments in accordance with the instructions of the central authorities, dispatch a large number of cadres, and concentrate on this work." The leading organs in all localities should give close guidance. ”
Gao Shuxun wrote an inscription for the People's Daily
After the uprising, Gao Shuxun was very satisfied with his simple and close to the masses of his new life, he said to the American journalist Jack Belden: "Everything here is very different, in the Chiang Kai-shek district, the social classes are clearly hierarchical. ...... It only depends on how much money you have, how big an official you are, what kind of mansion you live in..."
Gao Shuxun also published an article in the People's Daily entitled "A Review of the Past Year", saying: "During the Handan Uprising, this army declared the three major propositions of peace, democracy, and a coalition government, and vowed to fight to the end for building an independent, free, democratic, happy, and three-people's new China... The ideal of the Three People's Principles can only be implemented in the Liberated Areas, carried forward and expanded." Gao Shuxun also entrusted people to bring a message to other Kuomintang generals, hoping that these Kuomintang generals would follow their example and break away from the reactionaries.
On December 15, 1945, Mao Zedong drafted instructions for the CPC Central Committee to the Party: "It is necessary to prepare and organize uprisings from within the Kuomintang army and carry out the Gao Shuxun movement so that a large number of Kuomintang troops can stand on the side of the people at the critical juncture of the war and follow Gao Shuxun's example, oppose civil war, and advocate peace."
On November 1, 1946, the People's Daily of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu edition published an article by Commander-in-Chief Zhu De entitled "Wishing Gao Shuxun the First Anniversary of the Uprising", which wrote: "In the past year, in addition to the uprising of General Gao Shuxun, there have been countless other similar events, forming a trend. The insurrectionary army reached twenty percent of Chiang Kai-shek's total strength, and they did not want to be the subjugated slaves of American imperialism and the caretaker dogs of the four major chaebol families of Chiang Kai-shek, Song, Kong, and Chen. The Gao Shuxun movement has become the banner of all patriotic officers and men in the Kuomintang army, navy, and air force, and has become one of the important factors for the people to defeat the reactionaries in the war of self-defense and achieve independence, peace, and democracy. ”
Regrettably, with the change of the situation, the fate of the Democratic National Construction Army has been reversed.
In order to build the Democratic Construction Army into a new type of army, the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region sent a group of political work cadres to the army to establish a political work system. Instead of following the CPC Central Committee's policy toward insurrectionists, these political work cadres helped everyone to gradually accept the Communist Party's propositions, but adopted a "Left" closed-door attitude, winning over the subordinates to exclude the superiors, encouraging the soldiers to oppose the officers, and eventually developing into a whole person. Some political work cadres have poor quality, cheated in order to ask for merit and rewards, and gradually pushed things to the extreme, resulting in a "mutiny."
In June 1947, the Nationalist army, which had fought a one-year civil war, was greatly weakened, but Chiang Kai-shek's key offensive against the Liberated Areas continued. Under these circumstances, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to carry out a nationwide counteroffensive, that is, to fight the main force to the outer line and lead the war to the Kuomintang-controlled areas. According to this, the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region concentrated all the main forces and formed the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th Columns of the Field Army, and leapt thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains.
After Liu Deng's army and Chen Xie's army marched south, only a small number of regular troops and local armed forces were left on the Taihang Mountains, and Xu, who had not yet fully recovered from illness, was appointed as the first deputy commander of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region, Teng Daiyuan was appointed deputy commander, and Bo Yibo was appointed deputy political commissar, and jointly presided over the work.
The "mutiny" of the Democratic National Construction Army appeared in this context.
At the end of 1946, a so-called "secret agent case" occurred in the Democratic Construction Army. At that time, because of the difficulty in the supply of troops, the troops were allowed to engage in some long-distance trafficking, mainly engaged in cloth and daily necessities. A security cadre saw a company commander of the Democratic Jianguo Army holding up three fingers to a businessman at the Changzhi Bazaar, saying that he was sending a secret message to the secret agent and arresting him. After severe torture, he extorted confessions, beat them into confessions, and confessed to a number of "collaborators with the enemy," including some battalions and regimental cadres of the Democratic Construction Army, as well as higher-level leaders. These people were successively sent to a training class in Shenquan Village, Lucheng County, for interrogation. With the severe torture, the scale of forced confessions has been continuously expanded, and a large number of "collaborators with the enemy" have been confessed, and the military positions have become higher and higher, stirring up rumors in the democratic and nation-building army, and the officers and men are panicked.
Coincidentally, during this period, at the headquarters of the Democratic Jianguo Army, Wang Zhuang, there were indeed Kuomintang agents to plot a rebellion. The former commander of Gao Shuxun's division sent a letter from Xi'an to him, asking him to "abandon the dark and cast the light." Gao Shuxun sent the letter to Xu Xiangqian and then guarded the people. Unexpectedly, this person escaped in the middle of the night. Therefore, some people suspect that Gao Shuxun deliberately let go. Then, the leaders of the military region designated Xing Zhaotang, who was then gao Shuxun's deputy commander, to follow Gao Shuxun every day and keep a close watch.
Later, Kuomintang agents stepped up their counter-activities, and the rear of the Taihang Mountains was empty, and the atmosphere became more and more tense. Under the complicated situation, the leaders of the military region came to the conclusion: "Hao Pengju has rebelled, and we must also attack Gao Shuxun first and fight the initiative battle." ”
Hao Pengju, the leader of the military region, was originally the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang's newly organized 6th Route Army. In January 1946, with the mediation of Liang Shuming and others, Chen Yi, commander of the New Fourth Army, sent underground agent Zhu Kejing (Hao Pengju's classmate in the Soviet Union) to plot an uprising against Hao Pengju. After the uprising, Hao Peng's department was reorganized into the "Central China Democratic United Army" and stationed in Ganyu County. However, Hao did not sever contact with the Nationalist government, but secretly planned to re-surrender to the Nationalist government and entrap Chen Yi and others. After the trap failed, Hao Pengju arrested Zhu Kejing in January 1947 and again announced his membership in the National Revolutionary Army, where he was appointed lieutenant general commander of the 42nd Group Army. However, his troops were immediately completely wiped out by the New Fourth Army in the Battle of Baitabu, and Hao was also captured. In May 1947, Chiang Kai-shek launched a major offensive against the Shandong Liberated Area, and the Lunan organs were transferred to the Bohai Naval Region, and Hao Pengju was escorted along. Hao thought the time had come again and looked for an opportunity to escape. One day, when the troops withdrew to the Xiaoqing River to prepare to cross the river, they were suddenly bombarded by Kuomintang aircraft. Hao Pengju jumped up and fled while everyone was hiding, and was shot and killed by the accompanying soldiers of the New Fourth Army.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > defection, re-defection Hao Pengju, the only nationalist general in the Liberation War who was captured and executed</h1>
In the early morning of June 14, 1947, the headquarters of the Democratic Construction Army was studying. Suddenly, gunfire rang out in the direction of Gao Shuxun's residence. Political workers from the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region led a regiment to capture Gao Shuxun.
Gao Shuxun was walking in the courtyard when he suddenly heard the sound of gunfire outside coming from far and near. The guard regiment did not understand the situation and engaged in a shootout with the troops who captured Gao Shuxun. A few minutes later, the guard regiment heard the leadership of the Political Department shouting and stopped shooting.
Gao Shuxun heard the gunshots, did not know what was happening, and quickly ran from the courtyard to the reception room to make a call, shaking for half a day without sound, knowing that the telephone line had been cut. The guards in the courtyard heard the shouts outside, and they all pulled out their guns and prepared to return fire, and Gao Shuxun ordered: "No shots are allowed, no one is allowed to shoot!" Only then did the guards put down all their guns.
The gunshots were so close that Gao Shuxun's daughter Gao Jifang was stunned by the sudden event, sat motionless on the kang, and almost cried. At this time, Gao Shuxun came in and told her to crouch under the edge of the kang, afraid that the bullets that came in would hit her daughter. As soon as Gao Jifang squatted down, a group of political work cadres ran into the courtyard with guns and ordered Gao Shuxun and the nanny to go to the backyard. Gao Shuxun returned to the backyard house, uneasy about his daughter, and said to a cadre-like person: "My daughter Gao Jifang is squatting in the front yard house, let her come in." ”
The cadre hesitated for a moment and took Gao Jifang to the reception room. In this way, 3 people were silent, sitting from more than 7 o'clock in the morning to 6 or 7 o'clock in the evening. During this period, Gao Shuxun asked the soldiers standing guard for letters and envelopes, and wrote several letters, the content of which was roughly the same, and were written to the superior leader and zhang Lizhi, director of the political department. On each letter was written the words "I will not change my heart and want to revolutionize to the end." Every time a letter was written, it was thrown at the door and sent away by the warriors.
At about 6 p.m., Shi Lei, the lover of Zhang Lizhi, director of the Political Department, came in, and she said that Zhang Lizhi was "sick" and could not come. After asking, knowing that they had not eaten for a day, they informed the kitchen to cook. After eating, Gao Shuxun's daughter Gao Jifang proposed to go back to school, and Shi Lei immediately found a wooden wheeler to send her back to school.
The next day, Gao Shuxun and his wife were escorted to Yetao Village, Wu'an County, Hebei Province, where the military region was stationed, to continue their examination. The political workers who arrested Gao Shuxun exaggerated in their report to the military region: "... After the battle, Gao Shuxun was disarmed. ”
The Jin-Hebei Luyu Military Region quickly reported the situation to the CPC Central Committee, and Mao Zedong called back: Gao Shuxun's Handan uprising was meritorious and his personal safety must be guaranteed. In this way, Gao Shuxun's life was finally saved.
What is sad is that during this period, Wang Dingnan, a CPC agent who had made great contributions to the neutrality of the anti-Gao Shuxun uprising, was also suddenly tied up and sent to the Shenquan training class, forcing him to admit to "participating in the Gao Shuxun rebellion." Wang Dingnan died without admitting it, and the interrogators said that he was not honest, hung him on the beam of the house, took turns to beat him for 56 days, killed and activated with water, activated and beaten again. Wang Dingnan insisted that there was no such thing, and said loudly: "I want to appeal to the Party Central Committee!" Because of his "stubbornness," he was held for six years until he was released from Beijing prison in 1953.
The case was very loud and quickly spread to the liberated areas and to the Kuomintang troops. The Kuomintang used this incident to publicize it, saying that this was the end of the rebellion. Excerpt from Dai Yugang's book "The Secret War of Taihang".
Taihang Secret War dai Yugang published by Times Media Publishing Group