Yang Kaihui
In the early morning of November 14, 1930, He Jian, the commander of the "Murderous Devil" and the "Qingxiang" commander of Hunan, summoned his own special service battalion, and he ordered the fourth company and two platoons of the special service battalion to carry out a mission to shoot Mao Zedong's wife, Yang Kaihui.
The agents of the fourth company and the second platoon quickly set off with live ammunition, and they went directly to the Si ban bay army prison bureau to prepare to escort Yang Kaihui to the execution car. Yang Kaihui knew that his last moment had arrived, when 8-year-old Mao Anying burst into tears. Yang Kaihui, who has experienced many times of torture without frowning, but in front of the child, he finally shed tears.
Yang Kaihui bent down and hugged Mao Anying and said to him: "My dearest child, if you see your father in the future, tell him that I have not done anything to be sorry for the party, saying that I miss him very much, I can no longer help him, please take more care of him..."
Yang Kaihui said, "Shore Ying, you must learn to be strong. Mom will always love you and your brothers, and when you grow up, you must listen to your father's words, feel sorry for him, and be filial to him. You are a brother, take good care of your brothers, so that I will be very happy under the Nine Springs..."
After putting down Mao Anying, Yang Kaihui turned her head to Chen Yuying, the nanny who was arrested together, and said: "Sister-in-law Sun, thank you for all these years, my 3 children are still young, they are all runzhi's flesh and blood, you and Shore Ying must find a way to get out." Children you take care of more, they grow up, everything will be fine. ”
Yang Kaihui is in prison
Chen Yuying cried, and the other cellmates also shed tears. Yang Kaihui looked at everyone reluctantly, and suddenly she shouted loudly: "Comrades, farewell forever!" I firmly believe that the revolution will be victorious one day, and you should take care of yourself! ”
"Don't go yet!" The agent roared viciously. Yang Kaihui was handcuffed and her hands were tied behind her back, and she was escorted to the "Law Hall" of the "Qingxiang" headquarters in Jiaoping. Li Qiong, the chief of law enforcement, roared: "Ask you again, are you still unwilling to disassociate yourself from Mao Zedong?" If you don't want to, today is your death! ”
Yang Kaihui replied in a contemptuous tone: "You dream! Let me disconnect from Mao Zedong unless the sea withers and the sun comes out of the west! Li Qiong continued to ask: "You have to think clearly, you have an old mother and several children below, you are so young, are you not afraid of death?" "You don't have to worry about this, I said it before I should have said it!"
"Good! Do you still have any last words? Say it quickly, so get on the road as soon as possible! "There is only one sentence, I am not sorry to die, but I hope that the revolution of Run will succeed as soon as possible." Li Qiong was completely enraged, and he first took out a "verdict" and read it to Yang Kaihui and sentenced him to execution. Immediately afterward, Li Qiong ordered someone to insert a sign with the words "Prisoner Yang Kaihui" on Yang Kaihui's body.
The agents did not know where to find a rickshaw, and they escorted Yang Kaihui to the car. The firing squad came out of the "Qingxiang" headquarters, passed through Beizheng Street, Nanzheng Street, and finally came to the Literacy Ridge Execution Ground outside Liuyang Gate. Walking in the front of the secret agents Tan Qingyun and Tang Dongchu, the execution car was followed by the prison officer Yan Guowu and Zhong Luqian of the "Qingxiang" headquarters.
The enemy arrested the Communists
Then behind were Luo Guolin, Yao Chuzhong, Huang Zhengbang, Shuai Baoyun and others who were in charge of the scene vigilance, these agents had their hands stained with blood and had previously shot and killed a large number of communists and revolutionary masses. After Yang Kaihui was escorted to the execution site, because there was a notice the day before, many people came to watch, and Yan Guowu ordered a public demonstration for an hour.
An hour passed quickly, and Yang Kaihui was escorted to a place with a higher ground. The agents forced Yang Kaihui to kneel, and Yan Guoguo shouted: "Shuai Baoyun, you go to execute the execution!" Shuai Baoyun showed a fierce expression and stepped forward to shoot Yang Kaihui directly in the back...
With the sound of gunfire, Yang Kaihui fell down in response. After the agents left, the onlookers gradually dispersed, and they had already seen such a scene. Around noon, Yan Guowu was drinking and eating with several of his men, when suddenly a guard came running up to him and whispered in his ear: "There is a notice from above, saying that the woman was not killed in the morning!" ”
Yan Guowu was furious and immediately ordered, "Is there any reason for this!" Deputy Eye Yao Chuzhong, you go to mend the gun! Yao Chuzhong drank a glass of wine and yelled, "Come and let two people go with me!" After saying that, the three men went straight to the execution ground. At this time, Yang Kaihui was facing down, his body was curled up, the ground under him had long been stained red with blood, and the wounds on his body were still bleeding.
Yang Kaihui's mouth was full of mud and sand, and her hands were inserted into the soil, obviously she was suffering from great pain, but there was still a faint breath in her nostrils. Yao Chuzhong fired a direct shot at Yang Kaihui's head... Everyone remembers the name Yao Chuzhong, and will talk about this murderer later.
Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui
This year, Yang Kaihui was 29 years old. This year, Yang Kaihui and Mao Zedong were 3 years apart. If Yao Chuzhong had not made up one shot, and the previous two shots had not injured the fatal place, as long as yang Kaihui could be rescued in time, perhaps Yang Kaihui might have survived. Two questions? What happened to the executioner Yao Chuzhong in the end? Why was Yang Kaihui separated from Mao Zedong? Let's start with the second question.
At the end of 1920, Yang Kaihui and Mao Zedong married. The two decided to marry "not to be a layman", Yang Kaihui did not ask for a bride price, did not sit in a flower palanquin, and even the marriage room was rented. On that day, Mao Zedong used 6 silver dollars to invite a group of friends to eat a table, which was considered a wedding ceremony between the two.
Yi Lirong, who worked with Mao Zedong in the revolution, recalled in his later years: "When Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui got married, they were very pitiful at that time, and only bought a wooden bed and a table. After Yang Kaihui became pregnant, Mrs. Yang (referring to Yang Kaihui's mother Xiang Zhenxi) moved in. ”
Before and after the marriage, it was the early party organization in Hunan, which was the busiest period of Mao Zedong. From 1921 to 1927, Yang Kaihui and Mao Zedong lived together for seven years, and the two had three children: Mao Anying, Mao Anying, and Mao Anyong.
Dry revolution means running east and west, but Yang Kaihui has no complaints or regrets, always following Mao Zedong around, during which he carefully takes care of Mao Zedong's diet and living, and helps Mao Zedong sort out various letters, manuscripts and other important documents day and night. Mao Zedong said more than once: "I, a good secretary, copied quickly and well." ”
Yang Kaihui cemetery
Yang Kaihui was carrying a box with him at that time, which looked like a jewelry box with earrings, rings, incense powder and other items, but inside were important documents, pens and inks needed by Mao Zedong to engage in the revolution. It was this box that Yang Kaihui regarded as important as life, and even took this box with him before he was arrested. For example, Mao Zedong's "Report on the Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan" has long been a household name, and there is a lot of yang Kaihui's painstaking efforts behind it.
Although very busy, Yang Kaihui and Mao Zedong also had a happy time. However, as Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei rebelled against the revolution one after another, a storm came. After the Nanchang Uprising on August 1, 1927, the Nationalist government in Wuhan showed its fangs, and Wang Jingwei directly issued a murderous order that "it is better to kill a thousand in vain than let one person slip through the net", frantically arresting and slaughtering communists and revolutionary masses.
Not only that, all peasant associations and revolutionary groups in wuhan were banned, which meant that the three towns of Wuhan had entered the "white terror". In this context, Yang Kaihui had already made the worst plan, and she asked someone to send Mao Anying, Mao Anqing and nanny Chen Yuying back to the countryside of Bancang in Changsha County first.
Mao was also facing a terrible situation, and the enemy was frantically searching for him. On August 7, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Hankou, a far-reaching meeting of our Party at a critical juncture, at which Mao Zedong was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee, and he proposed: "In the future, we must pay great attention to the military, and we must know that political power is obtained from the barrel of a gun." ”
On August 18, the reorganized Hunan Provincial Party Committee met at the Shen family house on the outskirts of Changsha to discuss the implementation of the new action strategy formulated by the "87 Conference" and formulated a plan for the autumn harvest uprising on the border of Xianggan and Gansu. Mao Zedong was now a central commissioner who would lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising.
The venue of the 1987 Conference
The Shen family house meeting is of great historical significance, and the participants did not dogmatically follow the instructions and decisions of the central authorities, but proceeded from the actual situation in Hunan Province, so as to correctly solve a series of major problems that the autumn harvest uprising was about to face. Plans for the Autumn Harvest Uprising had been decided, but Mao Knew That there would be a life-and-death struggle between the enemy and us.
At that time, shortly after Mao Anlong was born, Yang Kaihui was relatively weak and dangerous, so Mao Zedong decided to send Yang Kaihui and his child back to the countryside of Bancang first. Late one night at the end of August, Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui separated in the mountains behind the Yang house in Bancang, and this parting was a farewell. As for the specific day of the difference, there is no accurate statement so far.
After Mao Zedong left, Yang Kaihui quickly got in touch with the local underground party comrades in Bancang, and in addition to taking care of his three children, he has been secretly engaged in party organization activities. After the defeat of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong led the remnants up JinggangShan. Both Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui were eager to understand each other's situation.
Unfortunately, due to the enemy's frenzied massacre and destruction, the underground communication station in changsha was seriously damaged, and Yang Kaihui's letter could not be sent at all. In November 1927, Mao Zedong sent a letter from Jinggangshan, which contained the code word he had agreed with Yang Kaihui, to the effect that "I am doing business here, which was not smooth at first, and now I am thriving and making money, which can be comforting." ”
The address of the letter is: "Shengsheng Salt" on Xichang Street in Changsha City, Hunan Province, which is transferred by the owner to "Pancang Yangxiagu" to receive. The owner of the salt trumpet was a distant relative of Yang Kaihui, and Mao Zedong did not indicate the address of the reply because he was worried about exposing the address. When Yang Kaihui received this letter, more than half a year had passed, but he was still extremely excited.
Yang Kaihui's manuscript hidden in the cracks in the wall
Due to the enemy's frenzied blockade, Yang Kaihui never received a letter from Mao Zedong. For more than 1,000 days and nights, Yang Kaihui buried his thoughts deep in his heart. Under the dim kerosene lamp, Yang Kaihui wrote a number of letters, but unfortunately could not send a single one, and she finally hid them in the cracks in the bedroom wall, only to be discovered in 1982, when Mao Zedong had been dead for 6 years.
In March 1929, Yang Kaihui read from the Kuomintang newspaper that Zhu De's wife Wu Ruolan had been killed by the enemy, and her head had been cut off and hung at the gate of Ganzhou City. Yang Kaihui had a premonition that death was coming, and Yang Kaiming, who was the secretary of the CPC Xianggan Border Special Committee, was going to Shanghai to report to the Party Central Committee.
Yang Kaihui was ready to immediately write a letter to his cousin Yang Kaiming:
A brother: Dear a brother!
I am a weak person and still a weak person! It seems that it will never be stronger. I was crouched in a corner of the world, trembling and lonely! In this situation, I am always looking for my dependence, and you occupy a place in my heart. In addition, Ren, Xiu, who lives together, is also like you - you are standing in a row in my heart! I often prayed silently: I hope these few people will not be separated again!
I seem to have seen death—alas, its grim and serious face! When it comes to death, I am not afraid, and it can be said that I am happy. Only my mother and my little ones oh, I kind of pity them! And this emotion, haunting me very badly - the night before actually made me half asleep and half awake for a night! I have decided to entrust them, the children, to you, financially as long as their uncles are alive, they will not ignore them, and their uncles have a deep love for them.
If you really lose a mother, or even more a father, it is not the love of an uncle, it can be resisted, and it must be loved by all aspects of yours, so that it can grow naturally in the warm spring, and not be attacked by the wind and rain!
This one testament-like letter, you will definitely blame me for being neurotic when you see it? Somehow, I always felt that on my neck, it was as if a poisonous snake-like rope had flown up from the god of death, wrapping me around me, so I couldn't help but make preparations! I wish you all the best!
Yang Kaihui's bedroom
Yang Kaiming died in Changsha in February 1930. Yang Kaihui was disappointed again, how many times she hid in the bed and cried bitterly, and she pinned her thoughts on Mao Zedong in the manuscript hidden in the cracks in the wall, including the letter to her cousin Yang Kaiming that resembled a "letter to orphans".
In the early morning of October 24, 1930, the "Qingxiang" team members rushed into the Yang House in Bancang, arrested Yang Kaihui, Mao Anying, and nanny Chen Yuying, and escorted them to Changsha for detention. After Yang Kaihui was arrested, her relatives also tried their best to rescue her, especially her brother Yang Kaizhi was the most active and tried everything to save her sister.
Yang Kaizhi asked his father Yang Changji's old friends Zhang Shizhao, Cai Yuanpei, Tan Yanmin, and other celebrities, who jointly sent a letter to the Kuomintang authorities in Nanjing, and as a result, the Nanjing Nationalist Government was forced to call He Jian under the pressure of public opinion, demanding that Yang Kaihui be treated leniently. He Jian said he could let go of Yang Kaihui, provided she had to publicly announce her disassociation from Mao.
Yang Kaihui directly refused, so we saw the scene mentioned at the beginning of this article, He Jian ordered Yang Kaihui to be shot. After Yang Kaihui's sacrifice, his relatives transported the body back to Bancang overnight and buried it on a hillside not far from his former residence. A month later, Mao Zedong read the news of Yang Kaihui's sacrifice in the newspaper.
Mao Zedong immediately wrote a letter to Yang's family, in which he wrote: "Kaihui's death is irreparable. Mao Zedong also sent 30 silver dollars for Yang Kaihui to repair the tomb, and the tombstone was engraved with the words "Mao Mother Yang Kaihui's Tomb Male Shore Ying Shore Shore Green Shore Dragon Carving The Nineteenth Year of the Republic of China Winter Standing." ”
Chairman Mao was with the children
After Yang Kaihui's sacrifice, Mao Zedong did not come out of his grief for a long time. In the winter of 1930, in order to commemorate Yang Kaihui, Mao Zedong had not written poetry for a long time, and he created "Butterfly Love Flower Xiang Bancang":
The light faded away, and the ten thousand arrows piercing the heart were not as bitter as this. I will not be able to redeem myself until the Nine Springs are ashamed of Ru. No feeling of frost wind erosion bone, this life is difficult to vomit with outsiders. The mournful song urged the war drums, and the swords and guns were raised to the enemy.
The song was dusty for 83 years and was not made public until 2014. After reading the whole poem, people burst into tears, which shows the depth of Mao Zedong's affection for Yang Kaihui. After the founding of New China, Mao Zedong never forgot Yang Kaihui, and on many occasions mentioned the bits and pieces of his life with Yang Kaihui.
In 1950, a relative came to Beijing, Yang Kaihui's cousin Yang Kaiying. Mao Zedong took the time to meet Yang Kaiying, and when he saw Yang's family, he felt particularly happy. Mao Zedong said affectionately: "Kaiying, your sister Xia has a child who died heroically around her. It's hard to come by! Soon, Mao Zedong sent Mao Anying back to Changsha to wish his grandmother a happy birthday, and also asked him to go to Bancang to visit his mother's grave.
In May 1957, when Mao Zedong wrote a letter to Li Shuyi, the widow of his former friend Liu Zhixun, he wrote the famous poem "Butterfly Loves Flowers and Answers Li Shuyi":
I lost pride in Yang Jun and lost willow, and Yang Liu flew straight up to the heavy Xiao Jiu. Asking Wu Ganghe everything, Wu Gang held out osmanthus wine. Lonely Chang'e Shu wide sleeves, long miles in the sky and dance for loyal souls. Suddenly reported that the human world had ambushed the tiger, and the tears flew down as a downpour.
"Butterfly Love Flower Answer Li Shuyi"
The first sentence of the word is "I lost my pride and Lost Willow", and when I first saw this word, I was moved by this sentence. After reading it, many people think that this sentence is not inferior at all compared with the "Ten Years of Life and Death and Two Vastnesses" in the Song Dynasty great literary scholar Su Shi's "Dream of the Twenty Days and Nights of the Twenty-Day Of the First Month of Jiang chengzi".
Shortly after the poem was written, Mao Zedong received his nanny Chen Yuying in Beijing. The two met again after a gap of 30 years, and they inevitably talked about Yang Kaihui's sacrifice, and Mao Zedong once again learned more about Yang Kaihui's sacrifice process with Chen Yuying. After listening to Chen Yuying's description, Mao Zedong sighed and said:
"Alas, Kaihui was actively advocating armed struggle at that time. The Yang family's favor to me is great, and Kaihui is a heroic sacrifice. Seeing you now is like seeing Kaihui. You will be my family in the future, and I hope that you will come to Beijing often and sit with me. ”
At first, the executioners who participated in Yang Kaihui's murder were missing. But Yao Chuzhong's fate was exactly in response to that sentence, and Skynet was restored without leakage. After liberation, Yao Chuzhong changed his name and surname, but he still could not escape the ascension, he was imprisoned, because he could not find evidence of his crime for a while, he could only be sent to participate in reform.
In 1970, Yao Chuzhong, who had been building a new farm in Huarong County, Yueyang City, for many years collapsed, and he could not bear the torture of conscience, voluntarily surrendered himself, and confessed to the farm leaders that he was the murderer of Yang Kaihui. After interrogation, Yao Chuzhong explained in detail the whole process of killing Yang Kaihui that year.
Chairman Mao and Li Shuyi
Yao Chuzhong revealed that it was this shot he fired at Yang Kaihui's head that made Yang Kaihui have no breath... Here is an interjection, at present, the process of Yang Kaihui's sacrifice that everyone has seen is basically a confession from Yao Chuzhong. At this point, 40 years after Yang Kaihui was killed, the cause of death finally came out.
Since then, the case-handling personnel have repeatedly investigated and collected evidence to confirm that it is correct, and Yao Chuzhong's fate can be imagined. In July 1974, Yao Chuzhong was sentenced to death by the Liling County People's Court and immediately executed for counterrevolutionary homicide.
I would like to pay tribute to the martyr Yang Kaihui with this article.