Author: Shi Qian
After receiving the report sent from Anyuan by Chairman Mao, the former secretary of the CPC Hunan Provincial Committee on September 5, 1927, the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee issued the "Order on capturing Changsha" on September 8 and quickly notified all localities:
"Order all localities to quickly mobilize, limited to the solar calendar on the 16th of this month will attack Changsha, seize the provincial capital, and establish the Hunan branch of the Chinese Revolutionary Committee."
"Hit Changsha!" Capture Tang Shengzhi alive! "With a general offensive order from the Hunan Provincial Cpc Committee, the riot teams in Various Places in Anyuan, Xiushui, and Tonggu began to boil!" The banner of the First Division of the First Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was also set up by Comrades He Changgong and Yang Lisan!
The various rebel units were unified into the First Division of the First Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, with division commander Yu Shandu and deputy division commander Yu Jiemin. There were four regiments under its jurisdiction: the first regiment consisted of the former Wuhan National Government Guard Regiment as the backbone, composed of the Pingjiang, Chongyang, and Tongcheng Peasant Self-Defense Forces, and regimental commander Zhong Wenzhang; the second regiment, with the Anyuan Mining Corps as the backbone, composed of the Pingxiang, Liling, Anfu, Lotus, and Hengshan Peasants' Self-Defense Army, headed by Wang Xinya; the third regiment was based on the Liuyang Workers' and Peasants' Volunteer Courageous Brigade, plus one each of the guard regiment and the Pingjiang Peasant Army, with the regimental commander Su Xianjun; the fourth regiment was the remnants of Xia Douyin, and the regimental commander Qiu Guoxuan. The combined division totaled more than 4,000 guns, under the command of Chairman Mao, the former secretary of the party committee, and lu Deming, the commander-in-chief.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > first, the Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out</h1>
On September 9, Lu Deming presented the flag to the rebel troops in Xiushui County, and various places began to sabotage the railway, and the xianggan border autumn harvest uprising that shocked the whole country broke out!
On this day, a group took the lead in rioting. The commander-in-chief, Lu Deming, is dressed in a military uniform and has a ang instrument. The rebel officers and soldiers wore red belts around their arms. Heroic. The same enemy steam. After only hearing the division commander Yu Shandu's "take a breath", the troops turned their eyes to Lu Deming. Lu Deming immediately said loudly: "I have just received a letter from Chairman Mao, the former secretary of the Cpc Committee, from the head of the Tonggu Su Regiment, saying that the Hunan Revolutionary Committee has been established and ordering us to attack Changsha directly from the Pingjiang River. Now I announce: Brave Killer Award, Retreat Shrink kill! ”
The audience immediately shouted "Kill the enemy bravely!" "Kill Changsha!" "Long live the Autumn Harvest Riot!" A burst of slogans.
Facing the rising sun, the troops set out from Xiushui County and marched through Ma'ao, Zajin, Zhuxi Factory, Longmen, and Jinping to Pingjiang Changshou Street. On September 12, when the 1st Regiment and 2nd Battalion entered Jinping, qiu Guoxuan's troops of the 4th Regiment, which accompanied the 1st Regiment, suddenly defected and attacked the 1st Regiment and 2nd Battalion. The first regiment and the second battalion suffered heavy losses due to unpreparedness. "Fold the general before the division is successful", the regimental commander Zhong Wenzhang felt guilty in his heart and ran away and disappeared. After the division headquarters caught up, Lu Deming immediately made a decision, led his troops to retreat, and the border of Liu moved closer to the three regiments.
On September 10, the second regiment set out from the Anyuan Zhangjia Ancestral Hall, divided into two roads, and advanced into Pingxiang. Due to the enemy's increase in troops, the siege of the city was not conquered. On the morning of the 11th, the second regiment took Laoguan by train, and the next day, under the joint efforts of the local masses and peasants, they captured Liling, opened the prison, released the prisoners, and together with the Liling County Party Committee, established the Liling County Revolutionary Committee in Xingxiantang. On the 19th, the changsha defenders sent two battalions of Zhang Guowei's army to counterattack Liling, and the second regiment immediately withdrew from Liling and attacked Liuyang. On the 15th, with the cooperation of the local peasant self-defense army, the second regiment captured the county seat of Liuyang. On the 16th, Liling pursued the enemy and launched a surprise attack on Liuyang. The second regiment was victorious in successive battles, paralyzed the enemy, neglected to take precautions, rushed to battle, and lost most of its troops. During the breakout, the commander of the regiment, Wang Xinya, was unknown, so Pan Xinyuan collected the remnants of 120 guns, retreated to the rock near Wenjia City, and dispersed again.
On September 11, under the direct leadership of Chairman Mao, the three regiments raised the uprising flag in Tonggu County. The troops set out from the Xiao Family Ancestral Hall where Tonggu was stationed and advanced toward Baisha in Liuyang; according to the report of the reconnaissance personnel, although there were not many enemies defending Baisha, the terrain was unfavorable to me, and it was easy to defend and difficult to attack. Therefore, the three regiments of soldiers in the trench stream at Eight Huali of Baisha were divided into three routes: Zhang Ziqing was the left wing and took the Jinkeng to intercept the enemy's retreat; Tang Caizhi led his troops to wedge in from the front; the rest were the right wing, taking the crossing ridge to occupy the commanding heights. After the three regiments launched the attack. Baisha could not resist the enemy and fled to the East Gate.
The three regiments took advantage of the situation to pursue and captured the east gate on the 12th. The revolutionary army immediately launched propaganda, and for a while, the Zhangjiazui House, the Yaoqian Girls' School, and the He Family Ancestral Hall on Hebei Street presented a revolutionary atmosphere everywhere, "Down with the National Government!" "Down with the local tycoons and inferior gentry!" Red slogans are all over the station. On September 14, the enemy Zhou mourning camp counterattacked at the East Gate. At this time, due to the defeat of a regiment in Jinping, the right road lost its cooperation, and the enemy of Pingjiang also began to pounce on the East Gate. In order to preserve his strength, Chairman Mao asked Su Xianjun to lead the troops to retreat, and the troops retreated to Shangping via jumping stones and Changmaogang.
At this point, although the three men and horses of the First Division of the First Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army fought some victorious battles in the uprising, once conquering Liling, Liuyang, Baisha, and Dongmen, they all suffered serious losses: one regiment lost at Jinping, the second regiment collapsed in Liuyang, and the third regiment suffered setbacks at Dongmen. At this time, "the military might was not strong" and "the government collapsed and could not form an army."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > Second, at the critical moment, Chairman Mao tried to turn the tide</h1>
It is really unfavorable, what if you did not expect to fly? ...... Pain and anxiety tormented Chairman Mao. Where are the remnants going? How to confess to the "Father and Elder of Jiangdong"? At this moment, Chairman Mao really had a bit of Guan Yu walking in Maicheng.
The vicissitudes of the sea are crossed, and the true colors of heroes are revealed. At this critical moment when the whole army was facing annihilation, Chairman Mao held an emergency meeting of cadres at and above the three regiments and companies at the home of Chen Xiyu in Shangping Village on the evening of September 14, and Su Xianjun, Zhang Qilong, Peng Shangren, and Li Yunqi attended the meeting. Chairman Mao said at the meeting:
"Now the troops have suffered heavy casualties, and the regiment has also lost in Jinping." Changsha could no longer fight, and the troops changed their route and retreated to Pingxiang. ...... Tomorrow morning, the two groups will take the trail from the same place to Wenjia City to meet the division! ”
As soon as the meeting was over, Chairman Mao immediately wrote a text message with five times and sent a correspondent to send it to a group, asking Lu Deming to rush from Pingjiang to Wenjia City by shortcut. At the same time, Chairman Mao sent a letter to Changsha. He reported to the Hunan Provincial Cpc Committee the situation in which the main force of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was frustrated in Pingping and Liu, and suggested that the Provincial Party Committee immediately stop the riots in the provincial cities.
On this night, Chairman Mao stayed up all night at Chen Xiyu's house.
How could he sleep! He was heartbroken and restless, and after the three-way army had been successfully planned, Changsha was within reach, but he did not expect that after only four or five days of dispatching, he would collapse into an army. What's the problem? Was it a command failure? No, there is no big problem in the command here, and Lu Deming is also from the army and has a lot of experience. Is it poorly planned? Provincial Party Committee Meeting from Shen Family House. By the Time of the Anyuan Military Conference, the entire insurrection plan was involved.
There are no loopholes. Is it underpreparation? No, more than 4,000 people with guns, but also quite powerful, both the main force of the peasant army, but also the military armed forces, attacking several small counties should not be a problem. ...... The problem, it seems, is... Yu Shandu should not have recruited that Qiu Guoxuan, there was no defense against him; Wang Xinya was also too arrogant, too paralyzed, and really arrogant and defeated: Su Xianjun was fine, but he was a little unsteady. ......
In the morning light, Chairman Mao was mentally tired, closed his eyes slightly, and played in his chair for a while. A military trumpet was heard, urging people to assemble. Chairman Mao jumped up and walked toward the door.
The troops pulled out from Shangping and rushed towards Wenjia City.
Thus, the tide of the tide is turned upside down, and the tide is turned over to the upper plain.
The center and main thrust of the Shangping Conference was to withdraw from the army, that is, to abandon the military plan to attack Changsha and withdraw from Wenjia City. Shangping was the starting point of Chairman Mao's great decision to march into the countryside!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" >3, Luxi folding general</h1>
After Shangping tried to turn the tide of the crisis, Chairman Mao was still a little uneasy.
In the chaotic war, we must prevent accidents! On September 15, Chairman Mao led three regiments from Shangping to stay at the port of Tonggu in the evening. Along the way, Chairman Mao did not say a word and was still pondering bitterly. Did the group receive the order to meet in Wenjia City? Can Yu Shandu listen to the dispatch? What happened to Wang Xinya, and would he make another claim? Although it is the duty of soldiers to obey orders, after all, they are facing each other and do not have deep interactions! ...... After thinking about it, Chairman Mao decided to give another order, and sent it out to the people behind him with five times the grass:
"Why didn't you come for a long time?" It's a big mistake. Be sure to arrive at the port by tomorrow morning. Former Enemy Commission Mao Order. ”
However, a group still did not arrive at the port in the morning.
On the morning of the 16th, Chairman Mao led three regiments from Paibu and stayed in Zhangfang, Dongxiang, Liuyang, in the evening, preparing to march to Sun Jiayuan the next day.
At this time, there was a report that a group had already marched from Shanghong, Bundou, Fengjiazhuang, and in the direction of Sun Jiayuan.
Chairman Mao breathed a sigh of relief: A group has finally arrived!
On September 17, the first and third regiments met at Sun's house. For the first time, chairman Mao, Lu Deming, Yu Shandu, Yu Jimin, and Su Xianjun, members of the former COMMITTEE, gathered together and talked freely. The great difficulty does not die, and they meet in the smoke of war, and their joy and cordiality are indescribable. ...... The situation of the only two regiments is unknown, and there is no news, which is really worrying!
For two consecutive days (17th and 18th), the first and third regiments rested at Sun Jiayuan and waited for news from the second regiment. During this period, Chairman Mao held a meeting of the former committee to study the current situation of the troops and the issue of military operations, and to discuss "retreating to Shonan." At the same time, he sent people to the area around Yanqian to inquire about the news, look for the second regiment, and ask wang Xinya to lead his troops to Wenjia City to meet the division.
On September 19, the first and third regiments arrived in Wenjia City. At this time, the remnants of the Second Regiment (the remnants of the Second Battalion led by Wu Jie and the Anyuan Demolition Team led by Yang Ming) who had retired from the defeat in Liuyang on the 17th also rushed to Wenjia City on the news.
Wenjia City is boiling!
Wenjia City is a mountain town bordering Liuyang in Hunan Province with Wanzai, Yichun and Pingxiang in Jiangxi. It is located on the border, and the enemy whip is beyond reach. It is quite appropriate to choose this place as a gathering place for the three armies.
When the three armies assembled, only one of the original 4,000-strong rebel troops remained. The losses are heavy! In particular, the tragic situation of the defeat and collapse of the Second Regiment in Liuyang was even more stifling. ......
Night. The overtired warriors have fallen asleep, but the lights are bright in the Liren School. An extremely important meeting in the history of the Chinese revolution, the Wenjia City Former Committee Meeting, was held here.
The meeting was presided over by Chairman Mao, secretary of the former party committee. Lu Deming, Yu Shandu, Yu Guimin, Su Xianjun, and other former committee members, as well as principal responsible persons of the division and regiment, all attended the meeting. He Changgong and other staff.
The members of the former committee expressed their views on the issue of "advance" or "retreat, and engaged in a fierce debate.
Division Commander Yu Shandu advocated "attack." He said eloquently:
"Since the riot, the troops have suffered heavy casualties, but we still have strength. And a thousand people! Haven't lost a single soldier yet! I think I still have to fight, I have to attack. Didn't the central and provincial party committees want us to take Changsha? Once not done, fight again! There is no way out without fighting Changsha! The front committee should organize forces again to attack Liuyang. Straight to Changsha! ”
After Yu Shandu finished speaking, he glanced at Yu Guimin, the deputy division commander, and signaled him to take a stand.
Yu Didn't say a word.
Su Xianjun, the leader of the Third Regiment, looked frustrated and said, "Now the troops are very chaotic and their morale is low. Military might. You can't win the fight, you can't retreat, it's difficult to do! ......”
Lu Deming, the military commander-in-chief, calmly smoked a cigarette and set his sights on Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao vigorously advocated "retreat." He said: "I am not in favor of hitting Changsha again. Do we have to fight until we can't succeed? If so, why should he see Jiangdong's father and elder? Chairman Mao was a little angry at this time! Raised his voice: "Fight the dog against the wall!" At present, Zhang Guowei's two regiments are in Liuyang Tun Bing Jiancheng, and another regiment is stationed in Changshou Street, so we have this little bit of blood left, and we can't touch the stone with eggs. ”
Then Chairman Mao said, "Brother Shandu, now that the situation has changed, our plans will also change. We now need to recharge our batteries and preserve our strength in order to make a comeback! As Chairman Mao spoke, he took a map and pointed to the middle section of the Luoxiao Mountains and said, "It is really not possible, so we will go up the mountain and go to the place where the eyebrows are most thickly painted to become the 'King of the Mountains.'" ”
"What's the king of the mountains?" The revolutionary revolution went to the mountains to become a king, what is this called revolution? I don't know who was muttering angrily.
"No, we, the mountain king, are special mountain kings, the mountain kings led by the Communist Party who have the masters, policies, and methods, the revolutionary mountain kings, and the workers' and peasants' armed forces representing the interests of the people. ...... China's politics are not unified, its economic development is unbalanced, and there are many contradictions, so we must find places where the enemy is weak. For example, the middle section of the Luoxiao Mountains is a good place to go, the northern section is close to the Dajiang River, and there are three towns in Wuhan and the Nande Railway; in the southern section, the enemy's movement is more convenient and not good. What about the middle section? It is a combined part of the two provinces, the warlords of the two provinces have contradictions, each has its own strength, the revolution has an opportunity to take advantage of, and we have room for maneuver. ”
Chairman Mao talked nonchalantly, and the participants nodded their heads and said yes.
At this time, the commander-in-chief Lu Deming Huoran stood up and said, "Brother Run is right, and I fully agree with it." At present, the main traffic routes and large and medium-sized cities are not the places we occupy, and if we fight Changsha again, I am afraid that the whole army will be destroyed! ...... It's late, and it's almost dawn when it goes on. I think, let's raise your hand to vote, and please raise your hand if you agree with Runzhi's opinion! ”
Most of the comrades raised their hands and expressed their approval and support for Chairman Mao's correct propositions.
At a critical moment in history, they lifted up a mountain.
Chairman Mao finally announced: "Now the Former Enemy Committee has decided that in order to preserve its strength, it is necessary to withdraw to Pingxiang. Early tomorrow morning, the troops will retreat to Pingxiang. ”
About author:Shi Kui, history teacher at colleges and universities, history researcher. He has been cultivating the history of the Party, the Military and the History of War for a long time. History lovers are welcome to exchange criticisms.