<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="81" > Qianlong Liuxia Jiangnan New Commentary (5).</h1>
▓ Zhang Lantao
nineteen
Even in the vision of a country like Qianlong, Suzhou is not an ordinary place, "there is heaven on the top, suzhou and Hangzhou on the bottom", which is also the reputation of the Qianlong Emperor's heart.
As early as a year ago, the officials of Qianlong's first descent into Jiangnan informed the governors and governors of the provinces along the way, asking them to make preparations, what specifications of the buildings to be carried out, and what kind of reading effect to achieve, and to give them a clear explanation, just like the detailed instructions, and then wait for the acceptance of the Shangshu of the Ministry of Works, and then everything will be fine with the emperor.
Yin Jishan, the governor of Liangjiang at the time, in order to welcome Qianlong's southern tour, built a large number of civil engineering in Taihu Lake, built the Huxin Pavilion, although it is a pavilion, the Taige road is readily available, and the site is carefully selected, and the east and west mountains of Taihu Lake are surrounded by blue waves, and the lake is full of mountains and mountains. Viceroy Yin knew that Qianlong was very interested in the "Pavilion of Rest" in Yingpan, Yejia Village, Changzhou, so he estimated that Qianlong would praise the Taihu Lake "Huxin Pavilion" that he presided over.
Yin Jishan was a famous inspector and governor of the Qianlong Dynasty, as early as the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he entered the army and the first, could write poetry, was also good at books, understood architecture, successively served in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan and other places, and could assist in river defense, participate in military affairs, and had good political achievements, and has been used by the Yongzheng Emperor.
It is reasonable to say that "a gentleman of a dynasty and a courtier", after the death of Yongzheng, Yin Jishan was as much used by the Qianlong Emperor as always. During Qianlong's southern tour, Yin Jishan served as the governor of Liangjiang, and was the general person in charge of Jiangsu, Anhui, and Jiangxi at that time.
As a widow of the former dynasty, Yin Jishan was lucky, and he would naturally use a sense of gratitude to Dade in the construction of the Huxin Pavilion. Qianlong and his mother and his party came to Taihu Lake surrounded by courtiers and retinues, and Yin Jishan led the local officials to greet them, kneeling on the ground and shouting: "Long live, come here, please visit the Pavilion of the Heart of the Lake." ”
Qianlong saw that the old minister Yin Jishan was also among the kneeling worshippers, and immediately stepped forward to help him up and said, "You are the hero of your father and emperor, a person in your fifties, and you are still bowing and fulfilling your responsibilities for the Great Qing Society, how dare you accept your kneeling." ”
Almost at the same time as Yin Jishan stood up, Qianlong asked the local officials to also stand up and participate in the tour of the Huxin Pavilion together, enjoying the pleasant scenery of the water and white sails of Taihu Lake.
Qianlong and his mother visited the pavilion and praised Yin Jishan's ingenuity: "The governor has bothered, and the empress dowager and her mother are very satisfied with the construction of the Huxin Pavilion, and there are many skilled craftsmen in Jiangnan. ”
Yin Jishan returned to the emperor: "Long live, yes also, Jiangnan Kuluban." The queen mother said: "Jiangsu and Zhejiang have produced talents since ancient times, Governor Yin, you are a talent, and you have made the Huxin Pavilion so beautiful, but there is a reward." ”
Qianlong said to Yuan Ming, who was following alongside, "This Jiangsu and Zhejiang is Yuan Aiqing's hometown, can you recite the poems written by the first people on Taihu Lake and tell them to Empress Dowager Yuanhe and Governor Yin?" ”
Yuan Ming, like Ji Xiaolan, was Qianlong's beloved talent, and he did not sweep the emperor's happiness, but blurted out a Taihu poem written by the Huzhou poet Han Yi of the Yuan Dynasty: The shore turns to the green mountains and mangroves near / The boat shakes the blue waves and white gulls Ming / The song who sings the bending moon / As if Wu Nongzi is at night.
Ji Xiaolan said to Qianlong: "Long live, there are not many surviving poems of this Han Yi, just about twenty poems, this one is well written beautifully, singing fishing songs under the bending moon in the middle of the night, but there is a Jiangnan mood and mood."
Qianlong accompanied his mother to enjoy the pavilion and lake view, felt pleasing to the eye, he stood up from his chair, looked at the vast Taihu Lake, remembered the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi's "Wangdongting", his imperial voice, for the first time in the Jiangnan Pearl Taihu Lake reverberated and spread: lake light and autumn colors and / the pond surface without wind mirrors unpolished / remote view of the Dongting landscape green / a green snail in the silver plate.
Although Liu Yuxi's poem is written about the scenery of Dongting Lake on the hunan side, Qianlong believes that Taihu Lake is more beautiful than Dongting Lake, and it is not inferior to Dongting Lake, or even more so.
Knowing that the emperor and his mother were tired of visiting Taihu Lake, he said to Qianlong: "Long live, there are many scenic spots and monuments in Gusu, and we will accompany you and your mother to visit Hanshan Temple tomorrow and feel the mood of the passenger ship at midnight that night." ”
The next day, did Qianlong meet a highly learned abbot at Hanshan Temple?
twenty
Qianlong, his mother and his mother and a team of southerners came to the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ji in his "Fengqiao Night Berth" as "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City".
The abbot of the temple also received the notice in advance, and led the monks to sit on the ground with their hands folded, reciting the unified words taught by the local officials: "Amitabha, welcome to the Hanshan Temple." "This is the highest courtesy that Qianlong enjoys when he visits the south, except for officials, temples in various places are also required to perform sitting and praying when greeting the emperor, the difference is to distinguish officials from kneeling to the emperor.
The abbot saw the empress dowager and Qianlong walking together, just like the two brothers and sisters, both of them were beautiful melon face, delicate and white cheeks, shining in the warm spring sun, so hot and radiant.
The abbot said the same thing, Qianlong was only forty years old, and her mother was at most fifteen or sixteen years older than him. Besides, what kind of life the empress dowager spent in the palace, and the makeup and maintenance of rouge powder, how could she not be young?
Qianlong asked the abbot, "Monk, wasn't this Hanshan Temple originally called Fengqiao Temple?" Why was it called Hanshan Temple later? ”
Hanshan Temple IC photo
Liu Shi'an, Ji Xiaolan, and He Yan, who were walking in front of Qianlong's left and right, all knew about this matter, but they just wanted to listen to the answer given by the abbot to Banzai, whether they had the same statement as they had mastered.
The abbot told the Qianlong Emperor: "Amitabha Buddha, long live, this temple was built by Xiao Yan, the Emperor of Liangwu in the Southern Dynasty, and was built together with the Qixia Temple in Jiangning (Nanjing), the real name is Miaoli Puming Pagoda Temple, also known as Fengqiao Temple, long live is right. ”
Washu was a little anxious to hear this, so he said to the abbot, "You haven't answered The question of Banzai, so why did you change the name to Hanshan Temple later?" ”
The abbot replied, "Grandpa, I was about to say something when you interrupted me, and the old monk who asked the question of long live did not answer." ”
The empress dowager quickly interjected: "Senior monk, go straight down, we will all listen to you." ”
The abbot bowed to Qianlong's mother and said, "Amitabha, the empress dowager is on the top, during the Tang Dynasty's Zhenguan period, Chang'an sent a monk named Hanshan to preside over the fasting of Fengqiao Temple, coincidentally, Gusu also has a hanshan mountain, and then Fengqiao Temple is called Hanshan Temple."
The abbot nodded his head and said yes, almost in front of the Daxiong Treasure Hall, Qianlong said: "This cold mountain is not a cold mountain, and it is credible that the Fengqiao Temple changed its name because of a monk from a cold mountain, and the monk you are also credible." ”
After Qianlong and his party visited the remnants of the Daxiong Treasure Hall, the Tibetan Scripture Tower, the Bell Tower, the Frost Bell Pavilion and other monuments at Hanshan Temple, he suddenly remembered Xiao Yan, the Emperor of Liangwu, and said that he later became the emperor and gave way to his son Xiao Chen. He should have given way to Crown Prince Xiao Tong, but he died of illness after completing the compilation of the Selected Works of Zhaoming. Losing his son in old age may be the reason why Xiao Yan entered the Buddhist Gate in his later years?
Ji Xiaolan said: "Long live, if Xiao Yan did not enter the Buddhist Gate, we would not see the Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City today, and there would be no Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth", a poem that has been handed down through the ages. ”
Yuan Ming continued: "Even without the production of this poem written by Wei Yingwu in "Sending Heng Xuan", "Searching for the Autumn Grass Path alone/ Staying at Hanshan Temple at night". ”
Unconsciously, after most of the half-day tour, Qianlong and his mother were a little tired, and the 8-person sedan arranged by Hezhen carried Qianlong and his mother to the Gusu Weaving House for dinner and stationed there.
Shortly after Qianlong and his party left the Hanshan Temple, the abbot patted his thigh and became annoyed: "Why did you forget to ask the emperor to leave the ink treasure, how rare is this opportunity?" "Even the Qianlong Emperor is not willing to write a plaque for Hanshan Temple?" Facts have proved that qianlong went down to Jiangnan five times, and each time he also went to Gusu, he never came to Hanshan Temple again, and the emperor's only time of cherishing ink was like gold, so that the ancient famous temple won the first prize, and historians still have not figured out what the reason is.
Qianlong said to Hezhen, "Tomorrow, empress dowager and empress dowager will visit Gusu Tianping Mountain and inform the tourists concerned." ”
Will the Qianlong Emperor leave the ink treasure there?
twenty-one
Qianlong and his mother visited Gusu Tianping Mountain, and their position was much larger than that of him and his mother's queen visiting Hanshan Temple.
There are two main reasons for the study:
First, the ancestral emperor Kangxi also visited Tianping Mountain in the lower Jiangnan. Originally, this mountain was given to Fan Zhongyan by Emperor Zhao Zhen of Song Renzong and became the Fan family's private mountain. From the beginning of the qing dynasty, the former emperor Shunzhi worshipped Fan Zhongyan and set him up as a model of learning, hoping that the dynasty would continue to appear like Fan Zhongyan and make contributions to the Jiangshan Society. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty upgraded Fan Zhongyan from the Temple of Confucius and the Temple of The Emperors of previous dynasties to a comparable level of sacrifice. Therefore, when Kangxi visited Gusu Tianping Mountain, he inscribed a plaque with the inscription "Ji Shi Liang Xiang". Qianlong and his mother actually revisited Tianping Mountain in the footsteps of their grandfather.
Second, Qianlong traveled all the way south from Jingkou to Danyang, Changzhou, and Suzhou; his achievements in government affairs in Jiangnan were remarkable; he solved many problems reported by the people, and with reference to the opinions of his mother and queen, he beat up the board of petty thieves; he handled the bad incident of robbing people's wives and put them in prison cells as prisoners of the order; punished a number of corrupt officials; and brought the murderers to justice and never tolerated adultery. The reputation of Qianlong Mingjun is widely spread in the jiangnan folk.
Gusu Taiping Mountain Scenery IC photo
These reasons made Qianlong and his mother have a strong interest in visiting Tianping Mountain. On Tianping Mountain, Qianlong not only inscribed the plaque of "Chenhan", but also added a poem of five words and eight sentences, "Yong Fan Wen Zheng Gong Ancestral Hall":
Wen Zheng Ben Su Ren / Gu Shan Ancestral Hall Yu Xin / Qian Qiu Chuan Tree Industry / A Section of Mei Dun Lun / Wei Guo Zhen Confidant / Yi Wei Turned The Aftermath / Tianping Lin Cui Wat / Zheng Se Li Chao.
A mountain with an altitude of less than 200 meters, but it can get the deep love of the Qianlong Emperor, six times down the Jiangnan river four times to Tianping Mountain, not only because the mountain is lush and lush, but also because of the high and distant view, the entire Gusu City can be seen, and there is a joining of the humanistic elements of the Fan Gong Ancestral Hall, favored by Kangxi and Qianlong, making Tianping Mountain the "first mountain in Wuzhong" without suspense, famous and famous, the scenery of the four hours is different, and since then tourists are weaving and endless.
After Qianlong finished reciting the poem, he happily said to several courtiers: "You TianpingShan, the queen of Yuan, and his mother have written poems, don't you want to write a poem with the Secretaries of State?" ”
Ji Xiaolan walked close to the Qianlong Emperor before and after the saddle, knew the emperor's temperament best, knew that the emperor would come coldly, so he made preparations in advance, walked on the mountain path and began to ponder the whole sentence in his heart, he used the emperor's five words and eight sentences halved to make five words and four sentences, and recited it to the emperor and the empress dowager and other subordinates and retinues on the spot:
Tianping Fan Gong Ancestral Hall / Gu Su Yingjie Di / Tiger Hill back / Xu Men as the front hoof.
To tell the truth, Ji Xiaolan is worthy of being a literary scholar, these four sentences are not worse than the emperor, and their artistic conception is so high that Qianlong listened to it and counted in his heart. Therefore, Qianlong praised: "Ji Aiqing's four sentences, Liu Aiqing, Yuan Aiqing, let you also come to the sentence, happy and happy." ”
Qianlong's voice was about to fall, and Liu Shi'an recited his five words and four sentences:
Spring Sun Illuminates the Balance / Ancestral Hall in the Mountains / My Emperor Recites Fan Gong / Jiang Shan Follows the Previous Ode.
Qianlong praised Liu Shi'an's last two sentences, saying that he had written wonderfully. I'm afraid that the word "emperor" is easy to hear, right? Didn't Qianlong have a good feeling for a certain sunset in a certain month of the Qianlong year on the Jinnong plum blossom drawing? Liu Shi'an imitated the path of Jinnong, and the brains of his shrewd subordinates were always enough.
Although writing poetry was not his strong point, he did not sweep away the emperor's happiness, and he also twisted out four sentences:
Green tree peak hair green / eyes full of greenery / turn the temple a circle to walk / Fan Gong come with me.
Hearing Qianlong and his mother and the people present laugh and laugh, laugh and write crooked poems, and ask lord Fan, who has long passed away, to go with him, afraid that lord Fan will take him away.
Qianlong laughed and said, "Fan Wenzheng is a good minister in his lifetime, maybe he loves him too much?" I just wanted to take him away. ”
He Yan did not know that he would write this sentence, fortunately, the emperor did not reject his poetry, so for the ridicule of others, He Yan did not go to his heart, and continued to follow the emperor and his mother to visit the various scenery of Tianping Mountain.
Yuan Ming was not ready, his heart was blank, fortunately Qianlong thought that several aichen had chanted the Tianping Mountain poems, and the lucky Yuan Ming had become a "fish that slipped through the net", and he thought that he did not use much brain to follow the southern tour team to visit the Splendid Mountains and Rivers, how relaxed, comfortable and lyrical.
Yuan Ming had a psychological preparation, and when the southern tour led by the Qianlong Emperor visited Hangzhou's West Lake, it was his hometown, and he would recite a few more poems about the West Lake.
Yuan Ming remembered that the emperor had said to him as early as when he left the Forbidden City: "When the Empress Dowager and her mother cruised the West Lake, it would depend on your ability when she arrived." ”
twenty-two
Qianlong accompanied the empress dowager to visit Hanshan Temple and Tianping Mountain, and the next wonderful tour was all over the various gardens in Gusu City, which was the characteristic style of Gusu that the Qianlong Emperor most wanted to see, and it was the wonderful landscape of the splendid Jiangnan that he longed for.
Judging from the suzhou garden data, when Qianlong went down to jiangnan six times, the gardens that were relatively perfect and could be visited by the emperor and the empress dowager included the Lingering Garden, the Master of Nets Garden, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Forest, the Canglang Pavilion, the West Garden, the Qu Garden, the Park Garden, and the Yi Garden.
Presence determines the tour. The subsequent Suzhou gardens built between Jiaqing and Guangxu are certainly not among the visits of Qianlong and his mother.
In the "Southern Tour" written by the Qianlong Emperor, it is recorded that the Gusu gardens that Qianlong and his mother preferred to visit were: humble administrator's garden, lingering garden, Canglang Pavilion, lion forest, master of nets garden, qu garden, especially like the lion forest.
In the eyes of Qianlong and his mother, the reason why they liked the Lion Forest the most was that the rockery was ingenious, magnificent and dazzling. Between the strange rocks of qifeng, the waterfalls and springs, washed away the lead, hidden in the flowers and trees, all kinds of ancient trees and famous trees, such as masts towering in the sky, halls and pavilions, exquisite and meticulous, all let Qianlong and his mother and queen look after seeing and praised.
When swimming to a stone labyrinth, Qianlong, who was a little curious, insisted on entering the labyrinth to find out. The Queen Mother and the officials accompanying her dissuaded the Emperor from entering the labyrinth to try, just in case of an accident.
It is no wonder that historians have a lot of criticism of Qianlong, rigid and self-absorbed, and obstinately do what they want. At this time, Qianlong, who did not listen to the persuasion of his mother and his courtiers and guards, prided himself on his literary and martial all-rounders, did not pay attention to the small labyrinth at all, and resolutely entered the labyrinth to explore, ignoring the dangerous existence.
Qianlong was in the maze of the Lion Forest, walking left and right, looking forward and backward, full of interest, having fun, and becoming more and more uncontrollable.
But with the passage of time, in the face of this ingenious layout of the labyrinth, Qianlong was confused, suddenly dumbfounded, an hour (2 hours) was almost over, he had not yet found where the exit of the maze was, at this time Qianlong had a sense of fear in his heart, he could not care about the face of the emperor, and shouted loudly to help the driver. The empress dowager was frightened and trembling outside the labyrinth, and asked her subordinates and guards to quickly rescue the emperor.
The courtiers and guards rushed into the labyrinth and led the Qianlong Emperor out of the palace gate. His fear quickly calmed down, and he smiled awkwardly at Ji Xiaolan, Liu Shi'an, and He Yan: "Xiao Xiao looked at the labyrinth, and only by being in it could he appreciate the ingenuity of the designer." ”
Qianlong's mood improved, and he waved the three big words "really interesting" and gave it to the lion forest.
Huang Xi, who followed Qianlong's southern tour, saw that the three words inscribed by the Qianlong Emperor were too popular, and if it was really passed on to future generations with this title, I was afraid that it would damage the emperor's face, but it was not easy to directly say the reason, and encountered the same embarrassment as Qianlong in the Golden Mountain Temple, and remembered that it was later resolved by Ji Xiaolan's sentence: "The subject sees again". This time, it was the turn of Huang Xi, the head of the new branch, to relieve Qianlong. After Huang Xi thought about it for a while, Hetong knelt down and said, "The calligraphy of these three characters of the emperor is exquisite, vigorous and powerful, especially the word "there" in the middle can be said to be three points, and I hope that the emperor can give this word to his subordinates." ”
Qianlong, a generation of talented cultural emperors, instantly understood Huang Xi's meaning, and simply gave him the superfluous word "have" along the water, and from then on, he turned mediocrity into depth.
After the Qianlong Southern Patrol team left Gusu, the local political officials immediately built a pavilion in the Lion Forest and named it after the word "True Fun" written by Qianlong, which is the origin of the "True Fun Pavilion" that we see when we visit the Lion Forest in Suzhou now.
It not only allows our descendants to remember the inscription given by the Qianlong Emperor to the Lion Forest, but also lets our descendants remember that in the way of sincere kneeling, it helps Huang Xi, the leader of Qianlong's characters, to choose his sentences. Hard-working subordinates, following the emperor's southern tour, what if there is no intelligent mind? The next episode to be continued