"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 175th
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Wu Zhongsijie, all died of death, Gao Qi's waist beheading, Yang Ji's exhaustion, Xu Ben's execution, and Zhang Yu's tossing into the river</h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Zhang Yu (1333-1385), also spelled Laiyi, was a native of Xunyang (present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi), and later moved to Wuxing (present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang).
Professor HuzhouFu professor Jinhua Tong Ji, a good friend of Zhang Yu, wrote a "Tombstone of Zhang Laiyi of TaichangSi" for Zhang Yu:
喟来宜, 羽其名, clan is Zhang. Ancestor Jian, Official Thorn History, Jia Xunyang. Father Zhen Xian, mother Wang clan, successor Yang. Only Laiyi, Young Ying enlightenment, Delay Cizhang. Weak crown, disturbed, against the hometown. Ke Li, Promoted Kodi, Sound And Raised. Long a mountain, stable learning, teaching well. Xi Dynasty, Xing Wen Yun, Ju XianLiang. The first recommendation is the osprey, the willing to retire the osprey, and the sheep are slaughtered. End-of-the-road learning, algae, absurdity. Yi carved hard, chased the ancients, and returned the dragon. Time to rest, cloud by month, chanting. Hundred years, old Webb, Xie Xuansheng. Bus signs, morning heel doors, twilight outfits. Bitin is right, pampered, and too often. Give and strip, seek revenge, and throw fire and famine. The sky is thousands of miles, the miasma sea, a reed. Not halfway, urgently give the ring, Ze Wang yang. Arrived in the capital country, only Xinsu, and died in the clouds. Only when the body is fleas are full of fleas, only eternal wounds. Lai Yi Sheng, Nian Decian, Day in the Room. The beginning of the month is auspicious, the life is five ranks, and more than three frosts. Ugly, Shi Ji Xia, Zai Sheng Ming. Marry Xu Shi, also fleas died, the daughter has been ok. Ji Mu Han, Zi Xiao Xiang, Cheng Steaming Taste. After the three shrines, Cuo Zhao, JiuLiGang. Yue Jianhai, Ri Ji unitary, Bu Yunzang. Only come to the ceremony, with ancient works, foot flowing fang. Although the life is short, the words are passed on, and the days are long. Le Siming, Guiquan soil, glowing ghostly. After a hundred generations, Shi Youwei has a name that has not been forgotten.
The content covers Zhang Yu's life!
Zhang Yu is from Xunyang, which is now Jiujiang. In the early years, Zhang Yu's father traveled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and he followed his father. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the flock rose up and chased the deer in the Central Plains. One faction was the anti-Yuan ministries that "provoked the yellow river world to rebel"; the other faction was the pro-Yuan ministries in the name of Qin Wang Kuangfu, but later they basically deviated from their original intentions and became semi-independent separatist forces. The banner they held high has also become a chip for the so-called "grabbing money, grain grabbing, and grabbing territory." In 1355, Liu Futong attacked Bieliang, and Zhu Yuanzhang took Jinling. Jiangnan was in turmoil, and Zhang Yu's family was blocked in Jiangnan and could not return Xunyang. Zhang Yu has a poem "Jia Kele", which can quite explain his state of mind as a foreigner, Shiyun:
For many years, He zeng in the country,
The heart is always good and hospitable.
Send only the affairs of life to the rivers and lakes,
Lee City He Worries Far Away from the Service.
Burn money and wine to pray for the wind,
One by one, you will go from west to east.
Floating family pan house without worries,
The name is not in the official register.
Saga Big Boat Clip Double Bridge,
The eldest woman can sing and dance with the little woman.
Flag Pavilion Wine Day by Day,
I don't know the pain of parting in the world.
There are many prostitutes on both sides of the Yangtze River,
Thousands of households pass by.
Life is like Jia Kele,
Nothing to do with the turmoil.
In the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1351), when Zhang Yu was just twenty years old, he studied and visited friends in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Tong Ji said in the "Tomb Inscription of Zhang Laiyi of taichangsi": "Weak crown, disturbing, violating the hometown." Zhang Yu visited Gao Qi, and Zhang Yu was full of admiration for him. In the eighteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, after Zhang Shicheng occupied Suzhou, Gao Qi and Zhang Yu were unwilling to accept Zhang Shicheng's offer, and as a result, Zhang Yu lived in seclusion in Jingshan, and Gao Qi went to Qingqiu to take his uncle. After Zhang Yu lived in seclusion, he named his room "Quiet Residence". Gao Qi composed a "Record of the Quiet Residence" for Zhang Yu," and commented on Zhang Yu as "living in a quiet mind.".
Zhang Yu's friend Xu Ben, whose hometown of Changzhou was also caught in the war, met him and settled in Wuxing, where he lived in diaspora, and Zhang Yu was hired as the head of the Anding Academy. Founded in the Northern Song Dynasty, Anding Academy is an important educational position in northern Zhejiang. From the four people known as Zhang Yu, Gao Qi, Yang Ji and Xu Ben, it can be seen that Zhang Yu was not an idle person, and was a well-known figure in the Taihu Lake area at that time. The area around the Taihu Lake is the center of Chinese culture, a place where literati and inkers are fascinated. Zhang Yu wrote in a poem to Xu Ben entitled "Paintings titled Xu To Things":
The Yellow Gate gave more than thirty things, and the face was like red jade with few whiskers.
Wind bone is Yamazawa, asking only love yamanaka.
The previous year's edition of the Hetou Book, enlisted straight up to Qingyun Qu.
Wenhua Hall is high and purple, and the attendants accompany Jin You.
The square is small with red radixes, and the spirit is like Feng Zidu.
Eight feet of hands down, left and right to turn the wind and body.
Sometimes self-propelled double eagle arc, hit the stack of who argues.
The returning guests are full of straight houses, and the wine in the capital is expensive.
Drunkenly sitting on the head of the slave, holding a candle to write this map of the cloud mountain.
Fang Jintai Pavilion is multi-wen Confucian, and it seems that there is no one among the juncai and the artists.
Wen Yi serves Wu Jingo and lives up to her beautiful husband.
The old people in the mountains are not close to each other, and they have been poor and lowly for ten years.
Rising and sinking like birds and fish, elk dare to chase the dragon.
Seeing this painting of Jun, how is the Kansai luggage now?
Wish the king a name return to the Five Lakes to find the old drunkards of Gaoyang.
He Ci untied the clothes and hundred pots, and the Jun was drunk with Huang Gongyuan.
When the state was first established, officials were indispensable in order to carry out its decrees and administer the people. At the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, all kinds of wastes were revived, and "eight shares to take soldiers" was obviously unrealistic, and it could not be done for a while and a half. However, the one-country system contains thousands of things, of which it is cumbersome, especially the requirements for the selection of officials are even more stringent. At this time, the methods of selecting officials can be roughly divided into three types: examination, recommendation, and supervision. Needless to say, the recommendation refers to the recommended talents, and the superintendent refers to the people who have been supervised by the state, and they are often entrusted with heavy positions by the imperial court. In the early years of Hongwu, Zhang Yu was recommended to enter Beijing, and Zhu Yuanzhang did not look up to him, and the first recommendation failed.
In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), the imperial court recruited officials again, zhang Yu went to the beijing division, participated in the conscription, and when answering the emperor's oral examination questions in the oral examination, his strategy and ideas were not approved by the emperor, and "the response was not worthy of the purpose" and was released. Fortunately, Suzhou is close to Nanjing in the Taihu Lake area of the southern part of the river, and it is convenient to come and go. If you go to Beijing, it will be miserable. Of course, there must be travel subsidies for these "prospective officials".
On the third re-expedition, Zhang Yu went to Nanjing again, and this time the emperor was embarrassed and gave him Taichang Si Cheng. Although he is the second official of the Taichang Temple, the official residence is six products, which is good to hear and good-looking. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Zhang Yu to write a temple monument for Guo Zixing, the king of Chuyang, and personally told the truth about Guo Zixing, and Guo Zixing's affairs were very difficult to get. Guo Zixing was Zhu Yuanzhang's first king with a different surname, and he was favored by Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yuanzhang's Empress Ma was Guo Zixing's adopted daughter, Guo Zixing's own daughter was also Zhu Yuanzhang's concubine, and Guo Zixing's two sons were killed by Zhu Yuanzhang. The relationship and fate of the characters are so complicated, it is necessary to kill the head if it is not written well. Fortunately, Zhang Yu did not lose his imperial hopes and wrote the temple monument perfectly.
In the seventh year of Hongwu (1374), his friend Gao Qi, who was only thirty-nine years old, was beheaded and executed, which was a great blow to Zhang Yu, and he expressed his remembrance and sorrow for Gao Qi through poetry. He cried bitterly in "Mourning Gao Qingqiu Jidi":
One
In front of the lamp, the wine and tears fell,
The wife was shocked to see that she knew.
The old man on the river is gone,
I found a poem in the middle of the book.
Second
The news was first transmitted and doubtful,
Whoever dies can be said to be poetry.
Nakaro Young Girl Now Small,
To whom are the manuscripts paid?
Third
Life is full of spirit,
Wulu Wutian is the most pathetic.
Lai has a reputation that cannot be eliminated,
Han Jia Le Fu Sheng Tang poetry.
In the eighteenth year of Hongwu (1385), Zhang Yu was fifty-three years old, sitting in exile in Lingnan, and before he could be summoned halfway, he went to longjiang near Nanjing, threw himself into the river and died, saying that he was tied up and thrown into the Yangtze River and drowned. Either way, either way, he committed the sin of death. Throwing himself into the river, Zhang Yu knew that calling him back was death, and it was a tragic death, and the tragic death of his friend Gao Qi was still vividly remembered; being thrown into the river was obviously not an official punishment for crime and death, but involved others, and must first be placed in the place of death and then quickly. Zhang Yu's poems are very influential, especially poetry. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu, Zhang Yu was ordered to fengyang to worship the imperial tomb, and created eight "Ji Xing Poems", selecting "Ji Xing • Qingkou":
Open-minded two estuaries, the former with the Yellow River.
The high shore suddenly folded, and the Qinghuai converged in it.
Ganluo City is in the south, and Hanxin City is in the east.
One is Qin Renying and the other is Han Jiaxiong.
There is immortality in life, and the value lies in meritorious service.
When Fang Qi did not meet, the deer and deer were similar and different.
When the fate is not yet known, the husband has a solid poverty.
The boat ascends to a high defense, and the twilight grass is empty.
Between the slopes and the acres, one or two old and weak men.
The ruins cannot be asked, but the desolate hazel bushes can be seen.
Xingxing looked back and looked at the double phenom.
In his lifetime, Zhang Yu had the deepest affection for the "Ten Friends of Beiguo", who were their small group of poets. "Beiguo Ten Friends" is known as "Ten Talents" by the world, and "Wuzhong Sijie" is a member of the Ten Friends of Beiguo and also the rank of ten talents. The "Wuzhong Four Jies" represent the highest level of the Ten Friends of Beiguo, and the small group of Ten Friends was only beginning to be established around Gao Qi. At that time, Gao Qi's family lived in the north of Suzhou, and Gao Qi's poetry was known as the three great masters of the early Ming Dynasty, and the influence of poetry was very appealing. Gao Qi composed poems and distributed them to ten friends, including Yu Yaochen, Zhang Yu, Yang Ji, Wang Xing, Lü Min, Song Ke, Xu Ben, Chen Ze, Monk Daoyan, and Wang Yi. Gao Qi said: "Yu Shiju lived in Wu's Northern Guo, and the people of Tongli were literate and friendly, and Wang Junzhi was alone. For more than ten years, Xu Junyouwen came from Biling, Gao Junshimin from Henan, Tang Jun from Huiji, Yujun Tangqing from Yongjia, Zhang Junlaiyi from Xunyang, each living in Wu with his hometown, and Bu Dishi was with Yu Neighbor. Gao Qi's poem "Spring Day Huai ShiYou Poems • Second • Zhang Xiao Li Yu" chanted:
Staying in the countryside and chanting the sages alone.
The sunset view is near the pool, and the spring cold hides the cabinet and sleeps.
The first rain of the aromatic medicine, the new shinobi slightly covered with smoke.
Tired of day and day, I am ashamed of the dust.
In the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, "the country was unfortunate that the poet was lucky", it was a time of chaos, and the literati shifted their eyes and actions to the poetry of the poetry, and gained fame and respect in the strange poetry. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Wuzhong region was relatively stable, commercially developed, economically prosperous, living affluent, the wind of social singing and harmony prevailed, the traditional lifestyle of the literati and the way of poetry creation were completely subverted, a large number of poems were created in the staggering of the plan and the sightseeing of the mountains, and the Wu Chinese entered an era of rapid development and relative prosperity. Gao Qi, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu, and Xu Ben have deep feelings, and their literary talent and poetic achievements are far superior to those of their contemporaries, and they belong to the best, and their endings are very tragic, and their personalities, interests, thoughts, and so on are basically the same.
The "Four Masters of Wuzhong", in the chaotic world at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, were full of contradictory psychology, not only wanting to save the people of Li from water and fire, but also retreating after not knowing the Lord, and retreating to the mountains and forests. Zhang Yuhao's writings, the words are pure and elegant, the poems are deeply contemplative, simple and elegant. The calligraphy is delicate and interesting, as if Xie Zhuang Yuefu. Lishu imitates Han Zemu and Kaishu to copy Wang Xizhi's Cao'e monument, although it is not exquisite, but it can deviate from the world and enter The Elegance.
Zhang Yu is good at painting, especially landscape painting, painting landscapes Fami's father and son and Gao Kegong, pen power Cangxiu, Pin Zai Fang Congyi, once Lin Gao Kegong small landscapes. He is the author of four volumes of the Collection of Quiet Residences. Gao Qi has the inscription Zhang Yu painting poems, and all of them are landscape paintings. Gao Qi wrote in the poem "Titled Zhang Jingju Painting":
Chu Ke wrote Jing Cen and Qiu Yun separated Pu Yin.
People even orange dock, water temple reflects the maple forest.
After the chaos, the clear tour rests, and the sad edge is far away.
Looking at Hugh late, I was afraid that there would be a gorge ape groaning.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Sigh Zhang Laiyi", Shiyun:
Twenty high senses,
Concealed and refused to be stained.
Three times he was conscripted without praise,
Ningju broke the food grits.
The pen does not stop the clouds,
The endowment is spring
Taizu li extinguished Jiangnan Confucianism,
Sit down to Lingnanians.
Halfway through the commandment,
Push into the river without being alarmed.
How can sanwu be without good Confucianism?
The monarch is too ruthless.
Dye han dot spring color,
Do not hesitate to turn white.
Should have been guarding Yamada,
Why should the poetry of the East Wind know.