The Republic of China is a period of peril for the Chinese nation, but the country is unfortunate that the poets are lucky, and it is also an era of masters.
Ice heart
Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo, Bing Xin and other masters hung like shining stars in the night sky of the Republic of China.
Since the ancient literati were light, the literati of the Republic of China period were not exempt from vulgarity. Lu Xun has been intimidating in his life, and there are countless cultural celebrities who have been scolded by him, among which there is Bingxin.
Lu Xun
The two had little intercourse, only one side, Lu Xun had never talked about BingXin in public, and Bingxin did not talk about Lu Xun.
In the vast sea of people, they seem to be passers-by, but the clues of the past tell us that things are not so simple.
On August 13, 1921, Lu Xun wrote a letter to his brother Zhou Zuoren, saying that Bing Xin was like a woman who hanged herself because others flirted.
Zhou Zuoren
Lu Xun and Bing Xin had no deep friendship, so why would they suddenly say such a thing?
The initiator of this matter is Liu Tingfang. On September 4 of that year, Liu Tingfang, head of the Department of Theology at Yenching University, published a short poem "Sending Ice Hearts" in the Morning Post to express her affection and provoke a scolding war.
Bing Xin was not a good match, and in anger, she wrote a "Moral Energy Article" to fight back on the same day, which was published in the same newspaper on September 6.
Watching the head of the department and his classmates wash away the Dragon King Temple, and their families did not recognize their own family, some students of Yenching University, where Bingxin was located, wanted to calm things down.
Immediately afterwards, they wrote to the Morning Post in the name of all the students:
Saying that the classmate Bingxin did not receive Liu Tingfang's gift poem, the object of "Sending Bingxin" should be someone else, hoping that the Morning Post will clarify it.
Liu Tingfang
After Lu Xun saw these farces from the Morning Post, he felt a sense in his heart and wrote the above letter to Zhou Zuoren.
In Lu Xun's view, Bing Xin was also too preoccupied and fussy, so he scorned her behavior.
But a person is slighted, and she also has the right to defend her dignity with words. Lu Xun, a big celebrity in the literary world, was finally strict with the rising star Bingxin.
After that, Lu Xun became more and more reluctant to see Bingxin.
In 1929, Lu Xun went to Yenching University to give a lecture, and he knew that Bing Xin was a loyal fan of modernism, and he was teaching at Yanda University, sitting below, but he still had no scruples.
Lu Xun, Hu Shi
As soon as he began to speak, he satirized his sworn enemies Liang Shiqiu, Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo, and other modernists over and over again, and after scolding him, he was still angry, and when he returned, he wrote a letter to his wife Xu Guangping, triumphantly talking about his achievements.
Lu Xun and Xu Guangping
At the same time as his speech, he noticed the surprised expression of Bingxin sitting under the stage, and estimated that his heart was dark and cool, and he liked to see Bingxin's unaccustomed but helpless look.
But if Bing Xin knew what Lu Xun really thought in his heart at that time, it was estimated that he would feel that he was more wronged than Dou E, because she herself did not have a deep intersection with the modernists.
In 1933, the Hangzhou authorities banned articles by 10 writers, including Bingxin.
Hearing about this incident, Lu Xun incarnated as a melon eater and wrote a letter to Zheng Zhenduo: "Even Bingxin is included, and it is strange. The implication is that an article like Bingxin's is not worthy of being banned, and the contempt in words is overflowing with words.
Lu Xun did not look at Bingxin, in the final analysis, the two belonged to different ideological camps, one was criticism, and the other wanted to talk about the philosophy of love and beauty.
These thoughts are all reflections of their different growth journeys.
Lu Xun was born in a large feudal family in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, when he was 13 years old, his grandfather was imprisoned for the Kechang case, and his father died of illness soon after, after which he tasted the pain of life.
Young Lu Xun
Forced to make a living, he took refuge with his mother at his uncle's house in Huangfuzhuang, a rural area of Shaoxing, where orphans and widows were treated as beggars with no dignity.
Backward in the family road, he saw the cold eyes of his relatives and also tasted the cold of the world.
Since then, he has always been afraid to speculate on human nature with the worst malice in his social life.
His experience as a teenager gave him a deeper understanding of life. Studying in Japan is also humiliated by the Japanese.
In particular, the "slide incident" allowed the teenager to personally experience the humiliation of the dignity of the small people of the weak country.
The family is poor and is snubbed by others; the country is weak and is bullied by other countries.
All this left a deep imprint on Lu Xun's heart.
At the end of the nineteenth century, China's social, ideological, and cultural changes were enormous, the country was in trouble, but reform was not easy, and in the whirlpool of contradictions, Lu Xun had a deeper understanding of China's problems.
After a profound reflection on various social phenomena that are difficult to return, Lu Xun has his own independent thoughts and has also formed his own fierce and courageous personality.
Lu Xun's personality is a combination of multiple and complex contradictions, both strong and stubborn and deep and tenacious, both introspective and self-conscious and astute and suspicious, both introverted and depressed and cheerful and enthusiastic.
This constitutes Lu Xun's unique personality temperament and also cultivates his ability to observe and experience the world with complex and profound vision.
Lu Xun's life was a life of persecution, accompanied by unfriendly rumors.
And Lu Xun's "poisonous tongue" is not entirely due to the aggressiveness of his personality, but the rationality that accompanies the suffering process of encirclement and oppression.
What the world does to him, he treats the world. He is a warrior character who "retaliates with tit-for-tat" and "repays with a blind eye."
Lu Xun and Chen Xiying
As early as 1926, Chen Xiying attacked Lu Xun in the "Morning Post Supplement" published in the "Zhi Shima" and said:
"He didn't have an article without a few cold arrows" "Mr. Lu Xun framed the guilt of others with one stroke of his pen."
Lu Xun defended himself in "The Rose Without Flowers":
"In fact, if it is destroyed, it will be reported, and if it is praised, it is the common feeling of people." Who says it's not? Kissing the lover, to the enemy, it is natural to take revenge.
This kind of "blind eyes must be repaid" is very much in line with Lu Xun's style.
There is indeed a sharp and hard side of Lu Xun's personality, but words such as "violence" and "hatred" can never be used to summarize the creative spirit of Lu Xun's essays.
Mao dun
Mao Dun once brilliantly analyzed Lu Xun's essays, "dagger" and "throwing guns," which can certainly summarize most of Lu Xun's essays.
But for the sympathy for the vulnerable groups, the ardent desire for the transformation of national nature, the concern for social suffering, and the deep love for this world, it is the soul of Lu Xun's spirit.
Lu Xun said that "creation is always rooted in love", and this kind of love and bingxin's "philosophy of love" are the same way.
But Lu Xun is not a fraternalist, he believes that love must be adhered to and principled.
He said that the literati should not be easy-going, and he should have a strong love and hatred. Since abandoning the doctor from the text, he has been using the article to practice his ideas.
The love of Bingxin is "superhuman", a fraternity without principles.
Therefore, Lu Xun, who "returned an eye for an eye," "a tooth for a tooth," or "two teeth for a tooth," could not understand or agree with this.
He did not publicly criticize Bingxin as his enemy, but he also did not regard her as his ally.
In the lonely battle of sorrow, on the road of art for life, he became a warrior of our national spiritual circle and a vanguard banner of the May Fourth spirit.
Unlike Lu Xun, Bing Xin lives in a big family full of love.
Bingxin's grandfather was very knowledgeable and opened a library to teach apprentices. Mother Yang Fuci was born in Shuxiang Mendi, and can poetry and good writing, married into the Xie family at the age of 19, the husband and wife have a good relationship.
Bingxin's childhood in Fuzhou was almost spent with his father in the barracks, often dealing with soldiers and warships, often following his father's running up and down the mountain and boarding a small airboat to board a large warship.
She often appeared under the soft ladder on the deck, bathed in the morning sun in the breeze of the sea waves.
The elders hurt her and loved her and encouraged her. Grandfather loved this clever, obedient, inquisitive granddaughter and often encouraged her:
"You are the first girl in our Xie family to officially go to school, you must read well."
Bingxin's father, Xie Baozhang, was strict with his soldiers. But he was kind and gentle to Bingxin.
Bingxin's father almost never "reprimanded" Bingxin, and did not deliberately reflect the power of everyone's elders, but treated his children as equals.
He always patiently educates, enlightens, and convinces his little daughter, and even brings a little doting and pampering, so that BingXin feels full of fatherly love.
This kind of warmth of small circles and small families is the real world on which Bingxin's literature depends for survival, and it is also what Lu Xun lacks.
Generally speaking, one of the most important factors in becoming a writer is the need to have unique life and emotional experiences and honings, which is both his spiritual wealth and the source of his creation.
This is what we often say: "Articles hate destiny".
For example, Lu Xun, Ba Jin, Shen Congwen, Ding Ling, Zheng Zhenduo, etc. often came out of their homes or rushed out of feudal families, and embarked on the road of literature in the bloody rain of the times and society.
Ice Heart and Barkin
Bing Xin is very different from them, she does not have too much personal experience of suffering and pain, and many of her works are inspired by her warm little family.
In this home, Bing Xin was inspired by creation, but also nurtured by thought. Here the idea of love absorbs the nutrients and begins to sprout.
During this period, the influence of traditional national culture on her and the love of her father, mother and brothers undoubtedly had an important impact on her outlook on life.
But as the formation of a thought, the establishment of a outlook on life and the world, for Bingxin, it is mainly after contact with Tagore.
Tagore and Ice Heart
Bing Xin published "Freedom - Truth - Service" in the Yenching University Quarterly, she wrote:
What is "freedom"?
"Freedom" means not exceeding one's desires from the heart, that is, it is completely blended with love and connected with love between what should be sought and heard in the universe.
Only because it is full of love, all the thoughts, words, and actions that emanate from the universe are all desired from the heart and are not incompatible with love. This is "freedom."
Truth is the word "love."
Bingxin's thoughts were influenced by her loving experience of family life.
At the same time, through the mentor and friend Zheng Zhenduo, he entered Tagore's world. Bingxin was extremely involved in Tagore's world and the world he had created.
Zheng Zhenduo
A Chinese girl and an old man in India cross the boundaries of age and region, cross the barrier between language and environment, and communicate with heart and heart, love and affection, reason and reason.
She realized that the purpose of life is love.
A solemnity, a sublime, a fascination formed in the heart of ice. It also formed her outlook on life and philosophy— a philosophy of love centered on nature, childlike heart, and maternal love.
All this is fully reflected in many of Bingxin's works, such as "A Little Bird", "The Realization of Love", "Stars", "Spring Water" and so on.
Bingxin's masterpiece "Stars and Spring Water"
Lu Xun uses a critical and exposive way to analyze social evils and expose the pain, and Bingxin is a positive and more emotional praise calling for the love of the world.
Lu Xun's great practice of worrying about the country and the people is to call for the awakening of the people from the spirit.
During the May Fourth period, a group of profound Chinese intellectuals realized that relying on science to rejuvenate the country in a single line, such as the foreign affairs movement or political revolution, such as the Xinhai Revolution, was often too fast to achieve.
At that time, the common call was: to change the national character, to establish an ideal personality, and to carry out spiritual reconstruction.
Lu Xun's cry was intended to awaken the people, while Bing Xin advocated the establishment of an ideal personality. If Bing Xin could see farther, it was because he stood on Lu Xun's shoulder.
Lu Xun relied on blood, bone qi and courage. He refused bribes from almost all political forces for "light."
I'd rather be lonely in the night like the owl of a vicious bird, sleeping rough and making an ominous "evil" sound.
Lu Xun was like a thorn in the weeds, experiencing cold, sickness, poverty, grief, blood and intimidation throughout his life. Therefore, it is also a strong sound of the times that vibrates deafeningly.
Bingxin is eloquent, intimate and delicate like mountain flowing water, gentle wind and rain, is an equal and humane way of narration.
Bingxin's thoughts came like a fresh wind, making people feel like a spring breeze, like bathing in the sea of stars.
She wrote in "Personality": "Doctrine cannot save the world, doctrine cannot save the world, and only your pure and noble personality can participate in the wonderful work of creation." ”
Lu Xun's greatness lies in the fact that although his personal life is full of suffering, misfortune, and disease, he thinks of the happiness of the people and the future of the nation.
Wishing that the cold star was not noticed, I recommended Xuanyuan with my blood. His strong sense of national mission and humanitarian mission made him willing to exchange his happiness for the awakening of the nation. He was as willing as he was.
Resisting in despair makes his philosophy of life show a unique brilliance of "more courageous and more tragic".
Lu Xun's spirit of selflessly loving the country and the people, an absolute patriot, and being willing to be a widow and a cow, is the foundation for his thinking to reach a lofty realm.
He could have written books and spoken and been a writer admired by everyone; he could have been a professor who devoted himself to cultivating peach and plum from the pulpit and the world.
But he fought ceaselessly for the awakening of the nation.
He wanted his work to "decay quickly". He did not repeat his former and future names, and always regarded himself as a mortal.
This is even more beautiful and great than those great men who have held great and lofty positions in history but have put their fame and reputation first.
Similarly, with the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement and the rise of the New Culture Movement, Bing Xin also used his philosophy of "love and beauty" to annotate the great book of the motherland.
She threw herself wholeheartedly into the trend of the times and became the "elder" of the new literary movement. At the same time, he was a loyal patriotic intellectual. It inherits the fine tradition of Chinese intellectuals.
The world rises and falls, and the pursuit of light never stops.
Bing Xin and Wu Wenzao
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Bingxin was invited by Zhou Enlai to publish articles in progressive journals; during the War of Liberation, she recognized the Face of the Kuomintang and refused the so-called "National Congress" election.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, she was in Japan with her heart set on the motherland and resolutely supported her husband in resolutely getting rid of the Kuomintang clique.
In the vicissitudes of the later times, although fate treated her unfairly, she still chose to face everything with "love and beauty" and see the stars in the night.
She once wrote in "Impressions of the Century": "For ninety years, my heart of loving the motherland and the people has always been as strong as a golden stone. ”
Nearly ninety years old, he still works tirelessly, his eyes are not clear and his heart is bright, and every word of his published works expresses his heart for the motherland and the people.
She has lived a long life, experienced turmoil, and has also had quiet happiness. But whether in good times or bad times, she firmly believes that "with love there is everything."
Bing Xin and Lu Xun, both literary superstars of the 20th century, although there is not much intersection and there have been gaps, but they are like the two poles of modern Chinese literature, but they have the same destination.
Although their literary ideas are different, they all give their own answers on how to save China, and they all deserve our respect.
Brushing away the wind and dust of history, I hope that future generations will see their fists and hearts, and see the wind and bones of the literati Xu Zhijia's great righteousness.
And those trivial so-called "literati are light", not worth mentioning, let them go with the wind, buried in the smoke and dust of history.