"Good", "Painful".
At the Nanjing Execution Ground, the executioner's knife rose and fell, and two paper balls fell from the ears of the human head that rolled to the ground. The executioner looked around: a "good" word, a "pain" word.
The executioner said in the palm of his hand: This man has some meaning.
This man was Jin Shengsi, a talented man of the Qing Dynasty who was beheaded for the "Weeping Temple Case.".
Jin Sheng sighed in behavior, wild and uninhibited, often shocking and vulgar, and did not tolerate the world. However, when he arrived in the Republic of China, Mr. Hu Shi picked him up and called him not only a "strange master", but also praised him as "a representative of the Qinghui Movement".
Later, many people followed suit and followed suit. Qin Xianmao's "Biography of Jin Sheng" even put on the top hat of "rebel and revolutionary" for Jin Shengsi.
Mr. Lu Xun's eyes are like a torch, and he pointed out to the point that Jin Shengsi was "not a traitor who resisted."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > a white-eyed maniac</h1>
Jin Shengsi, a native of Wu County, Suzhou in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The real name Cai, the word RuoCai, after the death of the Ming changed to the celebrity Rui, the word Shengsi, there are also said that he was once called Zhang Jiao.
"Holy sigh" is said to be the meaning of taking gold on the top, and the saint has to sigh; the other is that Jin Shengsi himself once said: Give the name, the holy sigh means "sigh". There are two "sighs" in the Analects, which are sighed in Yanhui and sighed in Zengzi. From the name, we can see the arrogance of Jin Shengsi.
Jin Sheng sighed that his family was well-off in his childhood, and later his parents died early, and his family fell in the middle of the road, often in poverty.
He was clever and precocious, and the master praised him as "a widow who is a stranger, really a seed of reading in the world." However, he was not very interested in the books of the sages such as the "Four Books and Five Classics", but he favored the idle books such as "Water Margin" and "West Chamber".
At some point, the seeds of deviance had been planted in the depths of his mind.
"Learning and excellence", entering the career through scientific examinations, is definitely the top priority of life for readers, and Jin Shengsi, the "reading seed", has no intention of this. Not only is it indifferent, but it also uses the science field as the place for the game.
One year of the exam, the question was "Is it so moving?" This allusion is from Mencius. Mencius replied, "No, I am forty unmoved." Jin Sheng sighed and quickly handed in the paper, and the examiner only saw that the examination paper read: "In the middle of the empty mountains and poor valleys, there is a beautiful person, ask the master if he is moved?" A: Move, move, move..."
The examiner laughed and asked him why he had written 39 "moving" words in a row, and Jin Sheng sighed and replied, "I wrote 39 moving words in a row to show that I am not moving forty years." ”
There are many stories of Jin Shengsi's "grotesqueness" in the examination room, whether they are true or false, and it is difficult to say. Whether he liked it or not, he was just a showman for the rest of his life. Later, he relied on the opening of the museum to support his family, and sometimes had to rely on relatives and friends to help.
He had high expectations for himself, "Since ancient times, I alone have been a great material, and I am the only one who has sunk the saints."
"It is a true talent who flows from the wind", Jin Sheng sighed and did not care about his own embarrassment. Like Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Feng Menglong, these former generation talents in Suzhou, which is not frustrated by the science field, but the scenery is infinite. What does such an unborn talent of his own care?
So he indulged in his unrestrained love of freedom and did a lot of "not happy" things.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > slash "Water Margin"</h1>
Jin Shengsi's greatest achievement in life was literary criticism, and it was his commentary that improved the status of novels and operas in Chinese literature.
He carefully commented on the "Book of the Six Talents"—"Departure from Sorrow", "Zhuangzi", "Shiji", "Du Gongbu Collection", "Water Margin", and "Xi Xiang Ji".
His method of criticism is as bright as fire, amazing talent, and in the history of Chinese literary criticism, it can be called a unique hand and eye, providing a model for its later imitators. Later, Mao Zonggang's "Three Kingdoms", Zhang Zhupo's "Golden Bottle Plum", and Li Yanzhai's "Dream of the Red Chamber" all originated from Jin Shengsi.
Jin Sheng's earliest, most influential and most controversial work is "Water Margin".
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"Jin Sheng sighs criticism of this water margin" a total of three volumes ¥149 purchase
Jin Shengsi admired the "Water Margin", saying: "There is no one in the world who has the right of the "Water Margin"" and "If you don't read the Water Margin, you don't know the unity of the world". In that era of contempt for novels, Jin Shengsi juxtaposed "Water Margin" with "Zhuangzi", "Shi Ji", "Du Shi", etc., so Hu Shi praised him for his vision and courage.
Jin Sheng sighed and commented on "Water Margin", which was commented on and changed, and he made a bold move to delete all the chapters after the 70 times of "Water Margin", which is the waist chop "Water Margin".
Unexpectedly, the "Water Margin" that was beheaded by Jin Sheng's sigh became the most popular version in the three hundred years of the Qing Dynasty, which in addition to the factors of literary and artistic value, the main reason is that this version is "politically correct".
For Jin Sheng's sigh and slash "Water Margin", most of the praisers are.
"Deeply tailored", "the best version" of "Water Margin", "a strange book that will never die".
The most exaggerated is the remarks of a certain scholar: "The recast of "Water Margin". This is a more successful re-creation by a heretical thinker of a successful work of a previous generation. This is a miracle in the history of literature!"
But Lu Xun was not very satisfied with Jin Shengsi.
Regarding Jin Shengsi's literary thoughts, Lu Xun said in "On Jin Shengsi": "He picked up the legend of the novel, juxtaposed with "Zuo Zhuan" and "Du Shi", but really picked up the spit of Yuan Hongdao's generation. In Hu Shi's eyes, Jin Sheng sighed that "his vision is superior", but when he arrived at Lu Xun, he became "picking up people's spit".
For Jin Sheng's lamentation "Water Margin", Lu Xun only affirmed that "the words and sentences are also small and good", and the content of the annotations he made was decaying, "after his batch, the honesty of the original work is often turned into laughter."
For him to cut off the "Water Margin", Lu Xun directly reprimanded him as "fainting", "Just cutting off the second half of "Water Margin", dreaming of having a "Uncle Ji Night" to kill the Song Jiangs, it is also faint enough." ”
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > is not a traitor to rebellion</h1>
Lu Xun was not impressed with Jin Shengsi's literary achievements, and even more despised his political stance.
In general, Kim Seung-si is a person who does not care about the world and stays away from politics. If you really want to find any political position, it is Zhongjun and Chongqing.
Jin Shengsi lived for 54 years, half in the Ming Dynasty and half in the Qing Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, apart from promoting the idea of "loyalty to the king" when commenting on "Water Margin", there was no specific action. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, that is, they did not martyr the country with death, nor did they insist on resisting the Qing like Huang Zongxi, Zhang Huangyan, and Xia Wanchun. If he had been idle in the clouds and wild cranes, it is estimated that Lu Xun would not have resented him.
After Ming's death, he did not see any sorrow for him, and drank and wrote poetry with the monks as usual. Bloody killings such as "Ten Days of Yangzhou" and "Three Massacres of Jiading" have become "The Best of The Best of The World, and Today It Is Shengping".
When he was 53 years old, he heard his friend say that the Shunzhi Emperor praised him as a master of ancient Chinese, so he was grateful and hurried north to present poetry. This writer could not stop the car, and even wrote eight poems of flesh and hemp.
Whether the Shunzhi Emperor really praised him, there is no way to verify, even if it is true, it is just a casual talk. However, Jin Shengsi was serious, not only did he regard Shunzhi as a "confidant" ("Emperor Kucheng came to confidant, preaching the name of a sage), but also believed that he had "Wang Zuocai" and wanted to go north to contribute his strength to the new dynasty, "but to make Qingyun ask for supplements, and he would also wear white hair and a scarf.".
This Jin Sheng sighed for so many years, still did not hold back, all this age, and finally revealed the "charming bone".
Unfortunately, it was not long before his "confidant" was hung up, and he offered a poem of condolence; when the eight-year-old new emperor ascended the throne, he also presented the poem "Ji Rui".
Within a few days, he was implicated in the "Weeping Temple Case."
The "Weeping Temple Case" was originally a petition by wu county readers to hold a "memorial service" for Shunzhi, who accused the corrupt official Ren Weichu of his evil deeds at the Confucius Temple and demanded that he be punished. Unexpectedly, Inspector Zhu Guozhi went online, believing that he was disrespectful to the former emperor, and also put on the charge of "tonghai", and beheaded Jin Shengsi and a dozen other people to show the public.
The "Weeping Temple Case" was an unjust case, and Jin Shengsi was even more unjust than Dou E.
Jin Shengsi actually did not go to the weeping temple that day, nor did he participate in kneeling into the unveiling. After the authorities arrested eleven Xiucai, they were not willing, and they tortured them even more severely to extract confessions, implicating them in a big way, and Jin Shengsi was arrested two months after the incident. Most of this is related to his usual arrogance and jealousy of those in power. At that time, there was a folk song in Suzhou that sang: "Oh my God, it is really unjust for the holy sigh to kill the head."
Jin Sheng sighed himself and said, "Killing the head is the most painful, and the holy sigh is unintentional, great wonder!" ”
Lu Xun thus said that Jin Shengsi was "not a traitor to rebellion."
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluding remarks</h1>
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jin Shengsi was always charged with "reactionary literati" until the 1980s when he gradually "corrected his name". Some scholars believe that Lu Xun's evaluation of Jin Shengsi is somewhat extreme. I dare not comment on Jin Shengsi's achievements in literary criticism, but judging from the above historical facts, Jin Shengsi is just a madman with white eyes, and he really can't wear the top hat of "rebel and revolutionary".