Editor's note: Li Xiaofang, a native of Shicheng, Jiangxi, Ph.D. in History, Professor, Dean of the School of History, Culture and Tourism, Gannan Normal University, Director of Wang Yangming Research Center, Jiangxi Provincial Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences, mainly engaged in regional social and cultural history research. In recent years, he has presided over a number of national social science fund projects, Jiangxi Provincial Social Science Planning Projects, etc.; published monographs such as "Compilation of County Chronicles and Local Society<: Research on the > of Ruijin County Chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties" and "Research on the Social History of Gannan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties"; published dozens of papers in authoritative and core journals such as "Historical Research", "Social Sciences" and "Shi Lin".
Chen Jinsong, male, from Fengcheng, Jiangxi, is an assistant professor at the College of History, Culture and Tourism, Gannan Normal University. In 2021, he graduated from Gannan Normal University with a master's degree in history, and his main research directions are Wang Yangming and regional society. He presided over 1 Project of Qingma Project in Jiangxi Province and 1 Project of University-level Postgraduate Innovation Fund.
This paper is a phased result of the "13th Five-Year Plan" project (19ZK27) of Social Sciences in Jiangxi Province, which was submitted to the "Second Yangming Culture International Forum" held in Ganzhou in October 2019 and the "Yangming Five Hundred Years' Young Scholars Forum" held in Nanchang in December 2019, and was later revised and published in the Journal of Gannan Normal University, No. 2, 2021.
Abstract: Yangming culture is the sum of the material wealth and spiritual wealth created by Wang Yangming and Yangming scholars in the process of historical practice, which takes Yangming Xinxue as the core, the inheritance and development of Yangming Xinxue of Yangming school as the connotation, and all the practical activities related to Wang Yangming and Yangming School and the resulting material relics as extensions. Jiangxi is the most important region for the achievement of Wang Yangming's academic and meritorious deeds, and has an important position in the formation and development of Yangming culture, with the characteristics of positive inheritance, many relics, wide distribution, and deep influence; the innovative development of Yangming culture should adhere to the guidance of Marxism, the orientation of service demand, and the basis of academic innovation; the creative transformation of Yangming culture can be combined with the construction of honest government culture, public culture construction, and the development and utilization of cultural tourism industry; the development and utilization of Jiangxi Yangming cultural resources. It is necessary to properly handle the relationship between academic research and development and utilization, Yangming culture inside and outside the province, Yangming culture in the province and other characteristic cultures, inheritance and promotion, and going international.
Keywords: Jiangxi Yangming culture theoretical innovation development and utilization
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="82" > First, Jiangxi's position in the formation and development of Yangming culture</h1>
(1) The definition of Yangming culture
Entering a new era, as Wang Yangming and his psychology were once again discovered and highly praised, a "Yangming fever" was set off in the whole country, especially in Zhejiang, where he was born, in Guizhou, where he was born, in Jiangxi, where he worked, and in other places where Mr. Yangming was traveling. Various localities have set up research institutions, held academic conferences, carried out theme activities, deeply excavated the history of Yangming, expounded the yangming psychology, and put forward the concept of "Yangming culture" from different angles. Scholars are mainly based on empirical research, such as in-depth excavation of Wang Yangming's life experience, Wang Yangming's thought and the inheritance and development of Yangming's post-study, Wang Yangming's activity trajectory and related site remains, Yangming legends and stories, etc., to express their understanding of the connotation of Yangming culture. Of course, there are also some scholars who have made theoretical summaries of Yangming culture, such as Professor Li Chenggui: "The so-called Yangming culture mainly refers to the common sense of Yangming xinxue and Yangmingxue... It can be said that Yangming culture is not only the carrier of Yangmingxue, but also the main basis for the study of Yangmingxue. "Whether it is theoretical generalization or empirical research, it provides important enlightenment for us to think about Yangming culture. However, in general, in terms of what is Yangming culture, the research and understanding of the academic circles have either lost their fragmentary triviality, or lost their partial one-sidedness, and lacked comprehensive and systematic elaboration, which is incompatible with the actual needs of its innovative development and creative transformation.
There are many concepts of culture, and what is more recognized by the public refers to the sum of the material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human society in the process of historical practice. The author believes that if we apply this relatively broad concept, we may be able to express that Yangming culture is the sum of the material wealth and spiritual wealth created by Wang Yangming and Yangming scholars in the process of historical practice. Specifically, it includes the following three meanings:
The first meaning of Yangming culture refers to Yangming Xinxue. In his life, Wang Yangming's life has been the unity of knowledge and action, and his deeds have been outstanding, but the most precious legacy he has left to future generations is undoubtedly the psychological thinking with the main connotations of "heart is reason", "to conscience", "unity of knowledge and action", and "Mingde and the people" as the main connotations. Huang Zongxi commented: "Therefore, if there is no Yao Jiang, then the ancient learning vein is complete. In his opinion, Yang Mingxinxue really has the great merit of "continuing to learn for the sake of the saints". The Yangming School, founded by him, has a large following, "in China it is a latecomer", "his philosophy spread throughout China and dominated The Chinese intellectual circles"; when it spread to Japan, it was also regarded as an important tradition of Japanese thought" and had a far-reaching impact and had important world significance.
The second meaning of Yangming culture refers to the inheritance and development of Yangming xinxue in the Yangming school. Huang Zongxi's "Case of Ming Confucianism" divides The Yangming Houxue into six schools, including the Zhejiang Zhongwangmen, the Jiangyou Wangmen, the Southern Zhongwangmen, the Chuzhong Wangmen, the Northern Wangmen, and the Guangdong-Minwangmen, which involve the large number of Yangming Houxue and the wide geographical distribution, which has become a great view. In fact, The yangming disciples and the retransmission disciples far exceeded Huang Zongxi's statistics, and the academic circles have dug deeper into this. In a specific political, social and academic environment, these Yangming disciples and re-transmission disciples have interpreted and transformed Yangming Xinxue through key mechanisms such as lecture activities, and quickly established the Yangming School, which has had a different degree of influence on the historical and cultural process of relevant regions. All these constitute an important connotation of Yangming culture and are the proper meaning of Yangming culture.
The third meaning of Yangming culture refers to all the practical activities related to Wang Yangming and the Yangming school and the resulting material relics and legends. Culture has two forms of existence, material and immaterial, and Yangming culture is no different. If it is said that the inheritance and development of Yangming Xinxue and Yangmingxue are mainly an immaterial form of existence with related legends and stories; all the ruins and relics produced by practical activities related to Wang Yangming and Yangmingxue, such as Yangming Ancestral Temple, Yangming Academy, Yangming Inscription, Yangming Literature, and all other historical relics of cities, temples, streets, arches, tombs, ancient wells, etc. related to Wang Yangming, Yangmingxue, and Yangming scholars, all of which are a material form of Yangming culture.
In the above three meanings, Yangming Xinxue is the core and essence of Yangming culture, the inheritance and development of Yangming Xinxue is the basic connotation of Yangming culture, and all the practical activities related to Wang Yangming and Yangming School and the resulting material relics are the main extensions of Yangming culture. The three meanings complement each other, are superficial to each other, are integrated with each other, and are inseparable.
In July 2019, the Wang Yangming Research Center of Jiangxi Longnan and Gannan Normal University held a seminar on "Development and Utilization of Wang Yangming's Cultural Resources in Longnan and Yangming"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18" > (ii) Wang Yangming's work and scholarship in Jiangxi</h1>
Later generations praised Wang Yangming for achieving the ultimate in terms of morality, meritorious service, and speech, and achieved the "True Three Immortals" in his lifetime. In the place where Wang Yangming was practicing, there was no doubt that Jiangxi was the most important region for the achievement of his achievements in scholarship.
Throughout his life, Wang Yangming was known as "the first in three hundred years of meritorious service". Among them, the most praised one is called the "Three Marches", that is, Zheng Nangan, Zheng Ning Wang, and Zheng Si Tian. In addition to Zheng Sitian, the other "two marches" both occurred in Jiangxi, both of which were appointed as the inspectors of Nangan.
The conquest of Nangan took place from the eleventh year of Zhengde (1516) to the thirteenth year (1518). Wang Yangming served as the governor of Nangan, and he proceeded from reality, fully relied on local forces, actively won the support of the imperial court, promoted the "Ten Houses Of Cards Law," dredged the salt law, and oversaw military affairs, and successively quelled the Zhangnan Rebellion headed by Zhan Shifu, the Hengshui Rebellion headed by Lan Tianfeng and Xie Zhishan, the Barrel Gang Rebellion, and the Sanhu Rebellion headed by Chi Zhongrong. For the sake of long-term peace and stability, Pinghe County, Chongyi County, and Heping County were also set up, and the grass-roots political power settings of Nangan were encrypted. In addition, Wang Yangming promoted the "Nangan Township Covenant", attached importance to culture and education, restored social studies, built academies, taught and taught, and rejuvenated people with culture, stabilized social order, and ensured local people's livelihood. Within a year, after quelling the "Accumulation of Kou" in Nangan for decades, Wang Yangming's deeds went to its peak.
Yang Ming's Nangan deeds were deeply remembered by the people. Nan'an Province has built wang Yangming's ancestral hall in fuzhi and its three counties. Jiajing's "Chronicle of Nan'an Province" records: "The Duxian Wang Gongsheng Ancestral Hall is in the west of the Ancestral Master Temple, and Zhengde Has built a public ancestral hall." Sanyi Xian li system such as the house. The act of great virtue is not with the division. "Ganzhou Prefecture belongs to eleven counties, all of which have built the yangming princely ancestral hall. In the thirty-second year of Ming Jiajing, Shen Mi, a minister in Jiangxi Province, pointed out: "Ganzhou Prefecture belongs to eleven counties, and all of them have the ancestral hall of the former capital Yushi Yangming, which coexists majestically. Guy's meritorious articles in the front yard are enough to conquer the country of China at times; plotting for the army is enough for me to resist violence and defend the disaster. Nan and Ganshimin are thinking of it. ”
Zhengning Wang, which occurred in the fourteenth year of Zhengde (1519). In June of that year, Wang Yangming was sent to the Fujian Mutiny and marched to Fengcheng, where Zhu Chenhao, the king of Wenning, attacked in Nanchang. Wang Yangming immediately made a decision, returned to Ji'an, joined forces with Wu Wending, the prefect of Ji'an, to capture Nanchang, and captured Zhu Chenhao at Qiao Shesheng, successfully quelling the rebellion in just forty days, defusing a major political disaster and war scourge for the Ming Dynasty, and Wang Yangming's achievements reached its peak.
Of course, the success of Wang Yangming's conquest of Nangan and The success of Zhengning Wang is by no means an easy task. For Wang Yangming, every successful effort to calm down chaos and accomplish deeds is a time and again of ideological tempering and sublimation of the state of mind. In the process of quelling the flow of chaos in Nangan, Wang Yangming proposed that "it is easy to break the mountain and difficult to be a thief in the heart", and the word "conscience" is about to come out. After quelling the rebellion of King Ning, dealing with gossip from all sides and dealing with all kinds of difficulties and suspicions of those in power was the biggest problem that Wang Yangming encountered in his life. It was only at this time that the word "conscience" was finally revealed, so he particularly emphasized: "A certain conscience is derived from the difficulties of death, and it is not easy to see this." According to Mr. Chen Lai's research, it was in the fifteenth year of Zhengde after the rebellion of King Ning of Ding that Wang Yangming proposed in Ganzhou a "letter to conscience" to summarize the academic essence of his life.
In Wang Yangming's view, the word "conscience" is the essence and true meaning of his own lifelong scholarship, which is the true "way of the saints", which is not only realized in everyone's heart, "without learning, without worrying", but also in the tempering of "a hundred deaths and difficulties". Wang Yangming realized in "a hundred deaths and a thousand difficulties" that the "conscience" hidden in his heart is the mutual stimulation of scholarship and merit, and the ultimate driving force comes from "integrity" and from the responsibility to the country and society. In Wang Yangming's body, the integration of morality, meritorious service and speech is indispensable. [[i]] In other words, without Yang Ming's merits, there would be no Yang Ming's scholarship; without Yang Ming's scholarship, there would be no Yang Ming's merits, and Yang Ming's merits and scholarship are integrated in this part of Jiangxi. Therefore, Jiangxi is the most important region for the achievement of Wang Yangming's academic achievements.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="26" > (3) The inheritance and development of Yangmingxue by Jiangyou Wangmen</h1>
Huang Zongxi's "Case of Ming Confucianism" in the "Jiangyou Wangmen Study Case" includes 33 Jiangxi Yangming disciples and retransmission disciples including Zou Shouyi, which is the province with the largest number of Yangming disciples by region. Huang has a general evaluation of Jiangyou Wangmen:
Yao Jiang's learning, but Jiang's right is to get its inheritance, Dongkuo, Nian'an, Liangfeng, shuangjiang qixuan also. Then passed on to Tangnan and Simao, both of which can deduce the unfinished purpose of Yang Ming. It was shi Yuezhong who made a mistake, and the master said that it was the mouth of Du scholars, and Jiang You alone could break it, and the way of Yang Ming would not fall. Gai Yangming's lifelong spirit is on the right side of the river, and it is also appropriate to feel it.
Huang's evaluation of Jiangyou Wangmen was extremely high, believing that in the context of the wrong learning of Yang Ming's post-Yangming, the disciples of Jiangyou Wangmen could only break it, and the Yangming Way could be inherited without falling. Jiangyou Wangmen "pushed the original Yangming's unfinished purpose", and on the basis of inheriting Yangming's mind, there was innovation and development. Of course, different Yang Ming disciples had different understandings and elaborations, and they exchanged and debated with each other. All this has greatly enriched the connotation of Yangming xinxue and Yangming culture.
Jiangyou Wangmen has different characteristics in different regions. Mr. Qian Ming's research notes that due to differences in the political and business environment, the wangmen in Ganzhou and Ji'an in Jiangxi are different. Yangmingxue in Ganzhou is more of a "meritorious geography" and is mainly active in the Yangming era, while Ji'an has the "geo-cultural characteristics" of teacher inheritance and family inheritance, making it a center for the dissemination and development of Yangming in the Yangming and especially in the post-Yangming era.
The Gate of Yangming has a comment of "Jiang He Huang, Zhejiang Has a Rich King". "He, Huang, Qian and Wang" refers to He Tingren and Huang Honggang of Jiangxi and Qian Dehong and Wang Qi of Zhejiang, respectively. This comment was formed during the life of Yang Ming in the early years of Ming Jiajing, mainly because all four of them were "good at deducing the speaker's theory". After Yang Ming's death, this commentary was widely circulated and reprinted in Yang Ming's post-study and local history, with far-reaching influence. Jiangxi "He and Huang" are on a par with Zhejiang "Qian and Wang" and are widely circulated, in addition to being as good at deducing the teacher's theory as "Qian and Wang", but also because of the deep teacher-student friendship between them and Wang Yangming, as well as the township practice of knowing and acting as a disciple of Yangming, they have been recognized and respected by the regional society. "He and Huang" can not only participate in the academy's lectures and promote Wang Yangming's doctrine and thought, but also actively participate in social practice, and through their own practice, they will implement Yangmingxue. It plays an active role in local rural governance and public construction. Professor Li Fuming believes that the Jiangyou Wangmen, represented by Ji'an, once had the tendency and phenomenon of upgrading Yangmingxue to "Yangmingjiao", which means indoctrination and has the characteristics of clanization and popularization. This reflects that, to a large extent, Yangmingxue in Jiangxi has been transformed into an important cultural resource that moisturizes the silent and turns the people into customs.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="32" > (4) Township practice activities of Yangming scholars in Jiangxi</h1>
Yangming Mind science is a science in action. Guided by Yangming Xinxue, Yangming scholars in Jiangxi actively participated in various township practical activities such as the construction of their hometown academies, the transmission of lectures, the construction of cities and pools, local defense, the compilation of Fang Zhi, and the construction of clans, and interpreted their understanding of Yangming xinxue with practical actions.
The construction of the Yangming Ancestral Temple and the Yangming Academy and the dissemination of yangming heart science are important contents of the practice of The disciples of Yangming in Jiangxi. According to Liao Xiangnian's research, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, almost all the counties in Ganzhou and Nan'an provinces built Yangming Ancestral Temples; among them, the Yangming Ancestral Temple, where Ganzhou Fuzhi was located, was built as many as 12 times. Most of the people who presided over the construction of Yangming Academy were Yangming disciples, Yangming houxue or gentry who believed in Yangmingxue. According to Wang Jianbo's research, there are 5 yangming academies built in Ganzhou and Nan'an provinces, which are important places for Yangming disciples and Yangming disciples to inherit and develop Yangming xinxue.
Yangming scholars in Jiangxi are actively involved in local public affairs. For example, the Yangming scholars in Ji'an, who can uphold the academic position of the benevolence of all things, fully mobilize the academic community and family members, and play a backbone role in public affairs such as the reform of enlistment with the measurement of fields and the removal of empty dings as important contents, the construction of bridges, the establishment of righteous warehouses, and the implementation of township covenants, so that the relevant work can be successfully completed. In the township society, in addition to building colleges, holding lectures, disseminating scholarship, and actively promoting the grassroots of Yangming studies, some Yangming scholars have also closely integrated scholarship with clan building, taken the initiative to undertake the indoctrination of the townships, maintained rural social order, and even negotiated with the government for the interests of the villages, becoming an important local "clean-up" force. Some scholars believe that Wang Yangming's ideas of "township covenant" and "ten card methods", through the practice of Wang Menhouxue, combined with the development of clans in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, formed a "state organization of clans" in the Jifu area of Jiangxi, that is, the phenomenon of clans being incorporated into state administrative organizations and performing certain functions instead of local governments.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent chaos and self-defense, the villages of Gannan set off a "tucheng" construction movement. Among them, some of the hosts of the construction of the earthen city were people who had military merit in following Wang Yangming to quell the turmoil. For example, the Tan Bang City in Nankang, the host of its construction, Tan Joche, is an example. According to his genealogy: "In the fourteenth year of Ming Zhengde, the barrel gang cave in the upper stream of Jiangxi Was haunted by rebellion and unpredictable. Dayu, Nankang, and Shangyu were victimized, and King Shouren of Qianfu was ordered to requisition. When it is time, the Lord is the Prince, and the One who is the Only One who is the Lord is my ancestor Josh. ...... Where the ancestors lived, the neighboring border Bao Wu left no son's surname very fortunate, so he also ordered the prince, the prince to reinstate the heavenly son, and asked Ji Jian Tan Bang City as a surname guarantee. "The construction of Yangmei City in Dayu County is also similar, it is said that the Yangmei Wang Clan, following Wang Yangming to quell the chaos, played the role of building the city, and was allowed to build, "The Yangmei Wang Clan, living in the gathering of ethnic groups, the hometown of the clothing and etiquette religion." When The Prince of Yangming ruled Gannan, he allowed the city to be built. ”
The genealogy of the Yangmei King clan of Dayu contains the "Yangmei City Residence Map"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="84" >2, the content and characteristics of Yangming cultural resources in Jiangxi</h1>
(1) Jiangxi Yangming cultural inheritance is positive
The most prominent feature of Jiangxi Yangming culture is its positive inheritance. There are three reasons: Wang Yangming has made outstanding meritorious achievements in Jiangxi's administration, administration, counter-disorder, and indoctrination; Wang Yangming's teachings have been circulated in Jiangxi, and Jiangyou Wang's studies have been the most authentic and far-reaching; Jiangxi has a profound mass foundation, and people attach importance to Wang Yangming and Yangming's heart studies and carry out various practical activities under their guidance.
In his life's experience and deeds, Wang Yangming was married in Nanchang and served in Lulingzhi County, "for the sake of government and not to threaten punishment, only to enlighten people's hearts", "lying in June and doing a hundred things". For the governor of Nangan, he established a township covenant, carried out indoctrination, and within a year quelled the decades of "accumulation of kou", and his meritorious deeds reached its peak; then, forty days of pacifying the "rebel domain" that had been planned for a long time and openly raised troops, becoming the third civil servant of the Ming Dynasty to be named an earl with military merit, and his life's merits reached its peak. The "to conscience" that Wang Yangming used to summarize his thoughts on psychology was put forward when he gave lectures in various parts of Jiangxi; in a sense, it can be said that Wang Yangming was benevolent to Jiangxi, and Jiangxi achieved Wang Yangming.
Wang Yangming's teachings were transmitted in Jiangxi, and after jiangxi, he learned his true transmission and had a far-reaching influence in Jiangxi. The Yangming disciples in Jiangxi have formed a huge Yangming school - The Jiangyou school, the Jiangyou school has a very high reputation in the local area, Huang Zongxi has said that "the spirit of Yangming's life is in Jiangyou", they have explained and developed Yangmingxue, and used it as a party to educate the idea, rooted in the grassroots, and constantly expanded the influence of Yangming theory. For example, Yang Ming's Ji'an disciples Zou Shouyi and Ouyang De were known for their faithfulness to the teacher's teachings. Zou Shouyi's most fundamental idea is "to guard against fear", and Zou Shouyi believes that "to guard against fear is therefore to conscience". This is in line with Wang Yangming's belief that "to be afraid is to know, but if you don't know who is afraid?" This insight flows into the meditation of cessation. Zou Shouyi also advocated the acquisition of a conscience mind through gradual cultivation of kung fu, which was also inherited from Wang Yangming. In addition, He Tingren and Huang Honggang in "Jiang He Huang, Rich King of Zhejiang" were widely praised for their good deduction of the teacher's sayings, and He Tingren and Huang Honggang's exposition of the teacher's theory was manifested in two aspects: First, they could deeply understand Wang Yangming's theory; The second is to be able to explain the knowledge learned to the newcomers in a simple and simple way. The two have a high awareness of Wang Yangming's ideological study, and are good at educating the people, while actively participating in the construction of local local culture, playing an active role in changing customs and regional social governance, and are respected by people.
(2) Jiangxi Yangming culture is widely distributed
Wang Yangming's footprints are all over Jiangxi, and the existing 11 prefectures and cities have Yangming footprints. In particular, Ganzhou, Ji'an and Nanchang, as the places where Wang Yangming worked, are the most widely distributed areas of Yangming culture. Nangan is an important place of practice for Wang Yangming's "virtue, speech, and meritorious service", Wang Yangming governed in these areas, lectured, countered rebellion, and promoted indoctrination, especially during Wang Yangming's pacification of turmoil, he left footprints in various counties and left many historical marks, including inscriptions, poems and other works, and many Yangming legends and stories were also circulated in these areas. Taking the inscriptions left by Wang Yangming's inspectors of Nangan and Jiangxi as an example, only in the Nangan area, Chongyi, Longnan, Zhanggong, Yudu, etc. are distributed, and the volume is large and the content is different. In addition, Lushan in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Also has an inscription by Mr. Yang Ming: Wang Yangming's "Pingchen Hao Monument" and Wang Yangming's "Overnight Stay in Tianchi" poem. These are very important Yangming cultural resources. Wang Yangming also likes to educate the people through lectures, and at the same time spread his own spiritual ideas, in Jiangxi, he often preached in various places, leaving behind many relics of lecture places.
Yangming disciples are all over Jiangxi. In Huang Zongxi's "Case of Ming Confucianism", there are thirty-three Yangming disciples included in jiangyouwangmen, and these disciples are distributed in Ji'an, Ganzhou, Fuzhou, Nanchang and other places. There are countless other disciples, disciples, and followers who are not included. Some scholars have researched that during the Ming Dynasty of Yang Ming's master, there were about 134 disciples in Ji'an, Jiangxi, including 49 disciples in Ji'an area, and 75 disciples in Zaichuan and Private Shu. It can be said that there are many disciples, these people are distributed in different regions in Ji'an, or on the side of the government, or for the local elite, they mostly take yangming xinxue as the guide to actively participate in local affairs and participate in social practice. In addition, there are also many Yangming disciples in the Gannan region. After studying and sorting out the History of Southern Gannan, some scholars found that there were 35 famous Andi yangming disciples in gannan county, and the Yangming disciples in Yudu County were the most numerous in the counties, followed by Huichang County and Xingguo. The number of people in Ningdu, Nankang, Dayu, Ganxian and Xinfeng is relatively small, and there is no record of Yangming disciples in the remaining counties, and the geographical distribution of Yangming disciples in Gannan reflects the depth of influence of Yangming in Gannan counties. He Tingren and Huang Honggang were the most outstanding academic leaders in Gannan Province, and because they were good at illustrating the teachings of the master, they enjoyed the title of "Jiang He Huang and Zhejiang Rich King" in the door, and the two of them trained a large number of Yangming scholars in the teaching activities of Yudu, which in turn promoted the development of the entire Yangming Houxue in Gannan Province.
The main way for YangMing disciples to carry forward Yangming studies is to carry out teaching activities. For example, the teaching activities of Yangming disciples in Gannan mainly rely on Yangming Academy, Yangming Ancestral Temple, Family Academy, and some places of interest and historical sites as venues, and the participants in the lectures are mainly organizers mainly local officials, who undertake the work of gathering and providing funds. The benign interaction of these three has greatly promoted the spread of Yangmingxue in the Nangan area, and has also profoundly affected the local social culture. Like the township practice of Yangming scholars in Ji'an, Yangming disciples in the Nangan area are also actively participating in social practice, especially in local public affairs, which to a certain extent highlights the unique social care and responsibility of Yangming disciples.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="49" > (3) There are many cultural relics in Yangming, Jiangxi</h1>
Jiangxi is the area with the richest cultural heritage in Yangming. There are more than 20 material relics related to Wang Yangming and Yangming Houxue, which are located in most prefectures and cities in the province. Nanchang, Ji'an, Ganzhou and other places where Yangming worked have preserved a very rich remnant of Yangming culture. These relics can be roughly divided into Yangming Academy, Yangming Ancestral Temple, Yangming Inscription, Yangming Literature, and all other material relics related to Wang Yangming, etc. The remains of these three places cover a wide range and variety, and concentrate on the typical characteristics of The cultural relics of Yangming in Jiangxi. At the same time, the Yangming Xinxue ideological system, various Yangming cultural legends and stories, poetry and prose and other intangible cultural relics spread by Wang Yangming and Yangming Houxue in Jiangxi are also circulating throughout Jiangxi, affecting the development of local social culture.
Taking the Yangming poetry inscription with the largest stock, relatively complete preservation, and the characteristics of both the diversity of material cultural resources and the richness of intangible cultural resources as an example, there are Four Geographical Distributions of Yangming Poetry Inscriptions in the Nangan area alone. Including Chongyi County Barrel River Wang Yangming and His Subordinate Inscription, Longnan County Jade Immortal Rock Wang Yangming and His Subordinate Inscription, Yudu County Luotianyan Wang Yangming and Menren Inscription, Ganzhou Tongtianyan Wang Yangming and Doorman Inscription, etc. [20]1. The contents of these inscriptions are some articles documenting military achievements, and some are poems written by Wang Yangming himself, his subordinates, or Yang Ming's disciples, and they are rich in content.
The inscriptions of Wang Yangming and his subordinates in Chongyi County include: Wang Yangming's "Pingchaliao Stele", Wang Yangming's "Pingshe" poem, Wang Yangming's "Ji Gongyan" inscription, two poems by Wu Wen, Li Jing's inscription "Li Jing" with the conscription supervisor, and Li Jing's "Rhyme with the Commander of the Headquarters of the Battalion". The inscriptions of Wang Yangming and his subordinates in Longnan County's Jade Rock include: Wang Yangming's "Pinghutou Stele", Wang Yangming's "Title Longnan Yushi Rock" five poems, Wang Yangming's "Crossing Meiling" poem, Xing Martyrdom poems two, Xing Martyrdom's "Yangming Xiaodongtian" inscription, Yang Zhang's three poems, Wenyun poems, six dangerous life poems, six Miao Ming poems, six Fang Kan poems, and six Yu En poems. Inscriptions by Wang Yangming and his disciples in Luotianyan, Yudu County, including: Wang Yangming's "Guan Shan Yan" and Xiao Prologue Inscription, He Chun's "Guan Shan Yan Record". The inscriptions of Wang Yangming and his disciples in Ganzhou Tongtianyan include: a poem by Wang Yangming's "Tongtianyan", a poem by Liang Zhuo, a poem by Zhou Zhong, Zou Shouyi-Chen Jiuchuan's "Record of Youtong Tianyan", Yu Guang and other joint poems, and so on.
Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Unit, Pingchaliao Monument of Chongyi County
(4) The influence of Yangming culture in Jiangxi is profound
Jiang's right king's gate, a vein of positive transmission. Because of the profound connotation and unique charm of Wang Yangming's teachings, Wang Yangming has many disciples, disciples and followers in Jiangxi, including some elite elements. They inherited the Yangming Mind Study and promoted it and developed it, "can push forward the unfinished purpose of the original Yang Ming", and will put the Yang Ming Doctrine into practice. For example, Yang Ming's Jiangxi disciples He Tingren and Huang Honggang not only were good at deducing the teachings of the teachers themselves, but also devoted themselves to the development of Yangming Houxue in their hometown, and trained a large number of latecomers; at the same time, they actively participated in local affairs such as changing customs and customs, local defense, and the construction of Yangming Ancestral Temple, interpreting the practical learning of Yangmingxue with practical actions. Their series of township practices of combining knowledge and action have been widely recognized and vigorously respected by the regional society, and their influence is far-reaching, so Yang Minghou has the saying of "Jiang He Huang and Zhejiang Qian Wang".
The reconstruction of the township covenant and the Nangan township covenant have promoted the transformation of folk customs in the Nangan area. Wang Yangming, in order to ensure the long-term peace and stability of the Nangan area, paid attention to the indoctrination of the local people, and knew that "it is easy to break the mountain and the thief in the heart", so he implemented the Nangan Township Treaty, which stipulates the public morality that all the people in the township must abide by, with a total of sixteen articles. Its purpose is to change the local strong folk customs, strengthen the local etiquette system constraints, cultivate good people and cultivate benevolent folk customs. Practice has proved that the Nangan Township Covenant has strong operability and has played a certain positive role in preventing the people from "committing disturbances," cultivating mellow folk customs, and rebuilding good order in the countryside. To this day, in the genealogy of many rural clans in the Gannan region, there are also relevant provisions recorded or become local ethnic training, which are inherited.
Restore sociology, develop education, And Yangming culture will go deep into the masses and into the people. Wang Yangming's implementation of the Ten Houses Law and the Nangan Township Covenant when Nangan broke the heart of thieves promoted the transformation of local folk customs, but this was a passive practice and could not fundamentally enable the people to establish moral concepts. As a result, Wang Yangming resumed social studies in the Nangan area, established a college, and carried out systematic traditional moral education. Due to the deep accumulation of shortcomings, social studies in the middle of the Ming Dynasty were already in name only in the country, and it was necessary to educate the people. Due to Wang Yangming's vigorous deduction, the sociology of the Nangan area was restored, and in the process of promoting indoctrination, it played a real role in promoting the improvement of the traditional moral concepts of the people in the Nangan area and making the people abide by discipline and law.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="85" >3, the innovative development and creative transformation of Jiangxi Yangming culture</h1>
(1) The innovative development of Yangming culture
The innovative development of Yangming culture means that Yangmingxue should be inherited and developed on the basis of analysis, and given modern values and new expressions. We must look at Wang Yangming and Yangmingxue dialectically, not only to see their value, but also not to ignore their limitations. For a long time after the founding of New China, Wang Yangming was criticized and spurned as an executioner who suppressed the peasant uprising and a representative of reactionary psychology. However, at the moment when YangMing fever was rising again, Wang Yangming and Yangmingxue were excessively beautified and deified. These two extreme understandings are not in line with objective facts, and are not conducive to inheritance and innovation.
Persist in taking Marxism as the guide. It is necessary to evaluate Wang Yangming and Yangmingxue from the viewpoint of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, specifically, to be understood in the context of the development of Chinese Confucian culture, the social transformation of the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and the specific experience of Wang Yangming himself, and it is not possible to depart from a specific time-space personnel background and only comment on space-to-air from a metaphysical point of view; to comprehensively and systematically analyze and grasp Yangmingology, it is not appropriate to preconceivate and take it out of context. Only in this way can Wang Yangming be simply summarized in a label, and only then will Yangmingxue be regarded as an absolute understanding of dualistic opposition or one-or; only in this way can we make objective and dialectical analysis and evaluation, scientifically refine the contemporary values and spiritual cores contained in Yangmingxue, and lay a solid historical foundation and logical premise for the innovative development of Yangming culture.
Adhere to the service demand-oriented. As an important part of China's excellent traditional culture, Yangming culture is excavated, inherited and innovated by us, that is, to effectively exert its modern value. At present, in order to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the innovative development of Yangming culture is to serve the construction of socialist core values, to serve the construction of cultural self-confidence and cultural power, and to serve the higher demand of the broad masses of people for spiritual culture. It is necessary to give New Connotations of the times the core ideas of Yang Mingxue, such as "heart is reason," "to conscience," "unity of knowledge and action," "mingde and affinity for the people," and "benevolence of all things," as well as Wang Yangming's practical spirit of boldly innovating, putting the people first, and having the courage to take responsibility in the practice of government, and to use words and forms that modern people like to hear and hear well, and to tell well the story of Wang Yangming's culture.
Adhere to the basis of academic innovation. Yang Mingxue built a complete philosophical system with a unique Chinese cultural style, which had an influence as far as many southeast Asian countries, and became the ideological precursor of its Meiji Restoration in Japan, which had a major impact on its modernization process. We must base ourselves on China, look at the world, face mankind, and face the future, use modern academic discourse to innovate and develop the core ideas of Yangmingxue, and innovate and develop the expression form of Yangming culture. It is necessary to strengthen exchanges and dialogues with overseas Yangming studies, participate in the construction and active grasp of academic discourse, and provide a solid Chinese experience and Chinese discourse with Yangming culture as the content for carrying forward the Chinese spirit, disseminating Chinese values, and building and prospering a philosophical and social science system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style. We must comprehensively collect and sort out The Yangming literature, not only to collect and sort out the classic literature of Wang Yangming and Yangmingxue, but also to collect and sort out the local literature and folk literature on Wang Yangming and Yangmingxue, so as to provide a solid data foundation for the innovative development of Yangmingxue. In the process of urbanization, the collection and collation of various rare literature of Wang Yangming and Yangming houxue scattered in the vast countryside of Jiangxi has become particularly urgent.
Huichang Yangming later studied Hu Yijian's "Xiangjiang Small Covenant Sequence", republic of China's "Huiyi Hu Clan Continued Cultivation Genealogy", Wang Yangming Research Center Data Room collection
(2) The creative transformation of Yangming culture
The Yangming culture, which was born in ancient China, must be creatively transformed and innovatively developed in order to exert its contemporary values led by its spirit. The creative transformation of Yangming culture is to create practical and feasible carrier mechanisms on the basis of refining its spiritual core, and through these carrier mechanisms, the spiritual core of Yangming culture will be transformed into living cultural resources that serve the construction of realpolitik economy and society.
The creative transformation of Yangming culture should play a leading role in governments at all levels from the central to the local level. At present, in the places where Wang Yangming has been active, especially in Zhejiang, where Wang Yangming was born, Guizhou, where he has done his deeds, and Jiangxi, where he has done meritorious deeds, his colleges and universities, enterprises, social organizations, and non-governmental organizations have set up institutions, founded publications, compiled reading materials, and carried out activities with Yangming culture as the theme, setting off a Yangming fever. In addition, various online media, especially new self-media, also produce, push and disseminate a large number of information with the theme of Wang Yangming and Yangming culture. These Yangming cultural activities are diverse in form, novel in carrier, diverse in subject, wide in participation and influential. However, in general, most of these Yangming cultural activities are in a spontaneous state and lack organizational guidance; most of their understanding and evaluation of Wang Yangming tend to be sanctified and deified, and lack objective rationality. This status quo is not conducive to the promotion of Wang Yangming's moral personality, sense of innovation, people-friendly thinking and spirit of responsibility, and is not conducive to the creative transformation of Yangming culture. Therefore, the government must take the initiative to intervene, strengthen leadership, establish the necessary mechanisms, and realize the organic combination of talents, funds, technology and the creative transformation project of Yangming culture to ensure the correct leading direction.
Combined with the construction of a culture of integrity. Wang Yangming entered politics and has rich experience. From local zhixian to high-ranking officials in the imperial court; from idle posts in the capital to feudal officials, Wang Yangming can be people-oriented, loyal to the country, honest and honest, brave in taking responsibility, good at taking responsibility, leaving us with valuable cultural resources of honesty. In this regard, we can create carriers, such as organizing personnel to conduct comprehensive and systematic research, and through compiling reading books for party members and leading cadres on the theme of Wang Yangming's honesty and honesty in government, filming historical and cultural documentaries on the theme of Wang Yangming's honesty and honesty in government, and holding special lectures on Wang Yangming's honesty in government, and so on, so on, to transform Yangming culture into resources for the construction of a culture of honesty and honesty.
Combined with the construction of public culture. Wang Yangming and Yangmingxue are compulsory contents of the Chinese history curriculum in the basic education stage, and teachers and students can be guided to explore the function of relevant content in educating people through the creation of mechanisms. In the places where Wang Yangming has been active, teachers can be guided to actively develop school-based courses with Wang Yangming as the theme, so as to promote the creative transformation of Yangming culture. In the places where Wang Yangming was active, a large number of Yangming Ancestral Temples and Yangming Academies were built during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the remains of these Ancestral Temples and Academies should be protected, or through reconstruction, the creative transformation of Yangmingxue should have a material carrier. In addition, we can advocate the construction of museums and exhibition halls with the themes of Wang Yangming and Yangmingxue, so that they can become an important place to carry history and inherit civilization.
Combined with the development of cultural industries. Wang Yangming lived in the transition period of the Ming Dynasty, and his life was magnificent, he was a saint who realized the three immortals of meritorious service and speech, and was one of the few first-class figures in Chinese history. It can create literary works with Wang Yangming as the theme, shoot film and television dramas with Wang Yangming as the theme, arrange stage plays and dramas with Wang Yangming as the theme, and create animation films with Wang Yangming as the theme, so as to realize the creative transformation of Yangming culture in the innovation and development of the cultural industry.
Combined with the development of the tourism industry. The places where Wang Yangming has been active, especially in Zhejiang, Guizhou, Jiangxi and other places, still have a large number of related historical sites and relics, leaving a large number of folk legends and stories, and some have even been transformed into local folk customs. By creating a tourism boutique route with Wang Yangming as the theme, the creative transformation of Yangming culture can be realized in the process of promoting the development of the tourism industry.
(3) Issues that should be paid attention to in the development and utilization
The relationship between academic research and development and utilization. The development and utilization of cultural resources should be based on academic research; the development and utilization of Yangming culture should also be based on the academic research of Yangming culture. On the basis of comprehensively and accurately grasping the connotation of Yangming culture, it is necessary to integrate it into the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, the construction of ecological civilization, the construction of a culture of honest government, the development of cultural tourism industry, and the construction of public culture. On the basis of solid and rigorous academic discussions, it is necessary to accurately grasp the content and characteristics of Jiangxi Yangming culture in order to accurately position and achieve the effective development and utilization of differentiation. The development and utilization of Yangming culture cannot be without material carriers. To this end, on the one hand, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive census of the remains of Yangming culture and take measures to effectively protect them; it is necessary to adhere to the basic principle that protection is the premise of development and utilization; on the other hand, it is also advisable to restore and rebuild some important Yangming cultural carriers, such as the Nangan Inspector Fu yamen and the Yangming Academy in Ganzhou, on the basis of historical facts. Jiangxi has a large number of Yangming legends and stories, which are also part of Yangming culture. However, when developing and utilizing, it is necessary to distinguish between history and stories, and strive to know both history and tell good stories, especially to tell the story of Yangming culture according to history. Do not make something out of nothing, far-fetched, arbitrary fabrication, and laugh generously.
The relationship between Yangming culture inside and outside the province. Yangming cultural resources throughout the country, especially in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guizhou as the most prosperous. In the development and utilization of Yangming cultural resources in Jiangxi, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the development and utilization of Yangming cultural resources in other provinces. On the one hand, Jiangxi should base itself on its own position and characteristics in the national Yangming culture, develop and utilize it from the perspective of Jiangxi Province, and promote the revitalization and development of Jiangxi; on the other hand, it must not ignore the development and utilization of Yangming cultural resources in other provinces, especially Zhejiang and Guizhou, and strive to promote the construction of an inter-provincial Yangming cultural resources development and utilization mechanism with an open and inclusive attitude, so as to achieve coordinated innovation and development of cross-provincial Yangming cultural resources. As far as Jiangxi Province is concerned, Ganzhou, Ji'an, Nanchang, Jiujiang, Shangrao and other cities have rich Yangming cultural resources, and different connotations and characteristics are presented in different places due to the differences in the historical activities of Wang Yangming and Yangming Houxue. Therefore, the development and utilization of Jiangxi Yangming culture also has a problem of overall planning and collaborative innovation in the province. Only overall planning and collaborative innovation can integrate and integrate, complement each other's advantages, form a synergy, and enhance charm; can we avoid blind development, fight for each other, build a homogeneous structure, vicious competition, and reduce quality; can we help build the Yangming cultural brand and boost economic and social development.
The relationship between Yangming culture and other cultures. In history, Jiangxi is the birthplace of important cultures such as "red culture", "ceramic culture", "academy culture", "rice cultivation culture", "Hakka culture" and "opera culture", and is a major cultural province in China. Yangming culture, like the above cultures, is an important part of Jiangxi regional culture. They are integrated with each other, penetrate each other, live in harmony and symbiosis, and are all important components of China's excellent traditional culture. Therefore, the development and utilization of Yangming culture should be organically combined with the development and utilization of other Jiangxi regional cultures to form an overall advantage. Taking the integration of Yangming culture into the tourism industry in Ganzhou as an example, the design of Yangming cultural tourism research routes can be organically combined with the tourism research routes of red culture and Hakka culture; because these three cultures are highly compatible in the space of tourism research routes, and the three cultures are deeply integrated in the spiritual theme. Excavating the integration of Yangming culture into the development of Jiangxi's tourism and cultural industry is by no means a dilution of Yangming culture, let alone covering other Jiangxi characteristic cultures, on the contrary, it should add luster to the development of other Jiangxi characteristic cultural industries.
Jiangxi Yangming culture to the international strategic issue. In the new era, China is actively integrating into the world with a new attitude and more actively, actively promoting the construction of the "Belt and Road" and building a community with a shared future for mankind, and contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the development of the world. In this context, ideas such as "the benevolence of all things" advocated by Yang Mingxinxue coincide with the grand ambition of building a community with a shared future for mankind, and have become one of the important sources of thought for the common rationality of mankind. To realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is necessary to carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, enhance the soft power and world influence of Chinese culture, and actively promote Chinese culture to the world. In the excavation, research, inheritance and promotion of Yangming culture, Jiangxi has more responsibility and unique local advantages than anywhere else in the country. Combined with academic exchange activities, cultural exhibitions, the release of Chinese and English books, documentary publicity and other ways, diversified and multi-channel promotion of Yangming culture, relying on the project, to convey the voice of Jiangxi, tell the story of China. To make Yangming culture go to the world on a larger scale and influence the world, this has a profound historical origin and practical significance.
In December 2019, the Yangming Cultural Foreign Exchange Event was held in Tokyo, Japan