In February 1936, when Chairman Mao led the Red Army north to Yuanjiagou in Qingjian County, Shaanxi Province, it suddenly snowed in the sky.
When Chairman Mao, who had worked all night, strolled out of the cave and looked at the northwest plateau when the snow was first clear, he suddenly became full of poetry and decided to create a poem to retain this magnificent scene.
On the night of February 7, the cave where Chairman Mao lived was cold and windy, and the inside of the cave was brightly lit. Chairman Mao, who had stood in front of the military map for a long time, lit a cigarette, walked to a two-foot square, paint-mottled Kang table, spread out the white linen paper produced in northern Shaanxi, and after a moment of contemplation, he wrote down a poem of magnificent mountains and rivers:
"The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow, looking at the Great Wall and beyond, but the rest is reckless...
That night, the magnificent "Qinyuan Spring Snow" was completed in one go.
"Qinyuan Spring Snow"
However, after the qinyuan spring and snow was written, Chairman Mao did not show or mention the word to anyone, so for the next 9 years, no one heard a single word of this word.
It was not until 1945, when Chairman Mao presented the poem to a friend during negotiations in Chongqing, that "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" became known to the world.
The magnificent "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" soon caused a sensation in the entire mountain city, and Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang was very dissatisfied with this, and in order to "suppress" Chairman Mao's poem, he specially summoned his "literary boldness" Chen Bray and asked him to also write the first "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" in order to "overpower Mao Zedong's limelight."
Chen Brei knew that he could not write a poem comparable to it, so he passed on the "task" layer by layer. Immediately afterward, a large number of "literati and scholars" under the control of the Kuomintang began to create their own "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", and the two parties even carried out a "pen war".
So, what is the final result of this storm caused by "Qinyuan Spring and Snow"? Did Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang ever overpower the limelight of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow"?
Chiang Kai-shek
This story begins with the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communists in August 1945.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="235" > gift to Shiliu Yazi</h1>
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek sent three consecutive telegrams to yan'an, inviting Chairman Mao to Chongqing to participate in peace talks.
In order to demonstrate our Party's sincerity in peaceful nation-building, Chairman Mao flew to Chongqing on August 28, 1945, accompanied by U.S. Ambassador to China Hurley and Kuomintang representative Zhang Zhizhong, to chongqing to conduct peace talks with Chiang Kai-shek.
On the third day after Chairman Mao arrived in Chongqing, he met with an old friend at the "Zhou Mansion" no. 50 Zengjiayan, where the CPC delegation was stationed: Mr. Liu Yazi, a kuomintang elder, a famous patriotic democrat, and a poet.
During the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, Chairman Mao served as acting head of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, and Liu Yazi was a member of the Kuomintang Central Supervision Committee at that time.
Liu Yazi
Therefore, the two old friends who met again had a very happy chat, and even after Liu Yazi returned to the apartment, she still kept recalling the scene of this meeting, and wrote a seven-sentence poem that night:
"On August 30, 1945, Zeng Jiayan of Yuzhou presented Mao Zedong"
Farewell to Yangcheng nineteen autumns, reunion handshake Xiyuzhou.
The heavens are brave and honest, and the people everywhere are in chaos.
Linyu Cangsheng new country, Yunlei Qingshi old boat.
Zhongshan Carr double source, a smile Kunlun on top of the head.
On September 6, Chairman Mao, together with Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei, rushed to Jinnan Village, Nankai Middle School in Shapingba, Chongqing, to visit Liu Yazi.
During the conversation, Liu Yazi gave Chairman Mao the poem he had written a week ago and asked Chairman Mao if he could give it back. Chairman Mao very modestly stated that he did not dare to "get an axe at the door" in front of the great poets.
Chairman Mao and Liu Yazi
Liu Yazi, fearing Chairman Mao's refusal, said, "Didn't you write a lot of poems during the Long March?" It is also possible to copy the song "Seven Laws and Long March" to me. ”
Chairman Mao smiled and said, "Well, let me go back and think about it." ”
For the next month, Chairman Mao, because he had to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek, did not have time to think about which poem to give back to Liu Yazi.
However, Chairman Mao was a man who kept his word, and he never forgot about it. On the evening of October 7, Chairman Mao, who had finally taken the time to do so, roughly filtered out the poems he had written on the Long March Road, and felt that none of them were suitable for Liu Yazi.
Chairman Mao
When Chairman Mao walked out of his room to enjoy the night view of the mountain city of Chongqing while thinking, he suddenly thought of the snow in Yuanjiagou in Shaanxi Province, and he couldn't help but be dazzled: "Now that the War of Resistance Against Japan has been victorious, it is most appropriate to give Liu Yazi "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" that praises the proletariat's leadership Chinese people to carry out revolution. ”
Thinking of this, Chairman Mao quickly returned to his room and picked up a letterhead from the "Chongqing Office of the 18th Group Army" and silently wrote "Qinyuan Spring and Snow." After that, he picked up a new letterhead and wrote: "When I first arrived in northern Shaanxi and saw heavy snow, I filled in a poem that seemed to be slightly closer to Mr. Mister's poem. ”
Chairman Mao copied Liu Yazi's "Qinyuan Spring snow"
Early the next morning, Chairman Mao sent someone to deliver the two letterheads to Liu Yazi's residence.
"Look at the present dynasty, good words, good words, good words!" Liu Yazi read the words given to him by Chairman Mao, and couldn't help but marvel at it, feeling that this was a "song that has been sung for eternity", and even lyricists like Su Shi and Xin Shuyi could not resist.
After reciting it several times, Liu Yazi's poem flourished, and he immediately made a new poem according to the original rhyme: "Qinyuan Chun, Ciyun Mao Runzhi went to northern Shaanxi to see the work of heavy snow.".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="252" > verb mountain city</h1>
Liu Yazi regarded this poem made by Chairman Mao as a "treasure in words", and his relatives and friends came to taste and watch it after they knew about it.
Liu Yazi had a good friend named Yin Shoushi, a famous painter at that time, he could be said to be in love with this word, and after constantly grinding and hard bubbles, he successfully let Liu Yazi give the original manuscript of "Qinyuan Spring Snow" and the words he made himself.
Liu Yazi believes that if such a good word is only spread among a few people, it is tantamount to a pearl of dust, so he specially copied the original work together with his own singing and works to the Chongqing "Xinhua Daily" newspaper.
The person in charge of the Xinhua Ribao also greatly appreciated the chairman's masterpiece and wanted to send this word out immediately; the problem was that although Chairman Mao liked to write old style words, he never advocated it. Moreover, this poem may cause some misunderstandings, and in order to publish it, it is necessary to consult Chairman Mao himself.
The problem was that at that time, Chairman Mao was preparing to sign the "Minutes of the Meeting between the Government and the CPC Deputies" (that is, the Double Tenth Agreement) with Chiang Kai-shek, and the person in charge of the Xinhua Daily, in order not to distract the chairman, found Zhou Enlai and asked for instructions that it should be handled in this way.
On October 11, 1945, Chairman Mao flew out of Chongqing by plane and flew back to Yan'an, and on the same day, Xinhua Daily published Liu Yazi's "Qinyuan Chun Ciyun Mao Runzhi Goes to Northern Shaanxi to See heavy snow."
As soon as Liu Yazi's masterpiece was published, it immediately caused a huge sensation throughout Chongqing. Prior to this, the Kuomintang authorities had made a big fuss about Chairman Mao's image, and many people did not know that Chairman Mao could even write lyrics.
At the same time that the "Xinhua Daily" published Liu Yazi's "Qinyuan Spring", it also published Liu Yazi's inscription on "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", and everyone wanted to see what Liu Yazi called "although Su and Xin Yu failed to resist" in the end, and whether it could deserve such high praise.
Immediately afterward, Chongqing's cultural circles and newspaper circles invariably set off a boom in the "search for "Qinyuan Spring and Snow". Among these people, the one who is most enthusiastic about this matter is Wu Zuguang, editor of the supplement of Chongqing's Xinmin Bao Evening Magazine, "Western Night Tan". He searched for a long time and finally found a transcription of "Qinyuan Spring Snow", but unfortunately because you copied me and I copied you, the word he got was incomplete, and there were two sentences missing from it.
Unwilling to fail, Wu Zuguang finally found two broken versions of "Qinyuan Spring Snow" after unremitting searching, and spelled out the original words intact according to the meaning of the words. Later, under the name "Mao Ci Qinyuan Chun", he published it in the November 14 supplement of the "Xinmin Bao Evening Magazine".
Wu Zuguang
As soon as Chairman Mao's masterpiece was published, it immediately caused a sensation in the entire mountain city. Soon after, newspapers such as the Ta Kung Pao also reprinted and published two poems by Mao Singing Liuhe. At that time, whether young or old, on the street or in the teahouse, you could basically hear the debate about the word, including those who admired it and those who slandered it.
According to incomplete statistics, in 1945, "Qinyuan Spring" and no less than 51 words were published, and nearly 20 articles commenting on "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" became a major event in the literary world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="262" > crows and cicadas, you can spray rice</h1>
Soon, Chiang Kai-shek also heard about the "Mao Zedong word for mountain city". For Chiang Kai-shek, this is not something to be happy about.
Chiang Kai-shek did not really want chairman Mao to come to Chongqing for negotiations because he did not really want to coexist peacefully with our party and jointly build a country; the reason why he did so was because he did not want future generations to say that he was the initiator of the civil war, so he had the trick of "three telegrams inviting Mao to Chongqing to meet."
Everyone could see that this was a feast at the Gate of Hongmen, and Chiang Kai-shek gambled that Chairman Mao would not dare to come to Chongqing, so that he could push the charge of waging a civil war on Chairman Mao and our Party. As a result, Chairman Mao came directly and generously, and relied on his personal charm to make a splash in Chongqing, which made Chiang Kai-shek very indignant.
Chairman Mao and Chiang Kai-shek
Now that Mao Zedong himself has left Chongqing, one of his words has set off a huge wave in Chongqing, how not to make Chiang Kai-shek feel "depressed."
When Chiang Kai-shek finished reading the "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" sent by his subordinates, although he was very dissatisfied in his heart, he put aside his personal prejudices, Chiang Kai-shek could not help but sigh that this was indeed a masterpiece, no wonder some people called it "a rare piece in ancient and modern times", and even Chiang Kai-shek wanted to write a poem himself and "compete with it".
Although Chiang Kai-shek did not have many "masterpieces" left in the world, when he was a child, he also read the Four Books and Five Classics, learned the art of words, and even wrote several poems, such as "Ah, the anger of the good revolution, ah!" This raging wave that overwhelms the sea. It has already taken the power of nature and carried it from the Pearl River to the Yangtze River, "Steaming and killing the whole world, the force is not as good as everything else", and so on.
Although Chiang Kai-shek very much wanted to personally write the first word and Mao's words to "compete for superiority," he also knew that he had a few pounds and a few pounds, and if he really wanted to write it out, it would be "to stop increasing the laughter," but he was not willing to be suppressed by Mao Zedong like this, and when he wanted to come and go, Chiang Kai-shek thought of an "idea" and summoned Chen Bui, executive committee member of the Kuomintang Central Committee and deputy secretary general of the Central Political Conference, to his office.
Chen Bray was a well-known literary hero in China at that time, and he was also Chiang Kai-shek's "literary bladder"; after Chiang Kai-shek saw Chen Brei, he pretended to be fine and asked: "Mr. Bray, how do you think Mao Zedong wrote this poem "Qinyuan Spring"? Chen Brei thought about it and said: "This word is extraordinary, and it can be said that it is a rare masterpiece in today's lyrics." ”
Chiang Kai-shek coughed dryly after hearing this, and then asked: "Is there nothing unsatisfactory about this word?" Chen Bray thought for a moment and said, "No." ”
Seeing the situation, Chiang Kai-shek decided to say it more clearly: "I see that his words have imperial thoughts in them, he wants to engage in retro, he wants to be the ancestor of Tang Zong and Song Dynasty, and he wants to be the king and hegemon!" ”
Chen Bray
Chen Brei saw that Chiang Kai-shek was already a little angry, so he followed him and said, "This is indeed the meaning of this. ”
Chiang Kai-shek nodded with satisfaction, posed as a "widow can be taught," and then said: "You hurry up and organize a group of people, so that the people of the whole country know that he did not come to Chongqing to negotiate, but to claim the title of emperor!" ”
After Chen Brei left Chiang Kai-shek's office, he immediately found a large group of Kuomintang propagandists and published articles criticizing "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" in the Kuomintang imperial newspaper. However, this baseless attack by the Kuomintang side did not have any effect, but made "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" more famous.
Soon after, Wang Ruofei sent the articles he had collected in the Kuomintang imperial newspapers to Yan'an, along with Liu Yazi's words, and Chairman Mao laughed at them after reading them, dismissing them as "crows and cicadas are noisy, and they can spray rice." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="275" > fog are "snowball"</h1>
Chiang Kai-shek could not help but be very angry when he saw that his plan to criticize "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" had not worked, so he once again called Chen Brei to his office and said to him: "You also write me an article to suppress Mao Zedong's momentum!" ”
Chen Brei, who was deeply self-aware, knew that he absolutely could not write a word that overwhelmed "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" in momentum; after much deliberation, he ran to Chiang Kai-shek's office again and said that he could "brainstorm and wisdom" and find a few more literati and inkers to write "Qinyuan Spring," and he could absolutely compare Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow."
With Chiang Kai-shek's consent, Chen Bray ran to the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee and asked them to propagate Chiang Kai-shek's will and have each of the party departments at all levels write a few "Qinyuan Spring" poems to suppress Mao Zedong's momentum.
The first to respond to the "call" was Yi Junzuo, a major general design member of the Design Committee of the General Political Department of the Kuomintang Military Commission, who published a poem "Qinyuan Chun and Mao Zedong Liu Yazi" in the "Peace Daily" on December 4, 1945, in which Yi Junzuo called on "the world's lyricists to 'surround and annihilate'Qinyuan Chun Xue'". "As for the body of the word, it can be said that it is dirty and unsightly.
For example, in the words Yi Junzuo wrote: "Killing the official Huang Chao, the pit soldiers are white, and the higher the demon path is." Slandering the people's revolutionary movement as a "yellow nest and white rise" has been wantonly insulted against our Party.
Yi Junzuo
Driven by Yi Junzuo, other Kuomintang sour and rotten literati published their own "masterpieces" like flies smelling of rotten flesh, and Wang Xinming, chief writer and deputy editor of the Kuomintang Central Daily, published a so-called "Qinyuan Chun Ci (Qinyuan Chun) Rhymes" in the name of "Donglu Poets", saying: "Regretting the wrong side door, the final false fruit, the Cliff of Lema is deliberately carved." It is not too late, butcher's knife should be put down and become a Buddha. ”
In her "Qinyuan Spring", Wei Suqiu said that Chairman Mao's original work "satirized The Tang Emperor and Song Zu, showing off all the charms", and also said: "Merit and sin, let the world guide, twilight dynasty." ”
Since the Kuomintang side took the lead in launching the "Criticism of Mao Words" movement, chongqing's progressive cultural circles also quickly counterattacked under the direct guidance of Zhou Enlai, such as Mr. Guo Moruo, who successively published several articles and Chairman Mao's speeches, among which "the voice parrot overturned the bridge, and then put Yangzhou on the waist." It is said that the red boat is fully loaded, and the king is victorious; the yellow turban rises again, and the moth thieves are in turmoil. Sigh can you say, do not leave the birds, the wood of decaying wood can not be carved? Ho Ho Ho Dao! "It can be said that it is the most ridiculous thing that can be done to scold the Kuomintang's many royal literati to the point of no end."
Guo Moruo
During this "snow battle," the Kuomintang newspapers and periodicals published nearly 30 so-called "peace words" one after another. However, the word "Qinyuan Spring" is not something that anyone can control, if it is mastered well, it can cause the trend of overwhelming the mountains and the sea, if it is not mastered well, it will give people a feeling of no disease and groaning, so Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao and others in the Song Dynasty have not written "Qinyuan Spring".
In order to curry favor with Chiang Kai-shek and "pave the way for bridges" for their future, these sour and rotten Kuomintang literati can be said to have forcibly filled out the so-called "words and works" that can be said to be completely incomprehensible.
The so-called "lyrics" they have published have either directly launched personal attacks on the principal leaders of our party, saying that they are "chaotic demon kings" who "talk about liberation," or touted the Kuomintang's "rejuvenation of the dynasty," or worse, they have directly blamed our party for civil war, compared our party's act of defending the fruits of victory to that year's Zhi Jian, and falsely advised our party to listen to the words of the "central figure" (referring to Chiang Kai-shek) and lay down its weapons and surrender.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="287" > which is more humiliating than a big defeat! </h1>
According to Chiang Kai-shek's wishful thinking, he originally thought that he could produce a few capable people in his own camp, and wrote several "masterpieces" that exerted pressure on "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" in terms of artistic conception, momentum, and words, and when the time came, they would be published in the name of the kuomintang top brass, which would also be regarded as "a good story."
As a result, Chiang Kai-shek's plan directly played a counterproductive role; with the background of the "masterpieces" of the Kuomintang "lyricists," it further embodied the grandeur of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow," and even overseas Chinese knew about "Qinyuan Spring and Snow." When reprinting Chairman Mao's poem, a Chinese-language newspaper in the Philippines called it "a masterpiece among the masterpieces of great ancient and modern Chinese and foreign poems."
If Chairman Mao's visit to Chongqing made the whole world know the Communist Party of China, then the poem "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" made the world truly know Chairman Mao. He knew that he was not only a Communist Party leader dressed in coarse cloth, a brilliant politician and military man, but also a great poet and writer.
Chairman Mao was in Chongqing
Later, Chiang Kai-shek, who was not willing to fail, ordered some so-called "everyone" from Nanjing, Shanghai, and other places to hire them to write a few "Qinyuan Spring" poems, and as a result, the level of these "everyone" and the "everyone" in Chongqing can be said to be inseparable in terms of lyrics, and the eldest brother does not laugh at the second brother.
When Chen Brei asked Chiang Kai-shek to look at the "Qinyuan Chun" poetry collection that he had painstakingly collected, Chiang Kai-shek roughly rolled his eyes and threw it on the other side of the desk, sighed and said: "This is more humiliating than fighting a big defeat!" ”
The only thing that gave Chiang Kai-shek some comfort was that the campaign to collect "Qinyuan Spring" was carried out in secret, and since the operation failed, he was not good at propaganda, so he specially ordered the matter to be kept secret, and it was not until the 1980s that a Prominent Kuomintang member who had participated in the matter told the story of the "Fog And Snow Battle" initiated by Chiang Kai-shek.
Only then did people know that the reason why the Kuomintang sour and rotten literati published those vulgar "Qinyuan Spring" was at the behest of Chiang Kai-shek himself.
Interestingly, this "snow battle" in 1945 actually benefited a restaurant owner in Chongqing. The boss found a "business opportunity" in the "Snow Battle" and asked the calligrapher to write down Chairman Mao's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" and other "everyone's" "Qinyuan Spring" and frame it in the store.
Soon, the owners of other hotels in Chongqing also engaged in the "Qinyuan Spring Evaluation", which became a big famous scene in Chongqing for a while.
Regarding the connotation of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", Chairman Mao once made a special annotation, saying that snow refers to opposition to feudalism, and the last three sentences refer to the proletariat.
Chairman Mao was with the people
The true connotation of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" is something that Chiang Kai-shek, as the spokesman of a large landlord and a big capitalist, could never understand, just as he could never understand why Chairman Mao, who led the people to overthrow his rule, shouted "Long live Chairman Mao" in the face of the masses.