There is no need to sing much through the ages- the Poet Wang Zhizhuo of the Sheng Tang Dynasty
Author: Zhou Yong
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The Tang Dynasty, a dynasty rich in poetry!
This is a dynasty of cattle people, fierce people, the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty, the eight immortals in drinking, the big and small Li Du, the poetry immortals, the poetry Buddha, the poetry ghosts...
Find a few random words, all of which are familiar: "I don't see the ancients before, I don't see the comers after me", "I am high and far away", "The bright moonlight in front of the bed", "The wildfires burn endlessly, the spring wind blows and grows again", "Where is the country broken", "A line of egrets on the blue sky", "A piece of ice heart in the jade pot", "It is difficult to say goodbye when you meet", "The spring breeze in February is like scissors"...
These cattle people, fierce men and the poems they left behind, such as brilliant stars, illuminated the entire Sky of the Tang Dynasty, and also illuminated the entire sky of Chinese national poetry, shining brightly!
When it comes to places of interest and historical sites, we often think of some famous sayings, when it comes to the Yellow Crane Tower, we tend to think of "the old people have taken the Yellow Crane to go, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here"; when it comes to the Love Evening Pavilion, the mind will definitely jump out of the "Parking and Sitting Love Maple Forest Night, Frost Leaves Red in February Flowers". And when it comes to storks, what is the first verse that comes to mind?
This is a problem that three-year-olds know.
This is the most widely circulated, this sentence came out, he said the second, I am afraid that for a while no one dares to say the first.
unbelief?
Well, let's take a look!
Want to go to the next level!
Of course, the only one who uttered this ancient sentence could be Wang Zhizhuo.
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Stork Tower, also known as Stork Que Lou, named after the storks and finches perched on it, is located on the east bank of the Yellow River west of the ancient city of Puzhou in Yongji City, Shanxi Province. Originally built in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the building is spectacular, the structure is kit-chic and picturesque. Many literati have left many immortal poems on the way to the tower, and a few examples are listed at random:
Tang Dynasty Li Yi's "Tong Cui Ying Deng Stork And Bird Building":
Stork Tower West 100 feet tree, Tingzhou cloud trees are vast.
The family drum is empty and the water flows, and the Wei Guoshan River is half sunset.
Things go away for a thousand years, and a day of sorrow is long.
Wind and smoke and thoughts and look back, far from the spring also hurt themselves.
Tang Dynasty Changdang "Climbing the Stork and Bird Tower":
On the birds, high above the world.
The sky surrounds the plains, and the river flows into the broken mountain.
Tang Dynasty Wu Rong's "Climbing the Stork and Bird Tower":
Birds watching at the soles of the feet of the forest, the sunset is endlessly smoking.
The frozen open river is rushing and rushing, and the snow washes the mountains and falls cold.
Originally a country that abandoned his homeland, he was afraid of Chang'an because of many difficulties.
Zu whipped off the folding disciples and won the Yunxi negative fishing rod.
Tang Dynasty Geng Xiang's "Climbing the Stork and Bird Building":
Long-time customers are often drunk, and the tall buildings are getting lower and lower.
The Yellow River passes through Hainei, Huayue Town, Kansai.
Go far away thousands of sails small, come late solo bird fans.
All year round, empty feeling negative East Creek.
Among these poems, only Wang Zhizhuo's "Climbing the Stork and Bird Building" is the most famous and the most widely circulated, and these poems were basically written after Wang Zhizhuo's poem.
This poetic mood is majestic and imposing. The whole poem has four sentences and twenty words, none of which is strange and unintelligible, but it shows a picture of a thousand miles, magnificent momentum, coherent momentum, thick and powerful, virtual reality, and a majestic artistic conception. With the pen of God, he writes about the majestic scenery of nature, and expresses a deep understanding of life and positive feelings. "Thousand miles" and "one layer" are all imaginary numbers, which are the space of the poet's imagination. The words "want to be poor" and "higher" contain hope and longing, and the first two sentences are written in a natural and close way, thus pushing the psalm to a higher realm. "Wanting to be poor and go to a higher level" is no longer just a scene, but also contains endless philosophies, which also makes this poem a song that has been sung for eternity.
The Song Dynasty Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Pen Talk" once commented: The two-story Stork Tower in Hezhong Province, the forward-looking Middle Strip, overlooking the great river, the Tang people left many poets, only Li Yi, Wang Zhizhuo, and Changdang three pieces, can look like its scenery.
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Historians usually use the "Anshi Rebellion" that broke out in 755 AD as a dividing line, dividing the social history of the Tang Dynasty into two major periods. However, Historians of Tang poetry habitually divide the development of Tang poetry into four phases (early Tang, Shengtang, Middle, and Late Tang).
In 688, the influence of the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty had gradually declined, some had died young, and Chen Ziang, who advocated retro, was close to standing, but he had not yet shouted "those who did not see the ancients before and did not see those who came after". Zhang Jiuling was only 10 years old, and "Shen Song" was in his prime, which was the time of his fame.
The wheel of history is always like water, rolling in the east, and there will always be dazzling waves of goods constantly rising and crashing.
In this year, Wang Zhizhuo, a great poet, was born.
Wang Zhizhuo has no biography in the old and new "Book of Tang", and the "Biography of Tang Caizi" is also vague, saying that Wang Zhizhuo was a Jimen person.
The Tang Dynasty Jin Neng's "Epitaph and Preface to the Tomb of the Prince of Taiyuan in Wen'an County, Wen'an County, Tang Dynasty" records that zhizhuo "Jinyang of the original family, eunuch Dai County", then Jinyang (present-day Taiyuan) was his original hometown, and when he was an official, he lived in Dai Prefecture (present-day Xindi County, Shanxi).
Wang Zhizhuo was "generous and strategic, and a gentleman with different talents", and was good at writing articles in his early years, and was good at writing poetry, often citing lyrics. He was especially good at five-word poetry, winning by describing the scenery of the border plug, and was a romantic poet. Jin Neng's "Epitaph of Wang Zhizhuo" states that his poems "taste or sing from the army, chant out of the plug, Shu Xi Ji Guan Shan Mingyue Thoughts, Xiao Xi Yi Shui Cold Wind Sound, spread music, spread in the population." "
He has two good brothers.
One is called Wang Changling, yes, yes, it is the one who wrote "Luoyang relatives and friends are like asking each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot";
There is also a brother named Gao Shi, who is the author of "don't worry about the world and don't know yourself, and no one in the world knows the king".
These two brothers are both fans of Wang Zhizhuo, Wang Changling is 10 years younger than Wang Zhizhuo, and Gao Shi is the youngest of the three brothers, 14 years younger than Wang Zhizhuo.
Can the person who can sing and chant with these two people be average?
It is said that during the first year of the new year, there was a winter, the weather was cold, and the snow dance was long in the sky. What is the right day for a poet like this?
Drinking and chanting, of course.
It is said that Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Wang Zhizhuo were in Chang'an at that time. Such a snowy scene, can you not get over the addiction to alcohol and poetry?
The three of them met at the flag pavilion to drink.
At that time, there was a banquet in the restaurant, and the pear garden team invited was singing, and when the singing reached its climax, four young and beautiful girls began to sing the poems of the famous poets at that time.
Gao Shi spoke: "The three of us are also a bit famous, and we have never distinguished between high and low in normal times." Today we make a bet to see who the four girls sing the most poems, even if who wins. ”
Just listen to the first girl singing:
Cold rain and river night into Wu, Pingming sent guests to Chushan Lonely.
Luoyang relatives and friends asked each other, a piece of ice heart in the jade pot.
Wang Changling smiled and drew a line on the wall with his hand: "Oh, it is mine( it is mine). ”
Then the second girl sang:
Kai Zhen tears, see the Book of the Day before the King.
The night platform is lonely, just like Zi Yunju.
Gao Shi was excited: "Hey hey, this is mine." Also painted on the wall.
The third girl sang along:
The Broom Ping Ming Golden Hall opened, and the tuan fan hovered together.
Jade face is not as good as Jackdaw color. Bring the shadow of the sun to the sun.
Wang Changling couldn't contain his excited expression: "It's mine again." Draw one more.
Wang Zhizhuo was a little anxious for a moment, pointing to the "best of the prostitutes" and saying, "If it were not for my poems sung by this son, I would not dare to compete with the son for the rest of my life." Take off my poems, the son and so on when Su Lie worships under the bed, worship me as a teacher! ”
What does it mean?
It was Wang Zhizhuan who pointed to the most beautiful of the four girls and said, "If this most beautiful girl doesn't sing my poems again, I won't write poems anymore in my life, and I won't compare with you two!" If it's my poem, then you'll have to worship me as your teacher!" ”
After a while, the girl appeared and sang:
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, a lonely city of WanlingShan.
Qiang Di why should he complain about Yang Liu, the spring wind does not pass the jade door.
There was silence! It is definitely Wang Zhizhuo's seven masterpieces of "Liangzhou Words".
Afterwards, the three laughed. Wang Zhizhuo was very proud. I don't know what the state of mind of the other two cattle people was at that time? Nor can we know if there was a worshipper at that time.
The four singers asked about the situation and then worshipped.
"The common eye does not know the gods, begs to lower the weight, and prostrates the feast!"
The three sons from there, drunk day after day. This is the origin of the famous "Flag Pavilion Painting Wall".
This incident is recorded in the Tang Dynasty scholar Xue Yongwei's "Jiyi Ji", which may not be true. However, it shows that Wang Zhizhuo's "Liangzhou Words" has become a widely sung famous piece at that time. This poem is known as the Seven Absolute Scrolls of Tang Poetry.
The Tang Poems Quote Wang Yuyang as saying: "I must ask for the scroll, Wang Weizhi's "Weicheng", Li Bai's "White Emperor", Wang Changling's 'Broom Pingming', Wang Zhizhuo's 'Yellow River Far Up' and its Shu almost! And in the final Tang Dynasty, there is no right person in the four chapters. ”
In later life, one of Wang Zhizhuo's loyal fans, the master of traditional Chinese studies, Zhang Taiyan, used four words to describe this poem: the best of the sentences!
There is also an interesting story about this poem in the Great Qing Dynasty: legend has it that once, the Qianlong Emperor and the gentry came to Ji Xiaolan's Reading Hall together and saw Ji Xiaolan practicing calligraphy. Qianlong then handed Ji Xiaolan a paper fan he was holding and asked him to write a poem on it. Ji Xiaolan took the paper fan, only to see that there were distant mountains, near the city, and the spring breeze of Yang Liu. After a little thought, he wrote Wang Zhizhuo's "Liangzhou Words": The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, an isolated city, WanlingShan Qiangdi, why should he complain that the spring breeze of Yang Liu does not pass the jade gate.
Qianlong took the paper fan and praised it: "Good! Good! The dragon flew and danced, in one go, good!" Qianlong read it, and then handed it to he and said, "He Aiqing, you judge it." ”
He Sheng took the paper fan and praised Ji Xiaolan's calligraphy, but when he looked closely, there was a missing word "between" in the middle. Then he said, "Ji Xiaolan, do you know your guilt?"
Ji Xiaolan smiled and said, "What is the crime?"
He Sheng said, "If you take a closer look, how come there is a missing 'interval' in writing a poem for Viva Grandpa?"
Qianlong was furious: "You deliberately slipped a word to deceive Yuan, and you deserve to be punished with death!" ”
Ji Xiaolan picked up the paper fan and looked at it, and indeed missed a "between" word, and for a while cold sweat came straight out, but Ji Xiaolan was Ji Xiaolan, and he was definitely not the master of eating dry food in vain. He immediately calmed down and said, "Long live, I did not write Wang Zhizhuo's Liangzhou Words, but a poem rewritten according to his words. ”
Qianlong looked at Ji Xiaolan's calm expression and said, "Since you wrote another poem, then you should read it to You." ”
I saw Ji Xiaolan pick up a paper fan and recite: "Far above the Yellow River, there are white clouds, and the lonely city of Wanlingshan." Qiang Di why complain, Yang Liu Spring Wind, do not pass the jade door close. ”
Qianlong listened and laughed.
There are also legends that cixi, the authenticity may not be recognized, but it can be seen that Wang Zhizhuo's "Liangzhou Words" has the artistic charm and popularity.
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Compared with the poets who often have a thousand poems and a hundred poems, Wang Zhizhuo's poems have survived to the present, which is less pitiful and pitiful. There are only six poems handed down by Shi Chuan Wang. However, these six poems allow us to see the stroke of God. Whether it's a scene or a portrait, a party or a farewell.
Take a look at his farewell poem.
Love, lovesickness, and parting are all common themes in Tang poetry. Farewell is perhaps one of the most common scenes in life, and farewell poems are also one of the most common ways to express emotions. Because it is more common, it is unimaginably difficult to think creatively and write something new.
First look at a few sentences of "Confidant in the sea, if the end of the world is nearby" (Wang Bo), "Send the king back to the old mansion, the moon is full of the front river" (Yang Jiong), "Sing away from the song to the wandering son, last night the frost first crossed the river." Hongyan can't bear to listen, yunshan situation is a guest in the middle of the past" (Li Qi), "Luoyang relatives and friends like to ask each other, a piece of ice heart in the jade pot" (Wang Changling), "Mo worries about the road ahead ignorant of himself, who in the world does not know the king" (Gao Shi). "The lone sail is far away and the blue sky is exhausted, only to see the skyline of the Yangtze River", "The peach blossom pond is thousands of feet deep, and it is not as deep as Wang Lun to send me affection" (Li Taibai).
Who else can write something new?
Yes, that is the protagonist of this article, Wang Zhizhuo.
In the fourteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (726), Wang Zhizhuo was appointed as the master of Hengshui in Jizhou, and as an unpopular petty official, he sent a friend once and wrote:
Willow east wind tree, qingqing sandwich royal river.
Recently, it has been a lot of hardships, and it should be more than one.
Write a farewell, do not write bitterness, take the willow into the topic, write the bitterness of the willow, why is it bitter? Because there are too many people who have left, there are too many people who have been climbed, and they can not be bitter. Willow knows bitterness, let alone parting people?
As far as Wang Zhizhuo's life is concerned, at this point, we cannot but thank one person.
who? Jin Neng!
Who is Jin Neng?
It is the person who wrote the epitaph for Wang Zhizhuo. At that time, he served as a lieutenant in Yongning County, Henan Province, and was related to Wang Zhizhuo's cousin Wang Zhixian and was of the same rank as Wang Zhizhuo. In the epitaph, he highly praised Wang Zhizhuo's poems, "Song from the army, chanting out of the plug, Kyauk xi ji Guan Shan Mingyue thoughts, Xiao Xi de easy water cold wind sound", he also regretted that Wang Zhizhuo's literary talent was buried, "Zhifu Yasong played a work, poetry is full of metaphors, Wen Zai Si, generation unknown, pity! ”
It is precisely because of Jin Neng that we can roughly understand the life of Wang Zhizhuo and his people. The epitaph says that Wang Zhizhuo died in February of the first year of Tianbao (742) at the age of 55, and that he was born in the fourth year of the Wuhou Gong (688).
In the fourteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (726), Wang Zhizhuo was appointed as the master of Hengshui in Jizhou, and was given "Banquet Speech" and "Farewell".
In the tenth year of the new century (722), Wang Zhizhuo married the Bohai Li clan, who was the third daughter of Li Dizhi of Hengshan County, Jizhou. Here are two more sentences, when the two were married, Wang Zhizhuo was married and had children, 35 years old, and Li Shi was 29 years old, 17 years younger than Wang. The county order Qianjin, married to his father's subordinate, a 35-year-old and married little county lieutenant, is quite intriguing. This must have been overwhelmed by Wang Zhizhuo's talent.
After Li Shi married Wang Zhizhuo, the two fell in love. Wang Zhizhuo was idle at home for 15 years, and Li Shi was poor and happy, and lived a hard life with him. Wang Zhizhuo re-entered the eunuch field, and his life had just turned around, but he fell ill and died, leaving Li Shi widowed before he was 40 years old. Six years after Wang Zhizhuo's death, Li Also died of illness. Because Wang Zhizhuo had an ex-wife, the two could not be buried together. Can't help but sigh.
In the fourteenth year of the new century (726), Wang Zhizhuo resigned from his official position in anger because he was framed and slandered.
Fifteen years of Kaiyuan (727) - Twenty-ninth year of Kaiyuan (741), Fifteen years of Wang Zhizhuo's home.
Twenty years after the beginning of the new century (732), Wang Zhizhuoliu lived in Jimen, and the 30-year-old Gao Shi heard that his good friend Big Brother was coming, and he came to visit in a hurry, but he did not see it, very depressed, and gave poetry to gift. Shi Wenyun: Suitable for the distance to climb the thistle hill, Zi Chen alone scratched the crumbs. The virtuous intercourse is not visible, and I wish it would be difficult to say. Travel thousands of miles, stay away for ten years. Talent yang Qingxing, meritorious deeds fangfang festival. The sea of clouds is blocked, and the depression is windy and snowy. When things are wrong, the heart of the lost road is broken. Don't repeat it, but be sad.
In the first year of Tianbao (742), under the persuasion of friends and family, Wang Zhizhuo supplemented Wen'an County, Wen'an County. On February 24 of the same year, he was finally ill and finally died at the age of fifty-five.
In the second year of Tianbao (743), Wang Zhizhuo was buried in Luoyang Beiyuan, and Wei Jin of Yongning County was able to write an epitaph.
Regarding Wang Zhizhuo's epitaph, here is a few more words.
There are many tombs in luoyang city north of the mountain. In the early 1930s, tomb robbery became common in the Luoyang area, and many epitaphs were stolen and sold at low prices. In 1932, the Kuomintang elder and epigrapher Li Gen acquired 93 Tang Dynasty epitaphs in Luoyang, and among the 93 Tang Dynasty epitaphs, one of them was the "Epitaph of the Wei Wangfu of Wen'an County, Wen'an County, Tang Dynasty", that is, Wang Zhizhuo's epitaph!
The excavation of Wang Zhizhuo's epitaph caused a sensation at the time. In the autumn of 1932, Li Gengen asked the master of traditional Chinese studies, Zhang Taiyan, to write the inscription "Qushi Jinglu Hidden Ninety-Three Tang Zhi Room" and presented Wang Zhizhuo's epitaph to Zhang Taiyan for identification, And Zhang Taiyan was very surprised after reading it, and identified it as Wang Zhizhuo's epitaph and wrote an inscription for the epitaph. It reads: "Yin Quan (Li Gen) in the Lod Tang Tombs ninety-three stones. This king's stone... That is, the Sheng Tang poet Wang Zhizhuo is undoubtedly... Recite his poems without knowing the deeds of men, and get this stone with detailed books, and it is really great and fast... If the king is a lieutenant of Wen'an County, and his life is high, why is this stone passed on? Later, Cen Zhongmian's "History of Continuing Zhenshi Evidence", Qi Gong's "Ancient Literary Materials in The Tablets", and Fu Xuanqun's "Tang Dynasty Poet Cong Kao" in "Jin Neng's Tombstone inscription of Wang Zhizhuo" can be used as evidence.
In 1937, the Japanese army captured Suzhou, and in order to protect these precious epitaphs, Li Gengen transported these epitaphs to Xiaowang Mountain overnight and sank into the pool in front of the Guandi Temple under the mountain. After liberation, Li Gen donated all these Tang Dynasty epitaphs to the state, most of which were collected by the Nanjing Museum, while the extremely precious tombstones of Wang Zhizhuo were transported to Beijing and stored in the China History Museum.
Speaking of this, let's talk about one more person, that is, the great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, who is known as the topsy-up zhang who is drunk and drunk - Zhang Xu, the cursive calligrapher.
Although the Epitaph of Wang Zhizhuo does not sign the name of Dan, its calligraphy style is no different from the epitaph of Yan Ren unearthed in the same period. Yan Ren's epitaph is the Tang Dynasty calligrapher Zhang Xu Shudan, some experts and scholars according to the font comparison between the two epitaphs, the photocopy of the two epitaphs to be compared, a look, the two epitaph calligraphy points and points and the whole momentum is extremely similar, completely written by one person. The person who confirmed Wang Zhizhuo's epitaph was Zhang Xu.
"Wang Zhizhuo's Epitaph" on the original inscription "Tang Dynasty Wen'an County Wen'an County Wen'an County Wei Taiyuan WangfuJun Epitaph and Sequence", the zhi stone has a boundary grid, local defects, 24 lines of text, full line of 24 characters, 545 words. Looking at the "Tomb of Wang Zhizhuo" recorded in the "Tomb of Wang Zhizhuo", the time is "Tianbao 22 may of the second year", and the time and place are also similar to the "Yanren Epitaph".
Zhang Xu once received poems from two Poets of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, one was Li Ji, and the other was Gao Shi, who wrote a poem entitled "Gifting Zhang Jiuxu After Drunkenness", as mentioned above, Gao Shi also wrote "Ji men do not meet Wang Zhizhuo Guo Mizhi because of the gift of poetry", because the poem proves that Gao Shi has interacted with Zhang Xu and Wang Zhizhuo respectively. Wang's epitaph was written and written by his cousin Wang Zhixian, and the author Jin Neng was a good friend of Wang Zhixian, who had served as a lieutenant in Chang'an, and it was absolutely possible that he and Zhang Xu had already known each other when they were in Chang'an, and it was also reasonable for him to ask Zhang Xu to write for the "Tombstone of Wang Zhizhuo".
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Although Wang Zhizhuo only left six poems, we should also be thankful that if there were no these six poems, then the sky of Tang poetry and even the sky of the entire Chinese poetry must be gray.
We can't imagine why such a cattle poet, the old and new Tang Books are difficult to trace, and only six poems have survived, leaving only some speculation:
First, Wang Zhizhuo's official work was too small to attract the attention of the chroniclers;
2. Wang Zhizhuo is upright, not afraid of power, offends villains, triggers the dissatisfaction of those in power, and deliberately does not accept his introduction;
Third, the collection of posterity is not effective.
Just imagine, with Wang Zhizhuo's talent, it is absolutely impossible to write only six poems, because some unknown reasons have led to the scattering of other poems, which cannot but be said to be a great loss.
And all the speculation is just speculation, the specific reason, may not be important, what is important is that we can still see the "want to be poor, go to a higher level", "Qiangdi why should complain about the willow, the spring wind does not pass the jade door", such ancient sentences, can still feel the majestic tragedy, grandeur, simple philosophy of life and profound truth contained in his poetry world.
Less, why not?
A song that has been sung for thousands of years, one sentence is enough!