September 23 coincided with the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival. China, as the world's largest aquaculture country, today ushered in the first ten-year Global Aquaculture Conference at Shanghai Ocean University in Pudong Lingang. What is more or less unexpected is that peers at home and abroad "covet" the local "fish, shrimp and crab" star products, and at the same time, they are also very "envious" of these ecological homes of green aquaculture aquatic products.
Green water and green mountains, fish and shrimp fat, gold mountains and silver mountains... Only in the Yangtze River Delta, where Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui are located, from the Huangshan Mountains to the mountain springs and water fish farming, to the crab feeding snails and radishes, and then to the symbiosis of crayfish and shrimp and rice, it can be described as beautiful scenery and beauty, and I want to play after eating.
【Crayfish love clean water quality in essence】
Crayfish, a delicacy with Chinese characteristics. "Crayfish are not afraid of getting dirty? It's just that they are tenacious. Gao Weimiao, vice chairman of the CPPCC Xuyi County in Jiangsu Province, explained to the Jiefang Daily Shangguan news reporter, "In fact, crayfish are essentially clean, and the water quality is not very long." ”
Xuyi, with a total population of 800,000 and about 2,500 square kilometers, is the county with the largest per capita land area in Jiangsu, known as "two acres of arable land and one acre of mountains, one acre of water surface and one acre of beach". Up to now, the brand value of Xuyi lobster has reached 21.551 billion yuan, ranking first in the national aquatic products brand value list for 6 consecutive years.
This crayfish town is located on the geographical dividing line between north and south of China, with a good ecology and excellent environment, which is the most suitable area for lobster farming. The county's waters include not only the Huai River, Hongze Lake, and 126 small and medium-sized reservoirs, but also hundreds of thousands of acres of mudflat wetlands. Gao Weimiao introduced that the water here is clean, the substrate is soft, and the water grass is appropriate, which has created the "three white and two more" of xuyi lobster - belly white, cheek white, flesh white; more yellow, more meat.
It is worth noting that Xuyi is also 3/5 of the low hills, and the local people have always had the tradition of growing Chinese medicinal materials. Xuyi people use 13 flavors of "spices" on the spot, innovate and cook "thirteen spiced lobsters", and have also launched dozens of lobster peripheral foods such as kimchi, garlic paste, and black tea.
Through the cooperation with shanghai ocean university professor-level experts, the local active promotion of lobster and rice symbiosis, the current "shrimp and rice symbiosis" reached 665,000 mu, the average yield of ecological lobster 150 kg per mu, high-quality rice about 400 kg, compared with the conventional "one wheat and one rice", the income per mu increased by more than 2,000 yuan. Among them, "Xuyi Lobster Fragrant Rice" has also been approved as a national geographical indication certification trademark.
Gao Weimiao said that Xuyi is starting a business for the second time, and will comprehensively promote the integration and development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries around the goal of "establishing the country's largest lobster breeding resources protection area, the country's most fruitful scientific research base for the ex vivo breeding technology of lobster seedlings, and the country's largest demonstration base for ecological breeding of lobster and lobster fragrant rice".
【Hairy crab pick carrot corn natural food】
At the autumn equinox, the sun shines overhead. Just outside the main venue of the 4th Global Aquaculture Conference, in a crab pond of more than 100 acres in Pudong, Shanghai, there are hairy crabs code-named "Jianghai 21". Last year, the output value of this pond was more than 6 million yuan, and this year's "many children and many blessings" is just around the corner.
This crab is a new species of Chinese river crab selected by the team of Professor Wang Chenghui of Shanghai Ocean University. As an adult crab with "big long legs", the legs are open up to 47 cm long. The male crab that has just shed its fifth hull has exceeded 0.3 kg, or six twos; even the female crab is already close to 0.3 kg. After more than a month of fattening, the highest specification of a single body value may exceed 500 yuan.
Speaking of ancestors, its founding group comes from the main stream of the Yangtze River (Nanjing River section) and the national original seed farm, which are all natural group parents. Starting from basic research and after more than ten years of hard work, scientists from the Haida Aquatic Animal Germplasm Research Laboratory and others finally selected and bred "Jianghai 21". Regarding the name, Wang Chenghui said: "'Jiang' represents its seed source, the Yangtze River, 'Hai' represents Shanghai, and '21' means the 21st century. ”
Due to its high appearance and fast growth, this variety has been promoted in nearly 20 regions such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Ningxia, Chongqing, Shanghai, etc., and there are about 300,000 to 400,000 mu of crab ponds in the country, of which about 60% of Shanghai use this family.
Their home is a pure natural oxygen bar, because the algae planted at the bottom of the pond has become a "water forest" and "underwater grassland", and each pond is equipped with an oxygenation system according to the area according to the situation, and it is opened regularly every day. In particular, there is also a daily ration of food - snails. The professor said, "Born and raised in such an environment, where there is a reason why the claws are not clean, even the arm sockets are clean." "Fattening season has arrived, and the time for crabs to be most blessed has arrived. Crab farmers began to feed "small stove dishes", picking carrots, corn and other special natural foods, "what people eat, what do they eat, you say can not be green and safe?" ”
【Spring Water Fish Rice Field Fish Newspaper Agricultural Cultural Heritage】
The child is not a fish, but also knows the joy of fish. At the foot of Huangshan Mountain, the world's natural and cultural "double heritage", the Xiuning Mountain Spring Water Fish Farming System was included in the third batch of China's important agricultural cultural heritage, and was awarded the title of "The First County of Fish Farming in China's Mountain Springs and Flowing Water". Tang Jin, county magistrate of Xiuning County in Anhui Province, revealed in Shanghai that last year, the output of spring water fish reached more than 2,000 tons, and the output value reached 150 million yuan. From "spring water fish + tourism" to "spring water fish + poverty alleviation", by the end of 2020, the radiation of the local spring water fish industry has driven more than 1,900 people from more than 900 households to get rid of poverty steadily, attracting nearly one million tourists every year.
The Jiefang Daily Shangguan News reporter learned that the traditional flowing water fish pond area is generally 5 to 15 square meters, built in a place with sufficient water sources, with open channels, culverts or moso bamboo tubes to divert water, the pond wall is made of wool stone, pebbles or chiseled flat stone barriers, thickness of 0.6 to 1.2 meters, height 1 to 3 meters. The shape of these mountain spring fish ponds depends on the terrain and the aesthetics of fish farmers, mainly square, a small number of round, gourd-shaped, etc., distributed in front of the house, behind the house, next to the village, in the courtyard house.
Through pollution-free wild forage, etc., it promotes the cultivation of grass carp, which has a dark body, fresh flesh and unique flavor, and becomes a rare green organic food. Behind it, the local government has cooperated with Shanghai Ocean University and other colleges and universities to tackle key problems, and obtained 5 invention patents such as new high-density fish farming methods, and 8 aquatic product breeding technologies such as bare-lip fish fry breeding technology. It is reported that the national team of spring water fish industry technology innovation jointly established with Shanghai Ocean University has planned to start the declaration of the mountain spring and water fish farming system to declare the global important agricultural cultural heritage.
Coincidentally, the "Qingtian Rice-Fish Symbiosis System" in Zhejiang was listed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as one of the first globally important agricultural cultural heritages. Relying on the terraced geomorphological characteristics of "Nine Mountains, Half Water and Half Field", Qingtian Ancestors have both grown rice and fish for more than 1,300 years, forming an organic ecological cycle, and maintaining stable and efficient production without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
In the past few years since the county established a comprehensive strategic cooperative relationship with Shanghai Ocean University, 26 field fish germplasm resource protection points have been built, which has further enhanced the purity and brand influence of Qingtian field fish species, and has been awarded the "Hometown of China's Field Fish" and geographical indication agricultural products.
Column Editor-in-Chief: Xu Ruizhe Text Editor: Xu Ruizhe
Source: Author: Xu Ruizhe