Source: Yang Culture, Finishing: Zhenwu Yangwei
Wuwei, Ayutthaya Guzang, Dajun Liangzhou, Liangzhou has a dragon shape. Therefore, it is called "Wolong City". Seven miles north and south. East and West Three Miles. Built by the Huns. Also known as Liangzhou, known as han "Jin Wuwei" Ming "Jin Liangzhou", the history of the world's heroes scrambling to make meritorious places, many legends take place in Liangzhou land, Huo went to the disease to seal the wolf Juxu, the oriental god of war Yang Shuang stepped on the Turkic Hangai Mountain, Honghua Princess Tugu Hun returned to Liangzhou, Thousand Households Liu Lin vs Timur, Su Wu, Di Qing, Yang Family Will Be Well-known, is the Yang Family will have the most stories and the most concentrated place, the Ming Dynasty Liangzhou Yangfu Lane, Yang JiaHe, Yang Jia Shan, Yang Ye Temple, Baiyi Temple, Yang Chaozhuang Arctic Palace, The tomb of the general of Dragonfly Village, "Liangzhou Yang Family Will Attack the Drum" continues the legend of the immortal heroes of the Chinese nation, and the Twelve Widows of Gulangxia Zhengxi concentrate on the sacrifice spirit of the female generals of Yangmen.
General map of Gansu Town
Mu Guiying, wife of Yang Zongbao. She is youthful and radiant, heroic and graceful, boldly pursuing love, and privately engaged zongbao for life; and has extraordinary skills: "Born with courage, she once met a goddess to teach the divine arrow flying knife, and a hundred shots." In the anti-Liao battle, she galloped on the battlefield of Youzhou. In the battle of the Great Broken Green Dragon Array, he bravely rushed to kill and won victory in the midst of danger, showing the true color of a hero.
Mu Guiying is a character in the Ming Dynasty Xiong Damu's novel "The Biography of the Northern Song Dynasty" and Ji Zhenlun's novel "Yang Jia Will Be Popular", and later the Yang family adapted the related novels into dramas and TV series, and Mu Guiying became a household name. Mu Guiying was originally the daughter of Mu Kezhai Mu Yu, who was excellent in martial arts, witty and brave, and it is said that there were goddesses who taught the art of divine arrows and flying knives. Because of the battle with Yang Zongbao before the battle, Mu Guiyingsheng captured Zongbao and recruited him to become a relative, and belonged to the Yang family generals, becoming an outstanding figure among the female generals of Yangmen, and a typical image of the hero in Chinese popular literature.
Mu Guiying is one of the four heroes of ancient China and one of the "Yangmen Female Generals". She is yang Zongbao's wife and Yang Jiye's granddaughter-in-law. Although there is no evidence in history to prove Mu Guiying's merits on the battlefield, many stories have been circulated among the people. The Yang family will all be proud to protect the country and can pay all the costs for the country, and the same is true for the Yangmen women, which can be said to be one of the most respected women in Chinese history.
Mu Guiying was based on a female military commander with outstanding military achievements in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, a national hero, a guanglu doctor of the pillar state, a prince Taibao, a prince Taifu, a shaobao, a sichuan envoy, a chinese military governor, a general of The Chinese army, a general of Sichuan, a general of Sichuan, a marquis of Zhongzhen, and a lady of yipin (Qin Liangyu).
After the Great Heavenly Gate Array, She Taijun (She Saihua) was 100 years old, and Mu Guiying and twelve other Yangmen women were ordered to go out to western Xia. At the age of fifty-three, Mu Guiying personally hung up the pioneer seal, broke through the strong enemy, and was blocked by the Western Xia at the Tiger Wolf Gorge (present-day Gulang Gorge). In order to detect the enemy situation, Mu Guiying took two female generals and climbed a hill along a small path, Mu Guiying looked towards the mouth of the gorge, only to see that the mouth of the gorge was densely packed with Western Xia soldiers and horses. The heroic Mu Guiying, seeing that it was difficult to break through from the front of the gorge, raised his eyes to the peak of the west peak of the gorge, only to see that the purple mist above his head was swirling with clouds, the ancient pine cypress was leaning against the cliff to the clouds, and the dangerous stone peak was straight into the cloud sky, and in the middle of the barrier of the mountain, a cliff stretched out to the east, and he wanted to climb it in order to observe the enemy situation, but there was no way up the cliff, and it was difficult for the brigade to climb. Mu Guiying had to take two female generals, found a micro-path mountain path, tightly grasped the bare back of the cliff, bent and curved, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, they climbed along the mountain path, I don't know how many hours I climbed, I don't know how many times I fell, I didn't know how much I fell, I climbed, I finally climbed to that abrupt cliff. Ascend to the horizon and your vision will suddenly open. Mu Guiying was seeing the god when suddenly a dense burst of cold arrows shot out. Mu Guiying and three other female generals were killed by arrows on the spot. It turned out that Western Xia saw that this cliff was dangerous and had already ambushed a Western Xia soldier in the west of the cliff. Seeing Mu Guiying climb up to observe the terrain, he poisoned his hands.
The other female generals who remained under the cliff saw that Mu Guiying had been ambushed, so they rushed to the rescue together. But the cliff was so steep that only nine of the best female generals in Yangmen Kung Fu climbed it. When the Western Xia fu soldiers saw that only a few people had come up, they killed them all at once and wanted to catch them alive.
The female generals of Yangmen swung their swords and engaged in a battle with the Western Xia soldiers. Outnumbered, the female generals all ended up dying at the top of the cliff. After Mu Guiying and other female generals died in battle, the Western Xia soldiers stripped off their armor, cut off Mu Guiying's head and the heads of other female generals on the flagpole to order the three armies. The headless corpse was thrown under the Cliff of Tears. Later, the Yang family led reinforcements from Yang Mantang, a female general who attacked from another way, to collect and bury the headless corpses of Mu Guiying and others. Without their heads and armor, the delicate bodies of the female generals fell from the top of the cliff and fell to the point of blurring flesh and blood, fragmented, and the identity of the corpses could not be recognized, so they had to be buried together. This is the tomb of the Yang family. She Taijun heard the news and rushed to pay tribute, mourn the dead, mourn and cry, the sound shook the mountain, touched the eagle's mouth cliff, the mountain god shed tears, and the teardrops turned into cliff stones rolling down the cliff. Later, this cliff was called "Tear Cliff". Now there are also Glitter Cliffs, Yang Family Tombs and other monuments in the local area.
Legends of Mu Guiying and other Yangmen female generals dying in battle exist throughout Gansu and Ningxia. In the Gulang Gorge, there are indeed the tombs of Yangmen female generals and the Glitter Cliff, which are local protected monuments. After the liberation, the Tear Cliff was built and blew up most of it with explosives, so it has not recovered its appearance. Now it has been redeveloped to attract tourists. There is an archway in front of The Cliff of Tears. Below the archway is said to be the tomb of the Female General of Yangmen, where the headless corpses of Mu Guiying and other Female Generals of Yangmen were buried. The couplet on the archway: "Teardrop cliff buried loyal bones, Tianbo scarf mourning the Western Expedition."
Liangzhou Gulang Gorge Tear Cliff
The earliest systematic narrative of the story of the female generals of Yangmen is the Ming Dynasty novel "Yang jiafu yanyi", the full title of which is "The new compilation of the yangjiafu generations of loyal and courageous yizhi biography". The book is a traditional chapter novel, mixed with a large number of strange and chaotic plots, and the literary value is not high. The novel does not introduce how old Mu Guiying died. In the "Yang Family Mansion Yanyi", there is no Mu Guiying among the twelve widows. The twelve widows were Yang Xuanniang, Man tangchun (Yang Mantang), Lady Zou, Meng Sijie, Lady Dong, Lady Zhou, Yang Qiuju, Lady Geng, Lady Ma, Lady Bai, Liu Bajie, and Yin Jiuniang. Mu Guiying had already died before the Twelve Widows conquered the West, but there were no details. However, the version seen today is incomplete. For example, on the one hand, it is said that Yang Wenguang died of feathering, and on the other hand, it is said that Yang Wenguang flew back to lead the troops several times in the back. There are many places where the middle does not connect. Mu Guiying's death may be in this missing paragraph.
In the "Romance of Yang Family Mansion", the final outcome of the Yang family is that Yang Huaiyu kills the entire family of Zhang Mao, the chancellor who is bent on slandering Yang Men Zhongliang, and sees several generations of emperors because they listen to the rumors of traitors. The Yang family was almost beheaded by the imperial court during the taizong, zhenzong, and renzong periods, so they were discouraged, and they were afraid that the Yang family would be beheaded by the imperial court this time, so they hid in the Taihang Mountains overnight and cultivated themselves, and the Yang family would no longer be out of the army.
The most systematic Yang family will be legendary of all kinds of commentaries. Since the earliest was word of mouth, there are many editions of the commentaries. In addition to the main characters such as She Taijun, Mu Guiying and others, the names and deeds of other Yangmen female generals are very different. After liberation, such commentaries were "sorted out" and the so-called "seals, capitals, repairs, and superstitions" were removed. So the plot has changed a lot. Today's so-called "Mu Guiying Hanging Commander", "Hundred Years Old Hanging Commander" and other Yangmen female generals' repertoire are all newly compiled after liberation. Originally, there were no such legends. The so-called Mu Guiying fifty on the battlefield, She Taijun's hundred-year-old expedition, and so on are all modern works.
In most folk tales about the female generals of Yangmen, there is no mention of the ending of the female generals of Yangmen, except that in some stories it is mentioned that the Great Dao King Huainu was used by the enemy to fight with wheels when quelling the rebellion of Nong Zhigao, and after exhaustion, she accidentally fell into the horse pit and was hacked to death by the enemy. Yang Bajie, one of the female generals of Yangmen, was killed in a battle to quell the local indigenous rebellion in Hubei.
Stories of women dying in battle in old sayings are not uncommon. For example, another female hero before Mu Guiying, Liu Jinding, in the traditional commentary, in addition to being able to fight in the past, can also call the wind and rain. She helped the Song Dynasty sweep away the Southern Tang. However, after defeating yu hong, he was trapped by Yu Hong's master and killed alive with three gold bricks. At that time, Liu Jinding was pregnant. After the body was buried, it was not decomposed in the coffin for 100 days, and finally gave birth to a son. The soul was reborn as Mu Guiying.
This episode is mentioned in the pre-liberation texts. However, there are superstitious ideas that involve "birth in a coffin" and "rebirth of the soul", and most versions after liberation are completely absent. Only the Northeast duo transfer still has reservations. But it's not a regular performance either. Therefore, the legend of "Yangmen Female General Died in Battle and Tear Cliff" retains a considerable original appearance.